激光频率调制线型分析

在激光频率调制的理论分析中,一般采用正弦波调制、正弦波解调,而没有讨论调制和解调的其它情况。本文主要分析了Guass线型吸收的情况下,锯齿波调制、方波解调的一次、二次谐波相检结果和三角波调制、方波解调的一次、二次谐波相检结果,以及调制深度对信号谱形和信号强度的影响。我们发现,在锯齿波调制、方波解调情况下,一次、二次谐波谱形和正弦波调制情况区别很大;但在三角波调制、方波解调情况下,可以获得和正弦波调制、正弦波解市场相似的结论。另外,不同的调制深度对输出的调制谱形也有重要的影响。我们还用甲烷的可调谐 红外光调制吸收光谱实验验证了理论分析结果。最终得到结论：频率调制谱的信号谱形及信号强度与调制波形、解调波形和调制深度均有关系。     

基于偏振延时干涉技术的光子波形产生技术研究

提出并验证了一种新型的微波波形产生方案,该方案基于偏振延时干涉技术,仅采用一个激光器和马赫-曾德尔调制器(MZM),通过光子微波技术产生高速率微波波形.利用正弦微波信号对MZM进行调制,通过控制MZM的调制度,同时调节差分延迟线的延时量实现偏振延时干涉技术,成功实现了三角波和方波波形的输出.理论分析了基于偏振延时干涉技术的方波和三角波的产生原理,数值计算得到了最佳调制指数.实验中,通过5GHz正弦波得到了同频方波和三角波的输出.实验结果与之相符合,验证了方案的可行性.     

三角波脉动流通栓的晶格玻尔兹曼方法模型

血液栓塞作为心血管疾病的一大诱因, 其形成机理及外部因素一直是医学、生物物理等领域专家关心的问题. 血栓的形成及其结构复杂多样, 大大增加了治愈血栓的难度. 脉动对于疏通血液栓塞有良好的作用, 而由于血液的黏滞作用以及红细胞的惯性, 脉动流的波形、振幅和频率都会影响通栓的效果. 本文主要基于晶格玻尔兹曼方法, 在栓塞的锥形管中, 用三角波脉动流进行通栓计算, 探索三角波脉动流的波形、压差、频率对血管通栓效果的影响. 计算发现, 低频低压条件下三角波脉动流通栓效果不明显, 而高频条件下通栓效果良好; 适当增加压差, 可以提高能通栓的三角波脉动流的频率.     

不同波形脉冲激光的时域误差对相干合成的影响

相干合成技术是实现高功率、高亮度光纤激光系统的重要技术途径.然而, 脉冲激光阵列中常常存在时域误差,这将影响脉冲激光的相干合成效果. 建立了脉冲激光存在时域误差时的相干合成理论模型,并在不同波形(方波、三角波、正弦波) 的脉冲激光存在时域误差时,对相干合成光束在远场的脉冲波形、峰值功率、 光强分布和桶中功率(PIB)等特性进行了数值计算和对比分析.计算结果表明: 方波脉冲激光相干合成光束的脉冲波形受时域误差影响严重,光强分布和PIB随着时域误差 的增大发生线性变化;三角波脉冲激光相干合成光束的脉冲波形和峰值功率受时域误差 影响严重,光强分布和PIB在时域误差较大时随着时域误差的增大发生较为剧烈的变化; 正弦波脉冲激光相干合成光束具有较好的输出特性,在两路正弦波脉冲激光相干合成中, 将两脉冲之间的时延控制在脉冲持续时间的10%以内,就能取得良好的合成效果.     

“示波器使用”实验测试板设计与制作

利用基本电子元器件和常用普通芯片设计出能产生频率可调方波、三角波、正弦波信号的电路;并制作出PCB板,制成实物供＂示波器使用＂实验使用,即方便了教学,又节约了经费。     

低压电子水处理方法的阻垢特性

通过静态和动态两种方法对低压电子阻垢性能进行了实验研究.在静态实验中选用了不同波形的电压信号进行实验,结果表明,阻垢效果最好的为恒压直流,其后依次是三角波、正弦波、方波.恒压直流的动态实验结果表明,增大处理电流,污垢热阻降低,阻垢率增大.低压电子阻垢方法通过电化学反应使成垢离子减少以产生阻垢效果.     

激光二极管自混合干涉实验仪和微振动研究

用振动激励信号做频率电压变换的倒相触发信号,可以从激光二极管自混合干涉信号还原扬声器谐振时的振动波形,输出信号的振幅与扬声器的振幅成正比. 用正弦波、方波和三角波信号分别激励扬声器,利用自制的激光二极管自混合干涉实验仪观测了的扬声器振动特性,测量了扬声器的谐振曲线.     

基于ICL8038函数信号发生器的设计

本设计是以ICL8038和AT89C2051为核心设计的数控及扫频函数信号发生器。ICL8038作为函数信号源结合外围电路产生占空比和幅度可调的正弦波、方波、三角波;该函数信号发生器的频率可调范围为1KHz-100KHz,步进为0．1KHz,波形稳定,元明显失真。     

智能化测试信号源的设计与实现

介绍一种基于AT89C51单片机构成的智能测试信号源,可产生方波、正弦波、三角波、锯 齿波等波形,波形选择及频率、幅度、周期可通过程序改变。本系统主要针对学生学习智 能化测试仪器进行设计,旨在帮助学生掌握智能仪器特点,因而具有模块化结构、智能化 接口和智能控制等特点。     

基于双波长时域合成技术的微波光子波形产生

方波、三角波和锯齿波等微波波形在医学成像、高速通信和高精度测量系统中具有广泛应用.本文提出了一种基于双波长时域合成技术的微波光子波形产生方案,该方案主要采用两个激光器、两个马赫-曾德尔调制器、一个波分复用器和一个可调光延时线.理论分析了方案中方波、锯齿波和三角波波形的时域合成原理,并通过实验成功产生了2.5 GHz重复频率的方波、锯齿波和三角波波形.实验结果与理论分析相符合,验证了该波形产生方案的可行性.并且该系统具有良好的可调谐特性,通过改变微波源的调制频率,可以实现输出微波光子波形的重复频率调谐.实验也成功产生了5 GHz重复频率的方波、锯齿波和三角波波形.     

不同样式的高功率微波对双极晶体管的损伤效应和机理

结合Si基n⁺-p-n-n⁺ 外延平面双极晶体管, 通过分析器件内部的温度分布变化以及电流密度和烧毁时间随信号幅值的变化关系, 研究了其在三角波信号、正弦波信号和方波脉冲信号等三种样式的高功率微波信号作用下的损伤效应和机理. 研究表明, 三种高功率微波信号注入下器件的损伤部位都是发射结, 在频率和信号幅值相同的情况下方波脉冲信号更容易使器件损伤; 位移电流密度和烧毁时间随信号幅值的增大而增大, 而位移电流在总电流所占的比例随信号幅值的增大而减小; 相比于因信号变化率而引起的位移电流, 信号注入功率在高幅值信号注入损伤过程中占主要作用. 利用数据分析软件, 分别得到了三种信号作用下器件烧毁时间和信号频率的变化关系式. 结果表明, 器件烧毁时间随信号频率的增加而增加, 烧毁时间和频率都符合t= af^b的关系式. 关键词： 双极晶体管 高功率微波 损伤机理 信号样式     

圆锥料仓内颗粒周期性脉动特征研究

料仓卸料过程中的颗粒脉动会引起料仓振动甚至导致结构失效.为了明晰颗粒脉动特征,本文进行了椭球颗粒在不同半锥角深仓的模拟卸料实验,将料仓圆筒部划分为4个固定区域以研究区域内颗粒的运动信息,分析了料仓圆筒部颗粒系统的运动特征.研究结果表明:整个卸料过程颗粒速度始终处于波动变化中,卸料前期表现为大振幅、周期性的剧烈脉动,卸料后期平均速度的变化则是小振幅无规律的波动;剧烈脉动时段各区域的颗粒层平均受力的变化规律与颗粒速度脉动特征相似,越接近储料顶端颗粒脉动振幅越大,表现出更规律的周期性脉动,相邻颗粒层间的脉动波形相似且周期相同,剧烈脉动过程中顶面颗粒呈周期性的自由落体运动,该时段内顶层颗粒每一次的自由落体运动都会引起该范围内颗粒间接触力消失;料仓半锥角越小时剧烈脉动频率越高、振幅越大且脉动持续时间也越长,卸料速度越稳定,且颗粒速度不会出现带有上升趋势的波动.研究结果可为卸料设备的安全设计提供参考.     

Insights into numerical simulation of controlled ultrasonic waveforms driving single cavitation bubble activity

A computational study treating cavitation phenomenon within a single bubble undergoing various controlled ultrasonic waveforms is presented in this paper. Numerical simulations using sinusoidal, square, triangular and sawtooth waves crossing an aqueous media, saturated with oxygen, are conducted upon various operational conditions of frequency and amplitude. Bubble radius, temperature and pressure were estimated over time for 64 combined cases. The obtained results show that at relatively low acoustic pressure, i.e. 1.5 and 2 atm, the square wave is proved to generate the highest temperature and pressure inside the bubble, while triangular and sawtooth ones remain the less interesting waveforms for sonochemical application within the same operational conditions. At higher amplitudes above 2.5 atm, this trend is changed, especially at low frequencies, i.e. 200 and 300 kHz, where square wave showed some limitations in attaining the optimal values of the strong collapse within one acoustic cycle.     

An analytical description of transient thermal processes in harmonic crystals

We consider two transient thermal processes in uniformly heated harmonic crystals: (i) equalibration of kinetic and potential energies and (ii) redistribution of the kinetic energy among the spatial directions. Equations describing these two processes in two-dimensional and three-dimensional crystals are derived. Analytical solutions of these equations for the square and triangular lattices are obtained. It is shown that the characteristic time of the transient processes is of the order of ten periods of atomic vibrations. The difference between the kinetic and potential energies oscillates in time. For the triangular lattice, amplitude of the oscillations decays inversely proportional to time, while for the square lattice it decays inversely proportional to the square root of time. In general, there is no equipartition of the kinetic energy among spatial directions, i.e. the kinetic temperature demonstrates tensor properties. In addition, the covariance of velocities of different particles is nonzero even at the steady state. The analytical results are supported by numerical simulations. It is also shown that the obtained solutions accurately describe the transient thermal processes in weakly nonlinear crystals at short times.

     

Chatter suppression by parametric excitation: Model and experiments

Chatter vibration leads to challenges in precise machining due to its harmful effect on productivity and surface quality. In this study, a chatter suppression method based on parametric excitation was developed. The effect of parametric excitation on self-excited vibration was investigated based on a model of a van der Pol-Mathieu-Duffing oscillator with a time delay. It reveals that there can be a zero solution for the oscillator under the effect of parametric excitation, while it is impossible to have a stable zero equation without parametric excitation. The stability of a parametrically excited vibration system regarding the regenerative effect in the cutting processes was studied by the averaging method. The stability analysis shows that parametric excitation with an appropriate frequency and large amplitude has a chatter suppression effect no matter whether the waveform is a sinusoidal wave, square wave or triangular wave. To validate the effect of parametric excitation for chatter suppression, experiments were conducted based on a magnetorheological (MR) fluid-controlled boring bar, which can generate high-frequency parametric excitation based on the quick response of the MR fluid. Cutting experiments with an excitation current of different waveforms and diverse frequencies show that chatter can be significantly suppressed by the effect of parametric excitation.     

Wave radiation in lattice fracture

The square and triangular lattices are considered, where the uniform crack growth is accompanied by the wave radiation. The radiation energy and structure are studied. The energy radiated to the bulk of the lattice is found in a direct way. The radiation structure is described based on the crack problem solution and by means of the analysis of two-dimensional dispersion relations for the intact lattice. The mode III problem for square lattice is discussed in detail, whereas, in the case of the plane problem for the triangular lattice, the only those results are derived which follow from the two-dimensional dispersion relations. It is shown that there exists a finite crack-speed-dependent region of wavenumbers corresponding to the waves radiated to the bulk of the lattice. In the case of the triangular-cell lattice, in addition, one or several lattice Rayleigh waves are radiated. For the square lattice a complete solution for the wave field is presented with the crack-speed-dependent far-field asymptote. The latter is characterized by the wave amplitude asymptotically decreasing as the distance from the crack front in power −1/3. The asymptotically significant crack-speed-dependent direction of the radiation is determined. Such asymptotic results are also valid for the triangular lattice.     

Acoustic vibration of the amphibian eardrum studied by white noise analysis and holographic interferometry

The motion of the amphibian eardrum under free-field acoustic stimulation was investigated using time-averaged holography. We show that the amplitude is linearly related to sound pressure up to +/- 1000 nm. The frequency response of the eardrum shows broad resonance characteristics with a main peak between 1200-2200 Hz. The velocity of the tympanic membrane's motion at its resonance frequency matches the acoustic velocity of air particles. The resonance characteristics of the eardrum are also revealed by white noise stimulation. The power spectrum obtained by Fourier transformation of the autocorrelation of the response to noise resembles closely that obtained by holography.     

Laser processing for deposition of high Tc superconducting films

Model considerations are applied to investigate the process of pulsed laser deposition of high T_c superconducting films. At low power densities, heat conduction and evaporation above a thermal threshold energy dominate. Increase of the laser flux results in the generation of a dense plasma with a mass ablation flow away from the target. According to different wave lengths the relation of the energy density to the pulse duration is estimated. Very short light pulses above a threshold energy density favour the ablation of a stoichiometric mass flow from a multicomponent target and suppress evaporation according to different vapor pressures.