Electronic polarizability of superconductors and inertial mass of a moving vortex

The problem of a vortex electromagnetic mass in a superconductor is considered accounting for the self-interaction effect conditioned by the coupling of the moving vortex to the excited fluctuations of the superfluid density. The obtained polaron-type mass exceeds the earlier obtained electromagnetic mass in view of the large value of the light speed relation to the Fermi velocity and can dominate over the vortex core mass.     

Studies of plastic-ablator compressibility for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion on OMEGA

The compression of planar plastic targets was studied with x-ray radiography in the range of laser intensities of I approximately 0.5 to 1.5x10(15) W/cm2 using square (low-compression) and shaped (high-compression) pulses. Two-dimensional simulations with the radiative hydrocode DRACO show good agreement with measurements at laser intensities up to I approximately 10(15) W/cm2. These results provide the first experimental evidence for low-entropy, adiabatic compression of plastic shells in the laser intensity regime relevant to direct-drive inertial confinement fusion. A density reduction near the end of the drive at a high intensity of I approximately 1.5x10(15) W/cm2 has been correlated with the hard x-ray signal caused by hot electrons from two-plasmon-decay instability.     

惯性质量确实与速度有关

指出了一些文章中关于惯性质量和速度无关的错误根源,阐明了惯性质量和速度有关的理由.同时还指出了经典力学中的"状态"和相对论中的"状态"之差异.     

On the inertial mass concept in special and general relativity

Inertial mass in relativity theory is discussed from a conceptual view. It is shown that though relativistic dynamics implies a particular dependence of the momentum of a free particle on its velocityin special relativity, which diverges as v approaches c, the inertial mass itself of a moving body remains constant, from any frame of observation. However, extension to general relativity does conceptually introduce variability of the inertial mass of a body, through a necessarily generally covariant field theory of inertia, when the Mach principle is incorporated into the theory of general relativity, as a theory of matter.     

The inertial mass tensor of a polaron in an isotropic medium

Owing to a funadmentally erroneous approach to calculations of the effective polaron mass (calculations that use a model without spatial dispersion of the lattice polarizability), the polaron inertial mass has never before been distinguished from the mass as a measure of kinetic energy. In this paper we derive an expression for the tensor of the inertial mass of a large polaron. The tensor is found to be fully determined by two components: the longitudinal component, corresponding to the case where the force acting on the polaron is parallel to the polaron velocity, and the transverse component, corresponding to the case where the acceleration is perpendicular to the polaron velocity. The components of the polaron inertial mass tensor depend quasirelativistically on the polaron velocity due to the quasirelativistic compression of the polarization field in the direction of motion, which constitutes the effect of spatial dispersion of the lattice polarizability. We derive a formula that approximates the dependence of the components of the polaron mass tensor on all the parameters: the frequency and dispersion of the phonons, the polaron velocity, and the effective dielectric constant. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 115, 180–186 (January 1999)     

Current reversal and mass separation of inertial Brownian motors in a two-noise ratchet

Transport of an inertial Brownian motor moving in an asymmetric periodic potential driven by an external force and correlated noises is investigated. Using the numerical algorithm, the asymptotic mean velocity (AMV) for characterizing directed transport is obtained. The effects of the external driving force f and the correlation λ between the two noises on the AMV are discussed. The results manifest: (1) the external driving force and the correlation between the two noises can lead to the phenomena like current reversal. (2) The competitions among the external driving force and the correlation between the two noises are necessary for current reversal, i.e., fλ>0. (3) Different directions of transport are found for different masses of the Brownian particles under the condition fλ>0. Therefore a theoretical study is suggested for separating Brownian particles according to their different masses in the ratchet system.     

Gravitational and inertial mass of bodies of interacting electrical charges

Starting from the equations of motion of particles interacting with both electromagnetic and gravitational fields, the (passive) gravitational mass (M _g) and the inertial mass (M _i) of the total system of interacting charges is calculated. It is found that in both Einstein's General Relativity and the scalar-tensor gravitational theory of Brans and Dicke,M _g andM _i are both equal to the Special Relativistic energy of the system of interacting charged particles. Therefore, both theories are compatible with the high accuracy measurements of theM _g/M _i ratio of laboratory objects. This work was supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant NGR 27-001-035.     

牛顿力学中的惯性质量与狭义相对论中的惯性质量

分别详细说明了在牛顿力学中和在狭义相对论中,惯性和惯性质量的概念是如何引入的.明确地阐述了狭义相对论同牛顿力学相类似,物体(可视为质点或粒子)的固有质量(或静止质量)就是其惯性质量.通过分析,指出并强调了运动质量只是个规定,并非物体惯性的大小真的随运动发生了改变.最后还对静止质量为零、速度为光速的粒子只遵从狭义相对论而...     

Superfluid fermi gas in optical lattices: self-trapping, stable, moving solitons and breathers

We predict the existence of self-trapping, stable, moving solitons and breathers of Fermi wave packets along the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC)-BCS crossover in one dimension (1D), 2D, and 3D optical lattices. The dynamical phase diagrams for self-trapping, solitons, and breathers of the Fermi matter waves along the BEC-BCS crossover are presented analytically and verified numerically by directly solving a discrete nonlinear Schr?dinger equation. We find that the phase diagrams vary greatly along the BEC-BCS crossover; the dynamics of Fermi wave packet are different from that of Bose wave packet.     

Effect of inertial mass on a linear system driven by dichotomous noise and a periodic signal

A linear system driven by dichotomous noise and a periodic signal is investigated in the underdamped case. The exact expressions of output signal amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the system are derived. By means of numerical calculation, the results indicate that (i) at some fixed noise intensities, the output signal amplitude with inertial mass exhibits the structure of a single peak and single valley, or even two peaks if the dichotomous noise is asymmetric; (ii) in the case of asymmetric dichotomous noise, the inertial mass can cause non-monotonic behaviour of the output signal amplitude with respect to noise intensity; (iii) the curve of SNR versus inertial mass displays a maximum in the case of asymmetric dichotomous noise, i.e., a resonance-like phenomenon, while it decreases monotonically in the case of symmetric dichotomous noise; (iv) if the noise is symmetric, the inertial mass can induce stochastic resonance in the system.     

Production rate of hard thermal photons and screening of quark mass singularity

The emission of hard real photons from a quark-gluon plasma at high temperatures is studied. At lowest order the QCD processes for quark-antiquark annihilation and for Compton scattering (qgq) lead to logarithmically divergent thermal production rates for massless quarks. By applying recently developed resummation methods of finite temperature perturbation theory we show that effects due to Landau damping on the exchanged quark provide finite rates. Comparisons with previous estimates and phenomenological implications are discussed.Supported in part by the Minister for Research and Technology (BMFT) of the Federal Republic of Germany under contract 06-BI-701     

Dynamic three-point bending tester using inertial mass and optical interferometer

A method for generating and measuring varying force by means of levitating a rigid object is discussed in this paper. The inertial force is accurately measured using an optical interferometer and an electric frequency counter. The performance of the three-point bending tester based on the proposed idea is investigated. The 12 sets of three-point bending tests have been conducted against aluminum bars. The combined standard uncertainty in measuring the instantaneous value of the reaction force, with the sampling interval of approximately 1–2 ms, is approximately 0.11 N. This corresponds to approximately 3×10⁻³ (0.3%) of the maximum inertial force in the experiments.     

Vibrations of a taut string and torsional vibration of a gun barrel under the influence of a moving mass

Vibration of a string under a moving mass is considered. Owing to the interplay between inertial forces and the string tension this problem shows some differences from that of a travelling force. The torsional vibration of a gun barrel induced by the spin-up of a bullet, being of ballistic interest, is also treated.     

Tkachenko oscillations and the compressibility of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate

The elastic oscillations of the vortex lattice of a cold Bose gas (Tkachenko modes) are shown to play a crucial role in the saturation of the compressibility sum rule, as a consequence of the hybridization with the longitudinal degrees of freedom. The presence of the vortex lattice is responsible for a q2 behavior of the static structure factor at small wave vectors q, which implies the absence of long range order in 2D configurations at zero temperature. Sum rules are used to calculate the Tkachenko frequency in the presence of harmonic trapping. Results are derived in the Thomas-Fermi regime and compared with experiments as well as with previous theoretical estimates.     

Expansion of a Superfluid Fermi Gas Monolayer

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - A monolayer of superfluid Fermi gas can be prepared within an optical dipole trap using the tight confinement along the chosen direction. In this...