Theoretical study of resonant-tunneling and confining phenomena with mass variation in unsymmetrical rectangular double-barrier structures

Analytical expressions for the transmission coefficient and the resonance condition in unsymmetrical rectangular double-barrier structures are derived theoretically by taking into account the mass difference between well and barrier layers. It is found that resonant tunneling with a transmission peak equal to 1 (unity resonance) and resonant tunneling with a transmission peak less than 1 (below unity resonance) may occur in the unsymmetrical double-barrier structures. Two independent conditions are required for unity-resonant transmission: One is the Phase-Difference Condition for Resonance (PDCR) and the other is the Maximum Condition for the Peak Value (MCPV). The below-unity resonant transmission occurs when only condition PDCR holds. It is believed that the two conditions are useful for calculating values of the transmission coefficient and the resonance energy for the unsymmetrical double-barrier structures. They may be useful for resonant tunneling-device fabrication. Furthermore, wave functions of an electron at resonance level are calculated and the confining phenomenon is confirmed.     

Interference phenomena in modulation spectroscopy

Interference phenomena in light reflected or transmitted through a sample can be clearly observed either in a transparency region or in very thin samples. In the case of modulation experiments carried out on such samples the interference is superimposed on a differential spectrum that makes its interpretation more complicated. This is a disturbing aspect of interference. As a rule, one tries to eliminate interference influence (if it is not of special interest). Because this is not always possible, it is useful to know its manifestation in various modulation experiments. Some of the examples of interference manifestation are considered in the present report. However the interference can be used as a source of additional information. This is a useful aspect of interference. Several cases are considered in which interference in modulation spectroscopy is used for determination of the some constants of solids, particularly the electrointerference application for determination of the electro-optical effect constant. A brief review is given of work in this direction. A new method is given for the determination of the refraction coefficient and its variation from the usual interference and modulation interference data. The method provides the determination of these quantities even in the presence of noticeable dispersion, when other methods guarantee the needed accuracy. The imperfectness of the system, which leads to considerable errors in the determination of parameters by usual formulas, is also considered. The results are presented.     

Generalized-barrier parameters for single-barrier structures and resonance width in asymmetrical double-barrier structures

Generalized-barrier parameters are studied theoretically for rectangular and trapezoidal single-barriers as well as parallel-plane ones, which are basic units for double-barrier and multiple-barrier structures. Analytical expressions for these parameters are derived by taking into account the position-dependent effective-mass effect. Furthermore, the expressions for the generalized-barrier parameters of optical single-layer thin film structures are considered and permit direct application of previous results to thin film interference filters also. The heights of resonant peaks and the resonance widths in asymmetrical double-barrier structures are studied as functions of the generalized-barrier parameters.     

Interference due to coherence swapping

We propose a method called ‘coherence swapping’ which enables us to create superposition of a particle in two distinct paths, which is fed with initially incoherent, independent radiation. This phenomenon is also present for the charged particles, and can be used to swap the effect of flux line due to the Aharonov-Bohm effect. We propose an optical version of experimental set-up to test the coherence swapping. The phenomenon, which is simpler than entanglement swapping or teleportation, raises some fundamental questions about the true nature of wave-particle duality, and also opens up the possibility of studying the quantum erasure from a new angle.     

Pumped shot noise in adiabatically modulated graphene-based double-barrier structures

Quantum pumping processes are accompanied by considerable quantum noise. Based on the scattering approach, we investigated the pumped shot noise properties in adiabatically modulated graphene-based double-barrier structures. It is found that compared with the Poisson processes, the pumped shot noise is dramatically enhanced where the dc pumped current changes flow direction, which demonstrates the effect of the Klein paradox.     

Probability phenomena due to separatrix crossing

The effect of a small or slow perturbation on a Hamiltonian system with one degree of freedom is considered. It is assumed that the phase portrait ("phase plane") of the unperturbed system is divided by separatrices into several regions and that under the action of the perturbations phase points can cross these separatrices. The probabilistic phenomena are described that arise due to these separatrix crossings, including the scattering of trajectories, random jumps in the values of adiabatic invariants, and adiabatic chaos. These phenomena occur both in idealized problems in classical mechanics and in real physical systems in planetary science and plasma physics contexts.     

Explosive Instability due to four-wave mixing

It is known that an explosive instability can occur when nonlinear waves propagate in certain media that admit 3-wave mixing. The purpose of this Letter is to show that explosive instabilities can occur even in media that admit no 3-wave mixing. Instead, the instability is caused by 4-wave mixing: four resonantly interacting wave trains gain energy from a background, and all blowup in a finite time. Unlike singularities associated with self-focussing, these singularities can occur with no spatial structure-the waves blowup everywhere in space simultaneously. We have not yet investigated the effect of spatial structure on a 4-wave explosive instability.     

Molecular dynamics driven by ultrashort laser pulses: Interference effects due to rescattering

A time-dependent Schrödinger equation is integrated numerically to investigate the dynamics of a model molecular system driven by a high-intensity ultrashort laser pulse. Two-dimensional photoelectron momentum distributions are analyzed. Highly nonmonotonic electron angular distributions are obtained that cannot be explained by diffraction in the double-well potential of a molecular ion. The nonmonotonicity is also demonstrated for atomic ionization and is attributed to the interference that occurs between components of an electron wave packet after its rescattering from the parent ion. An analytical model explaining the observed effects is developed.