Whitney umbrella and slow-motion bifurcations of relaxation-type equations

Smooth orbital normal forms of generic one-parametric families of slow motion of relaxation-type equations with two-dimensional slow variable are obtained near a singular point of the type Whitney-fold of the equation folding when the slow velocity is not tangent to the set of critical values of the folding. For example, a generic family for a generic value of the parameter is described by the germ at the origin of either the equations (dy/dx)² = x(x - y)² or (dy/dx)² = x found by V. I. Arnold and M. Cibrario, respectively, after an appropriate choice of smooth local coordinates fibered over the parameter spaces.Translated from Sovremennaya Matematika i Ee Prilozheniya (Contemporary Mathematics and Its Applications), Vol. 7, Suzdal Conference-1, 2003.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Legendre singularities in systems of implicit ODEs and slow-fast dynamical systems

Generic properties of regular first integrals of systems of implicit differential equations are considered. In particular, for systems of two equations with two phase variables, a classification of generic bifurcations of integral level surfaces is described. Published in Russian in Trudy Matematicheskogo Instituta imeni V.A. Steklova, 2008, Vol. 261, pp. 140–153.     

On the accuracy of conservation of adiabatic invariants in slow-fast Hamiltonian systems

Let the adiabatic invariant of action variable in a slow-fast Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom have limits along the trajectories as time tends to plus and minus infinity. The difference of these two limits is exponentially small in analytic systems. An isoenergetic reduction and canonical transformations are applied to transform the slow-fast system to form of a system depending on a slowly varying parameter in a complexified phase space. On the basis of this method an estimate for the accuracy of conservation of adiabatic invariant is given.     

Stability islands in domains of separatrix crossings in slow-fast Hamiltonian systems

We consider a two-degrees-of-freedom Hamiltonian system with one degree of freedom corresponding to fast motion and the other corresponding to slow motion. The ratio of typical velocities of changes of the slow and fast variables is the small parameter ɛ of the problem. At frozen values of the slow variables, there is a separatrix on the phase plane of the fast variables, and there is a region in the phase space (the domain of separatrix crossings) where the projections of phase points onto the plane of the fast variables repeatedly cross the separatrix in the process of evolution of the slow variables. Under a certain symmetry condition, we prove the existence of many (of order 1/ɛ) stable periodic trajectories in the domain of separatrix crossings. Each of these trajectories is surrounded by a stability island whose measure is estimated from below by a value of order ɛ. So, the total measure of the stability islands is estimated from below by a value independent of ɛ. The proof is based on an analysis of asymptotic formulas for the corresponding Poincaré map.     

Stability islands in domains of separatrix crossings in slow-fast Hamiltonian systems

We consider a two-degrees-of-freedom Hamiltonian system with one degree of freedom corresponding to fast motion and the other corresponding to slow motion. The ratio of typical velocities of changes of the slow and fast variables is the small parameter ɛ of the problem. At frozen values of the slow variables, there is a separatrix on the phase plane of the fast variables, and there is a region in the phase space (the domain of separatrix crossings) where the projections of phase points onto the plane of the fast variables repeatedly cross the separatrix in the process of evolution of the slow variables. Under a certain symmetry condition, we prove the existence of many (of order 1/ɛ) stable periodic trajectories in the domain of separatrix crossings. Each of these trajectories is surrounded by a stability island whose measure is estimated from below by a value of order ɛ. So, the total measure of the stability islands is estimated from below by a value independent of ɛ. The proof is based on an analysis of asymptotic formulas for the corresponding Poincaré map. Published in Russian in Trudy Matematicheskogo Instituta imeni V.A. Steklova, 2007, Vol. 259, pp. 243–255.     

The approximate decomposition of exponential order of slow-fast motions in multifrequency systems

This paper deals with multifrequency slow-fast systems. It is shown that, under a suitable change of coordinates, the system can be reduced to a simple form such that slow motions are described by autonomous equations except for exponential error of perturbations. Hence, the fast and slow motions are decoupled. The Newton rapid iteration is used. In addition, for a perturbation, only the smallness condition is needed.     

Piecewise Coapproximation and the Whitney Inequality

All cases of the validity of the piecewise q-monotone analog of the Whitney inequality are clarified. For similar analogs of the Jackson inequality negative results are proved.     

Elements of the Lagrangian Whitney trick

We investigate the possibility of a Lagrangian Whitney trick, a process to remove a pair of intersection points of a self-transverse Lagrangian immersion by a homotopy through Lagrangian immersions. There is a model for which a Lagrangian Whitney trick with compact support works assuming the model satisfies an area-capacity condition. Reduction of more general cases to the model, not necessarily fulfilling the area-capacity requirement, is possible if the given pair of double points admits a suitable symplectic disc and a certain Maslov-Viterbo index is 1. We look into an example to see the actualities of the Maslov-Viterbo index and the area-capacity conditions. The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee whose suggestions improved remarkably the exposition of the paper. This work was supported by the grant no.R01-2000-000-00004-0 from Korea Science & Engineering Foundation.     

On the property of kelley in the hyperspace and Whitney continua

In this paper, we introduce the notion of property [K]¹ which implies property [K], and we show the following: Let X be a continuum and let ω be any Whitney map for C(X). Then the following are equivalent. (1) X has property [K]¹. (2) C(X) has property [K]¹. (3) The Whitney continuum ω⁻¹(t) (0⩽t<ω(X)) has property [K]¹.As a corollary, we obtain that if a continuum X has property [K]¹, then C(X) has property [K] and each Whitney continuum in C(X) has property [K]. These are partial answers to Nadler's question and Wardle's question ([10, (16.37)] and [11, p. 295]).Also, we show that if each continuum X_n (n=1,2,3,…) has property [K]¹, then the product ∏X_n has property [K]¹, hence C(∏X_n) and each Whitney continuum have property [K]¹. It is known that there exists a curve X such that X has property [K], but X×X does not have property [K] (see [11]).     

Whitney towers and gropes in 4-manifolds

Many open problems and important theorems in low-dimensional topology have been formulated as statements about certain 2-complexes called gropes. This paper describes a precise correspondence between embedded gropes in 4-manifolds and the failure of the Whitney move in terms of iterated `towers' of Whitney disks. The `flexibility' of these Whitney towers is used to demonstrate some geometric consequences for knot and link concordance connected to -solvability, -cobordism and grope concordance. The key observation is that the essential structure of gropes and Whitney towers can be described by embedded unitrivalent trees which can be controlled during surgeries and Whitney moves. It is shown that a Whitney move in a Whitney tower induces an IHX (Jacobi) relation on the embedded trees.

     

Limit cycles in slow-fast codimension 3 saddle and elliptic bifurcations

This paper deals with local bifurcations occurring near singular points of planar slow-fast systems. In particular, it is concerned with the study of the slow-fast variant of the unfolding of a codimension 3 nilpotent singularity. The slow-fast variant of a codimension 1 Hopf bifurcation has been studied extensively before and its study has lead to the notion of canard cycles in the Van der Pol system. Similarly, codimension 2 slow-fast Bogdanov–Takens bifurcations have been characterized. Here, the singularity is of codimension 3 and we distinguish slow-fast elliptic and slow-fast saddle bifurcations. We focus our study on the appearance on small-amplitude limit cycles, and rely on techniques from geometric singular perturbation theory and blow-up.     

On the theorem and constants of H. Whitney

Whitney's famous theorem shows that the error of approximation to a functionf by algebraic polynomials of degree <n can be estimated by thenth order modulus of smoothness off. We show that the constants in this theorem can be taken independent ofn.     

Integral closure of modules and Whitney equisingularity

Oblatum 4-II-1991 & 3-VI-1991     

Whitney numbers of matroid extensions and co-extensions

Crapo found that single-element extensions of matroid are equivalent to modular cuts. This paper will study the single-element extension and co-extension of a matroid and establish the upper semi-continuity for the signless coefficients of Whitney polynomials and Whitney numbers on both extensions via its extension lattice, a lattice of all non-empty modular cuts.     

Dynamic transcritical bifurcations in a class of slow-fast predator-prey models

We study the stability loss delay phenomenon in a dynamic transcritical bifurcation in a class of three-dimensional prey and predator systems. The dynamics of the predator is assumed to be slow comparatively to the dynamics of the prey. As an application, a well-known model considered by Clark will be discussed.