(3-氮-吗啉)-1-(4-氯)-苯基-1-丙酮不对称还原产物光学活性的理论计算

采用AM1方法对(S)-4-苄基-5,5-二苯基-1,3,2-噁唑硼烷催化(3-氮-吗啉)-1-(4-氯)-苯基-1-丙酮不对称还原反应的立体控制步骤进行了计算,获得了R和S型过渡态的优化构型及其热焓和熵等热力学参数,计算得到了该步反应中生成R和S型对映体的反应速率常数之比,据此得到的不对称还原反应最终产物的光学活性e.e.的理论计算值,与实验结果相近.     

脯氨酸催化丙酮与异丁醛不对称直接Aldol反应的DFT研究

采用密度泛函DFT-B3LYP方法计算研究了(S)-脯氨酸催化丙酮和异丁醛的不对称直接羟醛缩合(A l-dol)反应,得到了两种烯胺中间体及立体控制步骤中的四个立体异构过渡态的优化构型和相对能量,解释了该不对称反应的立体选择性.     

噁唑硼烷对苯甲酮不对称还原反应催化性能的理论计算

采用AM1方法研究了四种1,3,2-噁唑硼烷催化剂对苯甲酮不对称还原反应的催化性能,计算了立体控制步骤中生成R和S型催化配合物的反应热和活化能,并根据立体控制步骤中R和S型过渡态的熵和焓等参数,计算了四种催化反应体系最终产物的绝对构型及光学活性(e.e.%),据此对四种催化剂的对映选择性作出了评价.     

从(4R)-羟基-(S)-脯氨酸合成4-取代脯氨酸

叙述了以(4R) 羟基 (S) 脯氨酸为原料进行的几种新型手性催化剂的简便合成方法. (4S) 苯氧基 (S) 脯氨酸 1a由N 乙氧羰基 (4R) 羟基 (S) 脯氨酸甲酯经Mitsunobu反应, C 4构型发生翻转, 水解后得到; (4R) 芳甲氧基 (S) 脯氨酸由N 叔丁氧羰基 (4R) 羟基 (S) 脯氨酸用ArCH2X醚化后脱去N 保护基得到, C 4构型不受影响.     

含三氟甲基的螺[环丙烷-1,3'-吲哚啉]-2'-酮和螺[环丙烷-1,2'-茚]-1',3'-二酮衍生物的高立体选择性简易合成

采用3-(4-三氟甲基苯亚甲基)吲哚啉-2-酮和2-(4-三氟甲基苯亚甲基)-1H-茚-1,3(2H)-二酮分别与鉮盐在二氯甲烷中,碳酸钾或氟化钾存在下反应,可高产率、高立体选择性地得到以反式构型为主的含三氟甲基的3'-螺环丙基取代的氧化吲哚和2'-螺环丙基取代的茚二酮衍生物.产物相对构型经X射线单晶衍射或1H-1H NOESY谱确定.还从反应机理的角度对产物构型做了解释.     

活性酵母细胞不对称催化苯乙酮还原及树脂吸附对反应的促进作用

 以苯乙酮为模型底物,研究了水相体系中酵母细胞催化前手性芳香酮不对称还原生成相应手性醇的反应特性. 实验发现,酵母细胞催化苯乙酮不对称还原的产物以(S)-α-苯乙醇为主,反应的立体选择性很高,(S)-α-苯乙醇的对映体过量值可达99%左右. 在pH为7～8, 酵母细胞用量为0.2 g/ml的条件下能获得较高的产物收率(可达35%左右). 酵母细胞能选择性地氧化(S)-α-苯乙醇,而留下(R)-α-苯乙醇. 在反应体系中加入合适的吸附树脂,可以降低底物和产物对细胞的毒害作用,显著提高反应底物的初始浓度,从而提高产物收率.     

有效控制活性酵母细胞催化β-羰基酯不对称还原反应立体选择性的研究

 以4-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯为β-羰基酯的模型底物,对面包酵母催化其不对称还原反应立体选择性的控制进行了研究. 实验发现,利用诸如烯丙基醇和烯丙基溴等酶抑制剂对面包酵母进行预处理,可以控制反应的立体选择性. 用烯丙基醇预处理面包酵母时可以提高S型产物的立体选择性; 用烯丙基溴预处理时,可以使反应的立体选择性从通常的S型产物转变为R型产物. 立体选择性随着预处理时抑制剂浓度的增大和处理时间的延长而提高. 合适的预处理条件可使S型和R型产物的ee值分别达到95%和98%.     

不对称合成(+)-(11R, 12S)-盐酸甲氟喹

疟疾药物、(+)-(11R, 12S)-盐酸甲氟喹的不对称合成,由购买得到的2－三氟甲基苯胺、三氟乙酰乙酸乙酯,环戊酮为起始原料经过7步反应以14％的收率得到。关键步骤为脯氨酸催化的不对称aldol反应和贝克曼重排,绝对构型由Mosher的方法确定。     

新型手性膦配体的合成及其在 1,4-共轭加成反应中的应用

 以联萘酚和大位阻的金刚烷酰氯为原料, 经两步合成了系列新型手性单齿亚磷酸酯配体, 并应用于铜催化的二乙基锌对环烯酮的不对称 1,4-共轭加成反应. 结果表明, 产物收率和对映选择性最高分别为 95% 和 61%. 配体 (S)-(2-(adamantane- 1-carboxylic acid)-1,1’-binapthalen-2’-yl)-((S)-1,1’-binaphthalen-2,2’-yl)phosphite [(S,S)-3a]的两个 (S)-联萘酚构型是匹配的组合, 产物的绝对构型主要由配体中 2,2’-二氧膦-1,1’-联萘酚的构型控制.     

几种4-取代-L-脯氨酸衍生物的合成

以Boc-(4R)-羟基-(2S)-脯氨酸为原料,在NaH作用下与苄位溴代试剂发生醚化反应,合成了几种4-取代-L-脯氨酸类手性催化剂,即在(4R)-羟基-(2S)-脯氨酸的4-位上引入不同的苄氧基以期提高其催化活性和脂溶性,并通过1 H NMR、13 C NMR和HRMS对合成产物的结构进行表征,确定其为目标产物.实验结果还表明,当苯环上连有强的吸电子基团时反应很难进行,而当连有给电子基团时反应相对较容易进行且反应条件较温和.     

手性催化剂(4R)-苄氧基-(S)-脯氨酸的合成及其对不对称羟醛反应的催化活性

手性催化剂(4R)-苄氧基-(S)-脯氨酸的合成及其对不对称羟醛反应的催化活性;羟醛反应     

Mechanistic insights into the proline-directed enantioselective heterogeneous hydrogenation of isophorone

The adsorption rates onto a range of platinum single-crystal surfaces of key species involved in the proline-directed heterogeneous enantioselective hydrogenation of isophorone were investigated by electrochemical means. Specifically, the uptakes of the prochiral reactant (isophorone), the chiral hydrogenation product (3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone), and the chiral directing agent ((R)- and (S)-proline) were examined. The effects of R,S chiral kink sites on the adsorption of (R,S)-proline were also studied. The reactant adsorbs approximately 105 times faster than the chiral modifier so that under conditions of competitive adsorption the latter is entirely excluded from the metal surface. Supplementary displacement and reaction rate measurements carried out with practical Pd/carbon catalysts show that under certain reaction conditions isophorone quickly displaces preadsorbed proline from the metal surface. Thus both kinetics and thermodynamics ensure that the chiral modifier can play no role in any surface-mediated process that leads to enantiodifferentiation. These results are fully consistent with the recent proposal1 that the crucial step leading to enantiodifferentiation occurs in the solution phase and not at the metal surface. In addition, it is found that there is no preferred diastereomeric interaction between (R,S)-proline and R,S step kink sites on Pt{643} and Pt{976}, implying that such sites do not play a role in determining the catalytic behavior of supported metal nanoparticles.     

(4S)-苯氧基-(S)-脯氨酸催化直接不对称羟醛缩合反应

N-乙氧羰基-(4R)-羟基-(S)-脯氨酸甲酯与苯酚的Mitsunobu反应给出N-乙氧羰基-(4S)-苯氧基-(S)-脯氨酸甲酯,后者经皂化和盐酸水解后得标题氨基酸.这一化合物(5 mol%)对映选择性催化丙酮和取代苯甲醛的羟醛缩合反应,产率67.4%～89.9%,ee最高达76.5%.     

Short alpha/beta-peptides as catalysts for intra- and intermolecular aldol reactions

Short alpha/beta-peptides, containing conformationally restricted cis-beta-aminocyclopropylcarboxylic acid units as turn-inducing elements, have been found to be efficient catalysts for inter- and intramolecular aldol reactions. The tripeptide H-(L)-Pro-black triangle-(L)-Pro-OH was identified to perform especially well in homogeneous and heterogeneous aqueous solutions as well as in organic solvents.     

An efficient synthesis of enantiomerically pure (R)-pipecolic acid, (S)-proline, and their N-alkylated derivatives

Enantiomerically pure (R)-(+)-pipecolic acid was synthesized in four steps and 42% overall yield starting from dihydropyran and (R)-alpha-methylbenzylamine. A general short strategy is also described for preparing (S)-proline (47.5% overall yield) and derivatives.     

Two separate and distinct syntheses of stereospecifically deuteriated samples of (2S)-proline

Two distinct syntheses of samples of the amino acid L-proline which are stereospecifically deuteriated on the beta-carbon atom are reported. In the first of these, the labelled diazoketones 6, prepared by a chemico-enzymatic synthesis, have been photolysed in alkaline conditions to give the corresponding labelled methyl pyroglutamates 10 via hydrolysis and intramolecular trapping of the resultant ketene intermediates 9. These were then converted into (2S,3S)-[3-(2)H1]- and (2S,3R)-[2,3-(2)H2]-proline, 1a and 1b respectively. The second synthesis provides (2S)-[3,3-(2)H2]-, (2S,3S)- and (2S,3R)-[3-(2)H1]-proline, 1d, 1a and 1c respectively, and has as its key step the highly stereoselective hydrolysis of the silylenol ethers 14 and 14a respectively in which deuteriation or protonation occurs from the re-face of the enol ether.     

Separation and identification of Taxifolin 3-O-glucoside isomers from Chamaecyparis obtusa (Cupressaceae)

Taxifolin 3-O-glucoside isomers, [(2R, 3R)-, (2R, 3S)-, (2S, 3R)- and (2S, 3S)-] were isolated from leaves of Chamaecyparis obtuse (Cupressaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of UV, MS, CD, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral data, including 2D shift correlation. It was found that the compounds could be distinguished by the use of 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral data.     

Poly(β-Amino acids). VI. Synthesis and conformational properties of poly[(r)-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid]

Racemic and optically active 3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acids (β-proline) were synthesized, and their polymers, poly[(RS)-β-proline] and poly[(R)-β-proline], were prepared by the polycondensation reaction of the p-nitrophenyl esters. Model compounds, N-cyclopentylcarboxylic acid pyrrolidide and N-cyclopentylcarbonyl-(R)-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid pyrrolidide, were synthesized to elucidate the conformation of the polymer. The solution properties of poly[(R)-β-proline] and the model compounds were investigated by means of circular dichroism (CD) and NMR spectroscopy. The spectral patterns of the polymer and model compounds were similar in various solvents. Poly[(R)-β-proline] and poly[(RS)-β-proline] showed identical NMR spectra. These results suggest that poly[(R)-β-proline] may exist in a random conformation consisting of mixtures of cis and trans amide bonds. The conformational study of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid pyrrolidide by NMR spectroscopy with a shift reagent, Eu(fod)₃, in CDCl₃ implied that the plane containing the amide group bisects the cyclopentane ring. This suggests that each amide plane in the polymer in chloroform may also bisect the pyrrolidine ring.     

Detection of cis-trans isomers of a synthetic peptide fragment of erythropoietin

The synthesis of the protected fragment t-butoxycarbonyl-alanine-isoleucine-serine(benzyl)-proline (Pro)-Pro-OH derived from the hormone erythropoietin is described. The analysis of the peptide by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) yields apparently inconsistent results. Although HPLC consistently indicates the presence of only one component, TLC reveals a number of distinct species. Because satisfactory amino acid analysis and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry results are obtained, we think it possible that the distinct components arise from the cis-trans isomerization of the peptide bonds to the prolyl residues. An analysis using capillary electrophoresis under basic conditions identifies four components in the final product. Also, under similar conditions proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is able to confirm the presence of cis and trans isomers. The results from this study demonstrate the usefulness of each of the four techniques in identifying the isomerism of the standard amino acid-Pro bond with respect to the peptide's ionic state.