浅谈物理原理对物理实验的指导作用

实验原理是物理实验的核心，本文通过对具体案例的分析指出：正确理解实验原理是实验科学性的基本保证，深刻理解实验原理是突破实验难点的关键，掌握实验原理是领会实验设计思想的前提，挖掘实验原理的内涵则是教学创新设计的出发点．     

A catching trapp for all antiproton seasons

We describe the origin, development, and status of the Los Alamos antiproton catching trap. Originally designed for the antiproton gravity experiment, it now is clear that this device can be a source of low-energy antiprotons for a wide range of physics, both on site, at CERN, and also off site.We hope that the exciting physics that is now possible with captured and cooled antiprotons reflects well on the spirit that H. Walther has shown in his work. Most of all, we wish to join in on the admiring congratulations to H. Walther on the occasion of his 60th birthday Ach ihr Götter große Götter In dem weite Himmel droben Gäbet Ihr uns auf der Erde festen Sinn und guten Muten,... - Menschengefühl, Goethe     

Designing an RFQ ring trap for antiproton confinement and trapping and laser cooling Mg+ ions

Summary In the true sense of Bernie's approach to physics, an old idea (the Radiofrequency Quadrupole Trap) was taken and upgraded to be applied to a new area of physics (formation of an antihydrogen beam). During the course of the development work, new applications were identified and immediately put to use. While the collaboration is still pursuing its original goal, formation of antihydrogen by Bernie's reaction, collisions between positronium atoms and antiprotons, many new experiments have been found possible and are actively pursued. These include atomic and nuclear physics studies with ultra-low energy antiprotons ejected from the initial catching trap of the antihydrogen project, and the formation and study of exotic atoms and molecules in ultra-thin targets using trapped antiprotons (an extension of the work by the PS205 collaboration at CERN described elsewhere in this volume [10]). A large physics community has grown around these ideas and may even succeed in obtaining its very own antiproton source, which is a true sign of the recognition of the importance of this field. The work in this area will hopefully continue for many years to come, but we will truly miss the motivation and drive of our friend and colleague, Bernie Deutch.     

中国医学物理学的过去、现在与未来

医学物理（medical physics，MP）是把物理学的原理和方法应用于人类疾病的预防、诊断、治疗和保健的一门交叉学科，是物理学与医学实践相结合的一门独立的分支学科．它是研究人类疾病诊、治过程中的物理现象，并用物理方法表达这种现象．医学物理包括放射肿瘤物理（rsdiation oncdogy physics，ROP）、医学影像物理（medical imaong physics，MIP）、核医学物理（nuclear medicine physics，NMP），其他非电离辐射如核磁、超声、微波、射频、激光等物理因子在医学中的应用，和保健物理（heath physics，HP）等分支内容．医学物理学和生物医学工程学（biomedical engineefing，BME）是一对栾生的兄弟学科，分别从物理学的角度（前者）和工程学的角度（后者）研究人类疾病诊断、治疗及健康保健过程中的生命现象和采取相应的物理措施和工程手段。医学物理学与物理医学（physical medicine，PM）是完全两个不同的概念，前者是物理学的分支，后者是医学的分支．自上世纪60年代以来，中国医学物理学有了很大的进展，推动了中国现代放射肿瘤学、核医学和医学影像学的发展；成立了自己的学术组织，并成为国际医学物理组织（IOMP）的成员国组织．随着中国逐步奔入小康社会，为适应人民大众对健康的需求和现代化医院发展的需要，中国医学物理应该加快发展．     

综合设计性物理实验项目开发与指导方法的探究

文章首先提出开设综合性设计性物理实验项目的必要性,阐述其研究开发的思路,然后对综合性设计性物理实验的一些具体内容进行了探讨,并提出了有效的实验指导方法.     

ATLAS fast physics monitoring

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is recording data from proton?Cproton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7?TeV since the spring of 2010. The integrated luminosity has grown nearly exponentially since then and continues to rise fast. The ATLAS Collaboration has set up a framework to automatically process the rapidly growing dataset and produce performance and physics plots for the most interesting analyses. The system is designed to give fast feedback. The histograms are produced within hours of data reconstruction (2?C3 days after data taking). Hints of potentially interesting physics signals obtained this way are followed up by physics groups.     

Decoupling of the leading contribution in the discrete BFKL analysis of high-precision HERA data

The European Physical Journal C - Flavour physics observables are excellent probes of new physics up to very high energy scales. Here we present FlavBit, the dedicated flavour physics module of the...     

谈谈"理为工之本,工为理之用"--在高工院校教物理、建物理系的历史经验和体会

从建国以来，高等工业院校物理教师从事物理教育和科学研究的历史经验来看，一个十分重要的问题是要牢记“物理学是自然科学的主导”；“理为工之本、工为理之用”；“没有第一流的理学院，就没有第一流的理工学院”这三句话，并把它们作为指导思想，落实到从事物理教育和建设物理系的工作中去．     

在大学物理教学中培养学生的批判性思维能力--浅析开放性提问的作用

具有独立思考和批判性思维能力对于提高创新能力具有重要作用,但目前大学普通物理教学还侧重于知识的传授,缺少对学生批判性思维能力的培养和重视.本文从开放性提问的角度出发,阐述了如何在大学物理教学中培养学生独立思考的习惯和批判性思维的能力.文章举例分析了在科学历史、课程习题、演示实验和工程案例中挖掘开放性问题,通过以学为中心的课堂问答,激发学生学习热情和兴趣,增强课程的探索性和趣味性,从而达到提高学生批判思维能力的目的.     

Strangeness at the international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

The project of the international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), co-located to the GSI facility in Darmstadt, was officially started on November 7, 2007. An investment of about 1 billion euro will permit new physics programs in the areas of low and medium energy antiproton research, heavy ion physics complementary to LHC, as well as in nuclear structure and astrophysics. The facility will comprise about a dozen accelerators and storage rings, which will enable simultaneous operations of up to four different beams.     

工科物理虚拟仿真实验教学平台的建设实践

本文介绍了山东科技大学工科物理虚拟仿真实验教学中心建设历程。虚拟方正实验教学中心以山东省实验教学示范中心为依托,以创建国家级虚拟仿真实验教学中心为契机,通过围绕大学物理虚拟仿真平台的建设,从普通物理实验、近代物理实验和专业物理实验等几个方面展开系列工作,并提出虚实结合,有实有虚,实缺虚补的方针,对本校虚拟仿真实验教学方面建设所存在的问题及取得的成绩做了详细的叙述。     

多隙阻性板室(MRPC)的性能和工作气体关系的模拟研究

多气隙阻性板室(MRPC)以其优良的时间分辨率在粒子物理实验中被用作飞行时间(TOF)探测器. 国际合作项目RHIC-STAR采用MRPC作TOF. 我们已成功地制作出30多个MRPC, 并安装在RHIC-STAR上. 通过模拟计算软件Magboltz,计算了MRPC常用工作气体的物理参数, 并根据气体探测器物理机制, 重点分析了MRPC性能与其工作气体之间的相互关系, 此分析对优化RPC与MRPC混合气体组分是有益的.     

利用成像型速度干涉仪进行聚苯乙烯材料中冲击波调速的实验研究

利用一维实验,模拟了惯性约束聚变中烧蚀层中冲击波传输和多次冲击追赶过程.针对聚苯乙烯材料(CH)容易被X射线离化的问题,通过较详细的数值模拟,分析了用Au和Cu做阻挡层对冲击波信号的影响.利用两种不同的辐射源,研究了辐射源两个台阶强度变化对两次冲击信号的影响.经过分析,使用在Al基底上面加厚度为5 μm的Au膜以挡X射线的办法,获得了单次冲击在CH材料中加载和减速的清晰条纹图.利用在Al基底上加厚度为2 μm的Au膜和厚度为3 μm的Cu膜的方法,获得了两次冲击在CH材料中加速、减速和二次加载的条纹图.实 关键词： 光学诊断 冲击波调速 离化效应     

凝聚态物理学与材料研究的前沿问题

讨论了凝聚态物理学在当代材料研究的前沿问题中所起的作用，首先对，于那些基本物理学业已能晓的常规材料，极好的机会在于设计并制备出微结构和纳米结构，其次，对于具有强关联电子特征的复杂材料，虽则其物理学尚在探索之中，已有迹象表明这将是新材料的“富矿区”，再次，关于有机及聚合物材料，物理学正在向这领域延拓，在设计和制备分子和超分子结构方面，将会提供许多新的可能性。     

Implications of the Higgs boson discovery

With the discovery of the Higgs boson by the LHC in 2012, a new era started in which we have direct experimental information on the physics behind the breaking of the electroweak (EW) symmetry. This breaking plays a fundamental role in our understanding of particle physics and sits at the high-energy frontier beyond which we expect new physics that supersedes the Standard Model (SM). In this review we summarize what we have learned so far from LHC data in this respect. In the absence of new particles having been discovered, we discuss how the scrutiny of the properties of the Higgs boson (in search for deviations from SM expectations) is crucial as it can point the way for physics beyond the SM. We also emphasize how the value of the Higgs mass could have far-reaching implications for the stability of the EW vacuum if there is no new physics up to extremely large energies.     

Why Large Hadron Collider?

I discuss LHC physics in the historical perspective of the progress in particle physics. After a recap of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, I discuss the high energy colliders leading up to LHC and their role in the discovery of these SM particles. Then I discuss the two main physics issues of LHC, i.e. Higgs mechanism and supersymmetry. I briefly touch upon Higgs and SUSY searches at LHC along with their cosmological implications.     

The Legnaro Francium Magneto-Optical Trap

Hyperfine Interactions - Laser cooling and trapping of radioactive atoms represent the new frontier in atomic physics and a new powerful tool in nuclear physics. We are setting up at the...     

Commissioning and early experiments of the PHELIX facility

At the Helmholtz center GSI, PHELIX (Petawatt High Energy Laser for heavy Ion eXperiments) has been commissioned for operation in stand-alone mode and, in combination with ions accelerated up to an energy of 13 MeV/u by the heavy ion accelerator UNILAC. The combination of PHELIX with the heavy-ion beams available at GSI enables a large variety of unique experiments. Novel research opportunities are spanning from the study of ion–matter interaction, through challenging new experiments in atomic physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics, into the field of relativistic plasma physics.     

基于课堂演示实验的大学物理隐性思政教育

介绍了大学物理课堂演示实验在课程隐性思政教育中具有独特的优势,并结合教学实践给出在大学物理课堂演示实验中开展隐性化课程思政教育的策略.以课堂演示实验作为大学物理课程隐性思政教育的切入点,可以有效地实现"润物无声"式课程思政隐性教育,在潜移默化中实现立德树人.     

索尔维物理学会议的起源及其影响

介绍了索尔维物理学会议的起源及其影响.索尔维物理学会议是国际著名的科学会议之一.1911年在比利时首都布鲁塞尔举行了首次会议,它是在德国著名物理化学家能斯特的促进下,由比利时工业化学家兼社会改革家恩斯特·索尔维资助的.这次会议对当时量子论的发展产生了积极的影响.从此,索尔维物理学会议作为重要的国际学术研究活动被一直延续了下来.