Coherence vortex properties of partially coherent flat-topped vortex beams

The analytical propagation expression of partially coherent flat-topped vortex beams through a paraxial optical ABCD system is derived, and it then is used to investigate the coherence vortex properties of partially coherent flat-topped vortex beams in the Fourier transform and fractional Fourier transform systems. It is shown that in the Fourier transform system the coherence vortex depends on the flat-topped beam order N, spatial coherence parameter α and position (x ₁,y ₁) of the reference point, whereas in the fractional Fourier transform system the flat-topped beam order N does not affect the spectral degree of coherence. Furthermore, in both transform systems, depending on the choice of the reference point, the zero value point of the spectral degree of coherence may be present or absent. In particular, if x ₁=y ₁=0 is selected, the phase at the zero value point of the spectral degree of coherence may be determinate; thus the coherence vortex does not exist.     

部分相干平顶光束在非Kolmogorov湍流中的湍流距离

给出了部分相干平顶光束通过非Kolmogorov湍流传输的湍流距离解析表达式,并研究了非Kolmogorov湍流的湍流广义指数、内尺度、外尺度和光束参数对部分相干平顶光束湍流距离的影响。研究表明:湍流距离随相干参数、束腰、外尺度(当湍流广义指数的取值为3.6~4.0时)的增大而减小;随光束阶数、内尺度的增大而增大;随湍流广义指数先减小后增大,且在湍流广义指数取3.11时存在极小值,即光束扩展的极大值。同时利用湍流广义指数及光束参数,具体比较了湍流距离与瑞利区间的大小,并指出光束参数及湍流广义指数决定了湍流是否在瑞利区间内就能对光束扩展构成明显的影响。     

部分相干平顶光束在非Kolmogorov湍流中的湍流距离

给出了部分相干平顶光束通过非Kolmogorov湍流传输的湍流距离解析表达式,并研究了非Kolmogorov湍流的湍流广义指数、内尺度、外尺度和光束参数对部分相干平顶光束湍流距离的影响。研究表明：湍流距离随相干参数、束腰、外尺度（当湍流广义指数的取值为3.6~4.0时）的增大而减小;随光束阶数、内尺度的增大而增大;随湍流广义指数先减小后增大,且在湍流广义指数取3.11时存在极小值,即光束扩展的极大值。同时利用湍流广义指数及光束参数,具体比较了湍流距离与瑞利区间的大小,并指出光束参数及湍流广义指数决定了湍流是否在瑞利区间内就能对光束扩展构成明显的影响。     

Directionality of partially coherent annular flat-topped beams propagating through atmospheric turbulence

The closed-form expression for the angular spread of partially coherent annular flat-topped beams propagating through atmospheric turbulence is derived by using the integral transform technique. In comparison with previous work, the results obtained in this paper are more general. It is shown that, except for equivalent Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) beams as pointed out in Ref. [T. Shirai, A. Dogariu, E. Wolf, Opt. Lett. 28 (2003) 610], there also exist equivalent annular and non-annular beams which may generate the same directionality as the corresponding fully coherent Gaussian beam both in free space and in turbulence. The theoretical results are illustrated by numerical examples and interpreted physically.     

Propagation properties of radial partially coherent flat-topped array beams in a turbulent atmosphere

With the help of the tensor method, the analytical expression for the cross-spectral density of the radial partially coherent flat-topped array (RPCFTA) beams propagating in a turbulent atmosphere is derived, where the correlated superposition and uncorrelated superposition are considered. The average intensity, the spatial coherence properties and power in bucket (PIB) of these kinds of beams are investigated in detail. It is shown by numerical results and analysis that the average intensity and the spatial coherence of the correlated or uncorrelated RPCFTA beams will change on propagation and this change is dependent upon the correlation of the source's beamlets and atmospheric turbulence. In addition, the comparisons of the average intensity and the spatial coherence between the correlated and the uncorrelated RPCFTA beams propagating both in turbulent atmosphere and in free space are also given, and some interesting results are obtained. The laser power of focus ability of the single PCFT beam is worse than that of the correlated RPCFTA beam and but better than that of the uncorrelated RPCFTA beam when propagation distance in turbulent atmosphere is far-field plane.     

Paraxial propagation of partially coherent flat-topped beam

The propagation of flat-topped beam passing through a paraxial optical ABCD system is extended to partially coherent case and has been studied in detail. Based on Wigner distribution function (WDF), the irradiance distribution of partially coherent flat-topped beam is derived. Furthermore, two propagation parameters, such as M²-factor and Power in Bucket (PIB) are illustrated analytically and numerically.     

部分相干平顶光束经光阑衍射的偏振特性

根据光束的相干-偏振矩阵和传输理论,对部分相干平顶光束经正多边形光阑衍射的偏振特性进行了系统的研究.给出了部分相干平顶光束偏振度传输公式,并将高斯-谢尔模型光束以及部分相干平顶光束在自由空间传输的偏振度作为特例统一于一般表达式中.研究表明：部分相干平顶光束经光阑衍射的偏振特性与光阑截断参数、光束的空间相干性、衍射角、传输距离、平顶光束的阶数有关. 关键词： 部分相干平顶光束 偏振特性 相干-偏振矩阵 正多边形光阑 光阑衍射     

部分相干平顶光束经光阑衍射的偏振特性

根据光束的相干-偏振矩阵和传输理论，对部分相干平顶光束经正多边形光阑衍射的偏振特性进行了系统的研究.给出了部分相干平顶光束偏振度传输公式，并将高斯-谢尔模型光束以及部分相干平顶光束在自由空间传输的偏振度作为特例统一于一般表达式中.研究表明：部分相干平顶光束经光阑衍射的偏振特性与光阑截断参数、光束的空间相干性、衍射角、传输距离、平顶光束的阶数有关.     

Experimental generation of a partially coherent flat-topped beam

An efficient optical system is proposed to generate a partially coherent flat-topped (FT) beam theoretically. Furthermore, we report the experimental generation of a partially coherent FT beam based on the proposed optical system. The intensity distribution and the modulus of the square of the spectral degree of coherence of the generated partially coherent FT beam are measured. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical results.     

Effects of extremely strong turbulent medium on scintillations of partially coherent annular and flat-topped Gaussian beams

Scintillation index of partially coherent annular and partially coherent flat-topped Gaussian beams propagating in horizontal links is found at the receiver origin when these beams propagate in extremely strong atmospheric turbulence. Scintillation index of coherent versions of such beams attain unity saturation value whereas the decrease in the degree of source coherence results in the decrease of the scintillations. At a fixed degree of partial coherence, thin ring sized annular beams possess smaller scintillations than thick ones. For partially coherent flat-topped Gaussian beams, higher flatness yields smaller intensity fluctuations. In extremely strong turbulence, partially coherent annular and partially coherent flat-topped Gaussian beams have smaller scintillations when compared to partially coherent single Gaussian beam scintillations.     

部分相干平顶光束在线性增益(损耗)介质中的光谱特性

根据Li提出的平顶光束模型和部分相干光理论，推导出部分相干平顶光束在线性增益(损耗)介质中传输的光谱分布解析表达式，定量研究了部分相干平顶光束在线性增益(损耗)介质中传输的光谱特性，分析了近场和远场轴上光谱的变化特点，以及介质的增益(损耗)特性、光源的中心频率、空间相干参数以及谱宽等因素对光谱变化的影响. 研究结果表明，部分相干平顶光束在线性增益(损耗)介质中传输时，光源的中心频率、光谱宽度、空间相干参数对相对谱移量影响较大，但对光谱分布随传输距离的总体变化趋势影响较小，而光谱分布随传输距离的总体变化趋势则主要由平顶光束的阶数所决定. 关键词： 部分相干平顶光束 光谱特性 谱移 线性增益(损耗)介质     

大气湍流对部分相干平顶高斯光束的影响

采用相屏近似处理方法对激光通过湍流大气的传输进行了数值模拟。从数值模拟的结果拟合出两个公式：一是通过湍流前后部分相干平顶高斯光束的束宽平方比随阶数、传输距离和湍流强度的变化关系式;一是通过湍流后的相干长度随初始光束相干长度、湍流相干长度的变化关系式。研究发现：部分相干平顶高斯光束分解为相互独立的厄米-高斯光束的叠加;相干性越差的光束受到湍流的影响程度就越小;湍流对光束传输的影响与光束自身相干特性对其传输的影响之间是不相关的。     

采用衍射掩模产生白光横向平顶光束

白光横向平顶光束在定向背光式自由立体显示器中有重要应用.本文提出一种采用带蝶形小孔阵列的衍射掩模片获得白光横向平顶光束的方法.根据广义惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分和多波长叠加原理,推导出光强分布计算式.设计一套实验装置,数值模拟并实验验证出射光束在不同距离的横向光强分布以及小孔蝶形凹度(蝶形中心高度与边长的比值)对横向光强分布的影响.结果表明:当选择小孔蝶形凹度为0.50—0.66时,可以得到平顶因子F 0.89的白光横向平顶光束,横向平顶光束的宽度随着传输距离的增大而增大,而平顶因子基本不变.实验还发现柱面透镜的折射色散和衍射色散可以互相抵消,使白光横向平顶光束基本无色散.     

大气湍流对部分相干平顶高斯光束的影响

采用相屏近似处理方法对激光通过湍流大气的传输进行了数值模拟。从数值模拟的结果拟合出两个公式:一是通过湍流前后部分相干平顶高斯光束的束宽平方比随阶数、传输距离和湍流强度的变化关系式;一是通过湍流后的相干长度随初始光束相干长度、湍流相干长度的变化关系式。研究发现:部分相干平顶高斯光束分解为相互独立的厄米-高斯光束的叠加;相干性越差的光束受到湍流的影响程度就越小;湍流对光束传输的影响与光束自身相干特性对其传输的影响之间是不相关的。     

M 2-factors of a non-circular partially coherent flat-topped beam

Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel integral and the second-order moments of the Wigner distribution function, analytical formulae for the propagation factors (known as M ²-factors) of a non-circular (i.e., rectangular or elliptical) partially coherent flat-topped beam in turbulent atmosphere are derived. The properties of the M ²-factors of a non-circular partially coherent flat-topped beam in turbulent atmosphere and in free space are studied numerically and comparatively. It is found that the evolution properties of the M ²-factors are mainly determined by the parameters of the beam and the turbulent atmosphere. The relative M ²-factors of a non-circular partially coherent flat-topped beam can be smaller than a circular partially coherent flat-topped beam and a Gaussian Schell-model beam, particularly at long propagation ranges in turbulent atmosphere. Our results will be useful in long-distance free-space optical communications.     

Coherent and partially coherent twisting beams

We present coherent and partially coherent beams that exhibit transverse pattern expansion and rotation upon free propagation. Coherent twisting beams may be generated by a suitable superposition of Laguerre-Gauss modes, while a model for partially coherent twisting beams is given by a continuous incoherent superposition of lowest order modes.     

Matrix treatment for partially polarized, partially coherent beams

A matrix method is outlined for dealing with quasi-monochromatic, partially polarized light when spatial coherence is not necessarily complete and propagation occurs along beams. Both spatial coherence and polarization properties are described by a single 2x2 matrix whose elements have the structure of mutual intensity functions. Through a simple example it is shown that this matrix can account for differences that would not be revealed by a scalar treatment or by a locally defined polarization matrix.     

Propagation characteristics of tilted partially coherent rectangular flat-topped beam in turbulent atmosphere

In this paper, the effects of atmospheric turbulence on the intensity distribution of a tilted Rectangular Partially Coherent Flat-Topped (RPCFT) beam were studied. An analytical formula for the intensity distribution was derived. POWER In Bucket (PIB) value is calculated numerically. The effects of source parameters – such as correlation length, order of flatness and tilt coefficient – on the intensity were analyzed. Detailed analysis demonstrates that these parameters have an influence on beam propagation properties. The analyses are illustrated by numerical examples and graphs.