氟化钙的分子动力学模拟——晶态、超离子态、熔融态和急冷非晶态

采用键序参数方法研究了Ca~(2+)亚晶格和F~-亚晶格,表明两者均可用键取向正态分布模型描述。超离子相Ca~(2+)亚晶格稳定地维持其原fcc结构,而F~-亚晶格表现为原sc结构的随机畸变。熔融相的模拟给出了实验上难以分离的三种径向分布函数。急冷非晶相的模拟表明体系是以Ca~(2+)离子为中心的等效球的无规密堆,由于Ca(2+)与其邻近的F~-离子没有形成某种确定的构形,体系不够稳定。     

Cu-Ni合金结构的分子动力学模拟

采用EAM作用势对Cu-Ni合金的结构特性进行了MD模拟研究.通过FZ结构因子可发现,Cu含量的变化对结构因子的波动影响很小,键取向序参数和键对也表现出相似的变化规律,这表明液态Cu-Ni合金对成份变化不敏感,体系中的化学序较弱.将Cu70Ni30合金熔体的FZ结构因子与Waseda的实验结果进行对比,发现二者吻合得较好,表明EAM势可以很好地描绘Cu-Ni合金的结构特性.在快速冷却过程中,除了Cu20Ni80合金外,其他合金成份的双体分布函数的第二峰都发生了劈裂,标志着体系最终形成了非晶结构,而Cu20Ni80合金的双体分布函数却表现出晶体峰的特征.通过对键取向序参数、键型指数以及铜镍原子的有效扩散系数的分析表明,在快速冷却过程中,Cu20Ni80合金最终形成了hcp晶体结构.     

液铜快速冷却过程微观结构演变的计算机模拟

利用计算机模拟了在周期性边界条件下由500个原子构成的液态Cu模型系统以 4.2 * 10~(13) K/s的速率快速凝固的全过程。模拟在FS相互作用势的基础上，通 过双体分布函数、键对分析技术、键取向序等多种方法，对液Cu快冷凝固过程的微 观结构转变特性作了分析，给出了连续快速冷凝过程中液Cu原子间依靠相互作用力 形成的独特的微观结构图像。模拟结果重现了实验值，且表明在快速冷却过程中液 Cu没有形成body center cubic结构的倾向。     

二元合金Ag_(50)Rh_(50)从液态到非晶的分子动力学计算

本文对贵重金属银铑合金Ag50Rh50的液态结构和激冷过程进行了分子动力学模拟研究原子间作用势采用紧束缚势模拟在施加了周期性边界条件的常压状态下进行。采用了偶关联函数、键对分析技术和键取向序参数以分子动力学模拟计算方法揭示了Ag50Rh50的液态结构存在原子偏聚特征以及在快速凝固过程形成原子偏聚的不均匀非晶并与同族过渡金属进行了非晶形成能力的比较。     

二元合金Ag50Rh50从液态到非晶的分子动力学计算

本文对贵重金属银铑合金Ag50Rh50的液态结构和激冷过程进行了分子动力学模拟研究,原子间作用势采用紧束缚势,模拟在施加了周期性边界折常压状态下进行。采用了偶关联函数,键对分析技术和键取向序参, 分子动力学模拟计算方法揭示了Ag50Rh50的液态结构存在原子偏聚特征以及在快速凝固过程形成原子偏聚的不均匀非晶,并与同族过渡金属进行了非晶形成能力的比较。     

M_2M_2′Te_4型层状异金属簇合物的SCC—DV—Xα研究(M=Co、Ni;M′=Ta、Nb)

标题簇合物的电子结构采用电荷自洽离散变分Xα方法(SCC—DV—Xα)计算得到。在前线区轨道密集,具有半导体的特征;层状结构内存在离域性d-p(π+α)键,这是该类簇合物导电的依据;Ni—Ni或Co—Co之间不存在成键。描述了它们的态密度图,并说明了与合金的DOS图相似点。     

耐蚀合金Au3 Cu高温冷却过程中能量及结构转变的分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学模拟方法对液态Au3Cu冷却过程进行了研究,考察了不同冷却速度下Au3Cu结构变化特点,原子间相互作用势采用F-S多体势,结构分析采用键取向序和对分析技术.计算结果表明,冷却速度对液态Au3Cu能量及结构转变有重要影响,给出了不同冷却速度下液态Au3Cu结构转变的微观信息.     

HIV-1整合酶与抑制剂金精三羧酸复合物的分子动力学模拟

用分子对接程序(Autodock)将含有一个Mg²⁺的HIV-1整合酶核心区(以下简称IN-A)与抑制剂小分子金精三羧酸(简称Aurin)进行对接,预测其未知的复合物结构,然后用分子动力学(MD)方法对IN-A与Aurin的对接结果进行了950 ps的模拟.MD模拟结果发现,IN-A与Aurin形成了两个稳定的氢键,Mg²⁺也与Aurin上的氧原子形成了稳定的配键,IN-A与Aurin之间的静电相互作用能和范德华相互作用能的平均值分别为-205.8和-162.7 kJ/mol.根据MD模拟得到的IN-A与Aurin相互作用后的构象变化信息,我们对对接复合物结构进行了修正,给出了更加合理和稳定的复合物预测结构.本工作得到的HIV-1整合酶与抑制剂Aurin的结合模式信息将有助于设计和改造出效果更好的抗HIV-1整合酶的先导化合物.     

金属间化合物Al~3Fe熔体结构的温度变化特性研究

利用分子动力学模拟技术,详细考察了在快速凝固条件下AL~3Fe熔体结构的温度变化特征。结果表明:Al~3Fe熔体中存在不同类型的原子基团.原子集团是以各种各样的键对和多面体的形式存在的.利用键对分析技术,计算出了不同温度下的键对类型数和二十面体的两类键取向序参数,分析了Al-Fe合金在快速凝固条件下非晶形成的演化特点。     

分子动力学模拟研究线型聚乙烯链在强电场中的取向行为

本文将电荷平衡法(Charge Equilibration, QEq)方法应用于线型聚乙烯链(PE)的电荷分布计算,发现了非极性高分子PE链上电荷分布具有不均匀性,且端基带有较多的负电荷,随后通过MD模拟发现PE单链可在强电场中发生取向.通过QEq方法对达到临界缠结分子量的PE多链体系进行电荷分配,并模拟其在真空和本体条件下的取向行为,发现PE多链体系在强电场中也可发生取向.最后通过分析得出PE在强电场中发生取向的可能原因是分子链上电荷分布的不均匀性.     

超离子导体CaF2中的Ca2+亚晶格和F-亚晶格

CaF_2在熔化以前为超离子导体相。一些实验和理论的研究表明,在超离子导体相中,Ca~(2+)仍维持原有的面心立方骨架,而F~-则在Ca~(2+)骨架中运动。早期的分子动力学模拟结果表明Ca~(2+)的均方根位移仅约0.3A,而F~-的扩散系数可达2.6×10~(-5)cm·s~(-1),已是熔盐扩散系数量级。近年来的中子散射实验表明在扩散离子和近邻离子间存在着某种动力学相关。为解释这些事实,新近Gillan的分子动力学模拟表明扩散离子伴随着F~-亚晶格变形,而Kaneko和Ueda的分子动力学模拟则表明扩散离子伴随着近邻离子在同一运动方向的相关运动。进一步的研究尚待进行。八十年代初,Nelson等人提出了描述晶体、非晶和液态中键取向的键球谐函数方法。     

分子动力学模拟研究LiCl急冷非晶形成过程中的局部结构

The local structure of quenching process of lithium chloride has been studied by molecular dynamics simulation. The sequentially-quenched model was adapted. When the equilibrium reached at the melting point 878 K, the system was fastly quenched to 698 K and then the system relaxed to equilibrium. The process was repeated as above and the system was quenched to 498 K, 298 K, and 198 K, respectively, We calculated the quadratic invariants Q_l histograms at different temperatures by averaging the Q_l values of theinstantaneous configurations with the method of fond spherical harmonics statistics under equal neighbor number. Consulting the Q_l histograms of the linear combination model with a parameter of square deviation in which model the local diamond structure was predominant, we found that the Q_l histograms from the model and those from the simulation were very similar. The results showed that in the quenched LiCl system the local orientation obviously tended to be binary diamond structure (like GaAs) and the square deviation in model would be decreased with the lowering of simulation temperature.     

熔融LiF、KCl和互易系LiF-KCl的分子动力学模拟计算

The structure of molten LiF, KCl and LiF-KCl solution have been simulated by molecular dynamics method. The thermodynamic, structural and dynamic properties, such as the internal energy, temperature and pressure, the radial distribution function and structure factor, the mean square displacements, have been calculated.The structure have been studied with the following main results: 1, the partial radial distribution curve of Li~+-F~- ion pairs in LiF-KCl mixture exhibits a high first peak, whereas the first peak of the partial radial distribution function of L~+-Cl~- pairs in LiF-KCl mixture is lower than that of pure KCl melt. 2, there exists hole in molten salt, the size and the environment of the hole, the disintegration scheme and the mean lifetime of the hole are related to the radii of the ions.     

LiF-KF熔盐溶液局部结构的计算机模拟研究

本文用Monte Carlo法对同离子系LiF-KF熔盐溶液的局部结构进行了计算机模拟,介绍了计算方法和模型。计算了LiF, KF及Lif-KF混合前后正-正离子, 正-负离子, 负-负离子间位能变化, 各类离子的近邻离子排布规律, 以及各种形式离子团的组成比例。本文还讨论了在熔盐瞬时结构中存在的静电场的微区涨落。     

Anisotropy in computer-simulated fluids

This paper reports results of studies of the anisotropy introduced by periodic boundary conditions into fluids simulated by Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics methods. The anisotropy is probed by expanding the assumed directional dependence of the pair distribution function in spherical harmonics. Molecular dynamics simulations of a Lennard-Jones liquid have been used to determine the anisotropy as a function of system size and duration of the simulation. Although there is a measurable anisotropy even in systems of 256 atoms, the spherically-averaged, radial distribution functions calculated for systems of 32, 108, 256, and 864 atoms are all in reasonably close agreement.     

Solvation of U(IV) Ion in LiF and 80LiF-20CaF2 melts according to molecular dynamics data

The structural and dynamic features of solvation of the U(IV) ion in model molten LiF and 80LiF-20CaF₂ at 1050–1600 K were studied by molecular dynamics simulation.     

惰气熔融-红外光谱法测定7LiF中的氧含量

7LiF是制备熔盐堆冷却剂7LiF-BeF2熔盐的基础原材料,其杂质含量的多少与熔盐纯度及应用性能直接相关。采用惰气熔融-红外吸收法,建立了熔盐堆用7LiF中杂质氧含量测定的新方法。考察了不同助熔剂和加热功率等条件对7LiF中氧含量的影响,找到了较好的 7LiF中氧含量测定方法。在分析功率为2200W,用银舟做助熔剂,称样量为0.1 g的条件下对7LiF试样进行了测定,氧的相对标准偏差为2.9%;加标回收率为103-110%。结果表明,本测定方法易操作,速度快,能满足7LiF生产过程中的质量控制要求,为第四代先进核能反应堆用7LiF规模化制备提供了有力的技术支持。     

Molecular dynamics study of salt effects on micellization of N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propane-sulfonate

In this paper, molecular dynamics simulation methods were used to investigate salt effects on micellization of N-Dodecyl-N,N-Dimethyl-3-Ammonio-1-Propane-sulfonate (SB12-3) in aqueous solution. It is proved that micelle shapes transform from spherical to prolate spherical shape after 30.0?ns simulation with different NaCl and CaCl₂ concentration. By comparison with the eccentricity value without salt addition, SB12-3 shows salt tolerance behaviors due to its unique “inner salt” structure of amphiphilic surfactant. Radial distribution function (RDF), hydrophobic groups solvent accessible surface area (SASA), hydrogen bond, and the deuterium order parameter (S_CD) are to elucidate salt effects on SB12-3 micelle formation. The radius of micelle is achieved by the related RDF value and in accordance with other researches. The addition of NaCl and CaCl₂ didn’t change the structure of micelle significantly and have little effects on the interactions between SB12-3 and water molecule. By comparison with the results without salt system, SASA of hydrophobic groups is almost the same, and SASA of hydrophilic groups and total molecule fluctuates only slightly. This further indicates that the surface of micelles is more hydrophilic due to the strong interactions between SB12-3 and water molecules. The existence of NaCl and CaCl₂ will enhance the hydrophilic interactions.     

A density functional molecular dynamics study of the bonding and stability of Mg n clusters (n=2−13)

A study of the structure and the bonding nature of Mg clusters having 2 to 13 atoms has been made using the density functional molecular dynamics method within the local density approximation. The calculated lowest energy structures can be described in terms of a tetrahedron and a trigonal prism. Mg₄ and Mg₁₀ are magic clusters and Mg₁₃ is neither an icosahedron nor a cuboctahedron. The bonding nature varies from atom to atom in a cluster and the transition from weakly bonded dimer to bulk like metallic behaviour is oscillatory and slow.     

不同温度下熔融NaCl的分子动态学计算机模拟

用分子动态学方法对不同温度下的熔融NaCl进行了模拟计算, 得到了被模拟系统的偏径向分布函数、结构因子、配位数、马德隆常数以及Na^+和Cl^-的自扩散系数等。计算值与实验值大体符合。据此,还讨论了熔体的结构。