Conservative finite difference scheme for a singularly perturbed elliptic reaction-diffusion equation: Approximation of solutions and derivatives

A boundary value problem for a singularly perturbed elliptic reaction-diffusion equation in a vertical strip is considered. The derivatives are written in divergent form. The derivatives in the differential equation are multiplied by a perturbation parameter ɛ², where ɛ takes arbitrary values in the interval (0, 1]. As ɛ → 0, a boundary layer appears in the solution of this problem. Using the integrointerpolational method and the condensing grid technique, conservative finite difference schemes on flux grids are constructed that converge ɛ-uniformly at a rate of O(N ₁⁻²ln² N ₁ + N ₂⁻²), where N ₁ + 1 and N ₂ + 1 are the number of mesh points on the x ₁-axis and the minimal number of mesh points on a unit interval of the x ₂-axis respectively. The normalized difference derivatives ɛ ^k (∂ ^k /∂x ₁ ^k )u(x) (k = 1, 2), which are ɛ-uniformly bounded and approximate the normalized derivatives in the direction across the boundary layer, and the derivatives along the boundary layer (∂ ^k /∂ x ₂ ^k )u(x) (k = 1, 2) converge ɛ-uniformly at the same rate.     

Degenerate differential equations and modified Szász-Mirakjan operators

We consider the elliptic operator Lu(x):= xu″(x)+β(x)u′(x) + γ (x)u(x) with Wentzell-type boundary condition, in spaces of continuous function on [0,+∞[. We prove that such operators generate positive C ₀-semigroup which can be approximated by means of iterated of modified Szász-Mirakjan operators here introduced.     

Reduced measures associated with parabolic problems

We study the existence and the properties of reduced measures for the parabolic equations ∂ _t u − Δu + g(u) = 0 in Ω × (0, ∞) subject to the conditions (P): u = 0 on ∂Ω × (0, ∞), u(x, 0) = μ and (P′): u = μ′ on ∂Ω × (0, ∞), u(x, 0) = 0, where μ and μ′ are positive Radon measures and g is a continuous nondecreasing function.     

Fourier Analysis of Semistable Distributions

We consider the generalized convolution powers G _α ^*u (x) of an arbitrary semistable distribution function G _α (x) of exponent α∈(0,2), and prove that for all j, k∈{0,1,2,…} and u>0 the derivatives G _α ^(k,j)(x;u)=∂ ^k+j G _α ^*u (x)/∂ x ^k ∂ u ^j , x∈ℝ, are of bounded variation on the whole real line ℝ. The proof, along with an integral recursion in j, is new even in the special case of stable laws, and the result provides a framework for possible asymptotic expansions in merge theorems from the domain of geometric partial attraction of semistable laws. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Higher order Riesz transforms associated with Bessel operators

In this paper we investigate Riesz transforms R _μ ^(k) of order k≥1 related to the Bessel operator Δ_μ f(x)=-f”(x)-((2μ+1)/x)f’(x) and extend the results of Muckenhoupt and Stein for the conjugate Hankel transform (a Riesz transform of order one). We obtain that for every k≥1, R _μ ^(k) is a principal value operator of strong type (p,p), p∈(1,∞), and weak type (1,1) with respect to the measure dλ(x)=x ^2μ+1  dx in (0,∞). We also characterize the class of weights ω on (0,∞) for which R _μ ^(k) maps L ^p (ω) into itself and L ¹(ω) into L ^1,∞(ω) boundedly. This class of weights is wider than the Muckenhoupt class of weights for the doubling measure dλ. These weighted results extend the ones obtained by Andersen and Kerman.     

Solution to the boundary blowup problem for k-curvature equation

We consider the boundary blowup problem for k-curvature equation, i.e., H _k [u] = f(u) g(|Du|) in an n-dimensional domain Ω, with the boundary condition u(x) → ∞ as dist (x,∂Ω) → 0. We prove the existence result under some hypotheses. We also establish the asymptotic behavior of a solution near the boundary ∂Ω. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) 35J65, 35B40, 53C21     

A Fully Nonlinear Nonhomogeneous Neumann Problem

Let Ω be an open bounded set in ℝ^N, N≥3, with connected Lipschitz boundary ∂Ω and let a(x,ξ) be an operator of Leray–Lions type (a(⋅,∇u) is of the same type as the operator |∇u|^p−2∇u, 1<p<N). If τ is the trace operator on ∂Ω, [φ] the jump across ∂Ω of a function φ defined on both sides of ∂Ω, the normal derivative ∂/∂ν_a related to the operator a is defined in some sense as 〈a(⋅,∇u),ν〉, the inner product in ℝ^N, of the trace of a(⋅,∇u) on ∂Ω with the outward normal vector field ν on ∂Ω. If β and γ are two nondecreasing continuous real functions everywhere defined in ℝ, with β(0)=γ(0)=0, f∈L¹(ℝ^N), g∈L¹(∂Ω), we prove the existence and the uniqueness of an entropy solution u for the following problem,

The Singularities of the Distance Function Near Convex Boundary Points

In an open bounded set Ω, we consider the distance function from ∂Ω associated to a Riemannian metric with C ^1,1 coefficients. Assuming that Ω is convex near a boundary point x ₀, we show that the distance function is differentiable at x ₀ if and only if there exists the tangent space to ∂Ω at x ₀. Furthermore, if the distance function is not differentiable at x ₀ then there exists a Lipschitz continuous curve, with initial point at x ₀, such that the distance function is not differentiable along such a curve.      

线性时滞微分方程稳定性分析和数值例子

§ 1　IntroductionFunctional differential equations have a wide range of applications in science andengineering.The simplestand perhapsmostnatural type of functional differential equationis a“delay differential equation”,that is,differential equation with dependence on the paststate.The simplest type of pastdependence is thatit is carried through the state variablebut not through its derivative.Then the equation can be expressed as delay differentialequations(DDEs) .There are also a number…     

Positive linear operators generated by analytic functions

Let φ be a power series with positive Taylor coefficients {a _k } _k=0^∞ and non-zero radius of convergence r ≤ ∞. Let ξ _x , 0 ≤ x < r be a random variable whose values α _k , k = 0, 1, …, are independent of x and taken with probabilities a _k x ^k /φ(x), k = 0, 1, …. The positive linear operator (A _φ f)(x):= E[f(ξ _x )] is studied. It is proved that if E(ξ _x ) = x, E(ξ _x ²) = qx ² + bx + c, q, b, c ∈ R, q > 0, then A _φ reduces to the Szász-Mirakyan operator in the case q = 1, to the limit q-Bernstein operator in the case 0 < q < 1, and to a modification of the Lupaş operator in the case q > 1.     

Fundamental solution of the cauchy problem corresponding to the one-speed linear Boltzman equation for anisotropic media

We consider the fundamental solution E (t,x,s;s ₀) of the Cauchy problem for the one-speed linear Boltzman equation (∂/∂t+c(s,grad _x)+γ)E(t,x,s;s ₀)=γν∫ f((s, s′))E(t,x,s′; s₀)ds′+Ωδ(t)δ(x)δ (s−s ₀) that is assumed to be valid for any (t,x)∈Rⁿ⁺¹; morevoer, for t<0 the condition E(t,x,s; s₀)=0 holds. By using the Fourier-laplace transform in space-time arguments, the problem reduces to the study of an integral equation in the variables. For 0<ν≤1, the uniqueness and existence of the solution of the original problem are proved for any fixeds in the space of tempered distributions with supports in the front space-time cone. If the scattering media are of isotropic type (f(.)=1), the solution of the integral equation is given in explicit form. In the approximation of “small mean-free paths,” various weak limits of the solution are obtained with the help of a Tauberian-type theorem, for distributions. Bibliography: 4 titles. Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 250, 1998, pp. 319–332. Translated by Yu. B. Yanushanets.     

Quasilinear elliptic equations with boundary blow-up

Assume that Ω is a bounded domain in ℝ _N withN ≥2, which has aC ²-boundary. We show that forp ∃ (1, ∞) there exists a weak solutionu of the problem δ_p u(x) = f(u(x)), x ∃ Ω with boundary blow-up, wheref is a positive, increasing function which meets some natural conditions. The boundary blow-up ofu(x) is characterized in terms of the distance ofx from ∂Ω. For the Laplace operator, our results coincide with those of Bandle and Essén [1]. Finally, for a rather wide subclass of the class of the admissible functionsf, the solution is unique whenp ∃ (1, 2].     

Pre Stieltjes Functions

In this paper we characterize the class C_k{{\mathcal{C}_k}} of functions f on (0,∞) for which f(x), . . . ,(x ^k f(x))^(k) are completely monotonic for given k. In the limit we obtain the well-known characterization of the class of Stieltjes functions as those functions f defined on the positive half line for which (x ^k f(x))^(k) is completely monotonic on (0,∞) for all k ≥ 0.     

Differential operators associated with zonal polynomials. II

Summary LetC _κ(S) be the zonal polynomial of the symmetricm×m matrixS=(s_ij), corresponding to the partition κ of the non-negative integerk. If ∂/∂S is them×m matrix of differential operators with (i, j)th entry ((1+δ_ij)∂/∂s_ij)/2, δ being Kronecker's delta, we show that C_k(∂/∂S)C_λ(S)=k!δ_λkC_k(I), where λ is a partition ofk. This is used to obtain new orthogonality relations for the zonal polynomials, and to derive expressions for the coefficients in the zonal polynomial expansion of homogenous symmetric polynomials.     

Large solutions for equations involving the p-Laplacian and singular weights

In this paper we consider the boundary blow-up problem Δ_pu = a(x)u^q in a smooth bounded domain Ω of , with u = +∞ on ∂Ω. Here is the well-known p-Laplacian operator with p > 1, q > p − 1, and a(x) is a nonnegative weight function which can be singular on ∂Ω. Our results include existence, uniqueness and exact boundary behavior of positive solutions.      

Complete rank theorem of advanced calculus and singularities of bounded linear operators

Let E and F be Banach spaces, f: U ⊂ E → F be a map of C ^r (r ⩾ 1), x ₀ ∈ U, and ft (x ₀) denote the FréLechet differential of f at x ₀. Suppose that f′(x ₀) is double split, Rank(f′(x ₀)) = ∞, dimN(f′(_{x 0})) > 0 and codimR(f′(x ₀)) s> 0. The rank theorem in advanced calculus asks to answer what properties of f ensure that f(x) is conjugate to f′(x ₀) near x ₀. We have proved that the conclusion of the theorem is equivalent to one kind of singularities for bounded linear operators, i.e., x ₀ is a locally fine point for f′(x) or generalized regular point of f(x); so, a complete rank theorem in advanced calculus is established, i.e., a sufficient and necessary condition such that the conclusion of the theorem to be held is given.      

A Markov-Nikolskii type inequality for absolutely monotone polynomials of order <Emphasis Type="Italic">K</Emphasis>

A function Q is called absolutely monotone of order k on an interval I if Q(x) ≥ 0, Q′(x) ≥ 0, …, Q(k)(x) ≥ 0, for all x ε I. An essentially sharp (up to a multiplicative absolute constant) Markov inequality for absolutely monotone polynomials of order k in L _p [−1, 1], p > 0, is established. One may guess that the right Markov factor is cn ²/k, and this indeed turns out to be the case. Similarly sharp results hold in the case of higher derivatives and Markov-Nikolskii type inequalities. There is also a remarkable connection between the right Markov inequality for absolutely monotone polynomials of order k in the supremum norm and essentially sharp bounds for the largest and smallest zeros of Jacobi polynomials. This is discussed in the last section of the paper.     

Functional equations for Hecke-Maaass series

The Dirichlet (Hecke-Maass) series associated with the eigenfuctionsf andg of the invariant differential operator Δ_k=−y²(∂²/∂x²)+iky∂/∂x of weightk are investigated. It is proved that any relation of the form (f/kM)=g for thek-action of the groupSL ₂ SL ₂(ℝ) is equivalent to a pair of functional equations relating the Hecke-Maass series forf andg and involving only traditional gamma factors. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 96-01-10439). Institute of Applied Mathematics, Far East Division of Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Funktional'nyi Analiz i Ego Prilozheniya, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 23–32, April–June, 2000. Translated by V. M. Volosov     

Strongly Closed Subgraphs in a Distance-Regular Graph with <Emphasis Type="Italic">c</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript> > 1

Let Γ be a distance-regular graph of diameter d ≥ 3 with c ₂ > 1. Let m be an integer with 1 ≤ m ≤ d − 1. We consider the following conditions:

Semigroup approach for identification of the unknown diffusion coefficient in a quasi‐linear parabolic equation

This article presents a semigroup approach for the mathematical analysis of the inverse coefficient problems of identifying the unknown coefficient k(u(x,t)) in the quasi‐linear parabolic equation u_t(x,t)=(k(u(x,t))u_x(x,t))_x, with Dirichlet boundary conditions u(0,t)=ψ₀, u(1,t)=ψ₁. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the distinguishability of the input–output mappings Φ[?]:?? →C¹[0,T], Ψ[?]:??→C¹[0,T] via semigroup theory. In this paper, it is shown that if the null space of the semigroup T(t) consists of only zero function, then the input–output mappings Φ[?] and Ψ[?] have the distinguishability property. It is also shown that the types of the boundary conditions and the region on which the problem is defined play an important role in the distinguishability property of these mappings. Moreover, under the light of measured output data (boundary observations) f(t):=k(u(0,t))u_x(0,t) or/and h(t):=k(u(1,t))u_x(1,t), the values k(ψ₀) and k(ψ₁) of the unknown diffusion coefficient k(u(x,t)) at (x,t)=(0,0) and (x,t)=(1,0), respectively, can be determined explicitly. In addition to these, the values k_u(ψ₀) and k_u(ψ₁) of the unknown coefficient k(u(x,t)) at (x,t)=(0,0) and (x,t)=(1,0), respectively, are also determined via the input data. Furthermore, it is shown that measured output data f(t) and h(t) can be determined analytically by an integral representation. Hence the input–output mappings Φ[?]:??→ C¹[0,T], Ψ[?]:??→C¹[0,T] are given explicitly in terms of the semigroup. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.