矿物材料在超级电容器电极中应用的研究进展

矿物资源是人类社会发展和国民经济建设的重要物质基础,是人类社会生产和发展的动力,矿物资源的合理利用在人类的每一次进步飞跃中起着重要意义。目前而言,在能源社会的背景下,人类对矿物资源的利用也在越来越深入。同时,在能源储存方面有着很广阔的应用前景。本文通过晶系分类法综述了各类天然矿物材料在超级电容器上的研究进展,目的是为以后对天然矿物材料在电化学领域进行深入研究奠定一个基础。对存在的问题进行了分析,为下一步的研究提出了建议。     

Advancing global chemical education through interactive teaching tools

This perspective highlights our recent efforts to develop interactive resources in chemical education for worldwide usage. First, we highlight online tutorials that connect organic chemistry to medicine and popular culture, along with game-like resources for active learning. Next, we describe efforts to aid students in learning to visualize chemical structures in three dimensions. Finally, we present recent approaches toward engaging children and the general population through organic chemistry coloring and activity books. Collectively, these tools have benefited hundreds of thousands of users worldwide. We hope this perspective promotes a spirit of innovation in chemical education and spurs the development of additional free, interactive, and widely accessible chemical education resources.

This perspective highlights the development of interactive chemical education resources for worldwide usage. We hope to promote a spirit of innovation in chemical education and spur the development of new chemical education resources.     

人教版化学必修教材中英文教学资源的分析与应用建议*

化学教材作为最重要的化学教学资源之一,其中丰富的英文资源潜藏着重要价值,合理应用教材中英文教学资源,在提升化学教师的专业能力、推动学生思维发展、培养学生人文精神等方面都具有积极意义。梳理新人教版高中化学必修1和必修2中的英文教学资源,将其归纳概括为3大类:与基本概念和原理相关的英文教学资源、化学物质名词英文教学资源和常见的化学元素英文教学资源。对3类英文教学资源的内容及特质进行列举分析,同时对其应用进行探讨,提出相关建议。     

Neutron activation analysis at the research reactor center of IPEN/CNEN-SP- biological and environmental applications

The Research Reactor Center (CRPQ) of IPEN/CNEN-SP operates the IEA-R1 Research Reactor, at a nominal power of 2 MW thermal, on a 64 hour per week continuous cycle. The IEA-R1 is a pool type reactor, moderated and cooled by light water, with graphite as a reflector. One of the main activities of CRPQ is the neutron activation analysis, which is applied to many fields of research, in collaboration with other institutes and universities. The Research Reactor installations are also intensely used for human resources development in the field of radiochemistry and neutron activation analysis, at graduate and post-graduate levels. In the present paper, an overview will be presented of some of the neutron activation analysis research lines that are being developed, comprising environmental and health-related applications. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

翻转课堂:基于“慕课”资源的《药用基础化学》教学改革探索

"翻转课堂"教学新模式是以混合学习理论为指导,将传统的教学流程进行颠倒,它打破了传统的教学模式,为教学改革的开展注入了新的活力。"慕课"对于传统高等教育来说是不仅是挑战更是机遇,与其担忧慕课对传统高等教育的强有力冲击,不如借助其大量优质的教育资源,融于教学环节,实行翻转课堂的教学改革,从而提升教学质量。     

潮汕工夫茶校本化学课程的开发与实践

以潮汕工夫茶文化为背景,深度挖掘工夫茶潜在的化学资源,提炼成校本化学课程。进而按学生发展核心素养要求,将课程知识要点与育人计划有效结合起来,设计成课堂教学方案。在实践教学中,首先由宏观现象入手,剖析宏观现象与微观分子间的相互关系,建立起宏观与微观间的认知模型;其次,借助化学成分的提取原理,去认识茶艺师是如何利用工艺条件的细微变化,以及精妙的冲泡操作,来调和出芳香美味的工夫茶汤;最后,让教学在文化与科学之间穿插,在古典哲学与现代教育思想间对流,这不仅能引导学生探寻文化中的科学道理,培养其崇尚科学的精神;而且还能在茶艺中让学生了解潮汕先民泡茶追求天人合一的精神,从而领悟到做事应精益求精,才能给生活创造出无限美的人生哲理。     

将矿物学理论与实验知识引入基础无机化学教学的探讨

矿物学是与无机化学密不可分的兄弟学科之一。无机化学知识的一个重要来源就是人类对矿物的观察与研究,同时元素化学的基础研究也被广泛应用于矿物学。对于矿物的认识可以加深学生对于无机化学理论联系实际的感性和理性认识,并进一步熟悉相关元素的性质。本文从基础无机化学教学的角度整理了矿物学的理论与实验教学要点,并以多种典型矿物为实验对象描述其实验性质,并阐述如何结合矿物实例进行矿物学理论与实验的教学。将矿物学相关内容引入基础无机化学教学,不失为一种交叉学科与基础化学教育相结合的新模式。     

简论加强化学科技伦理教育的重要意义

化学科学与人类生活密不可分,对人类的可持续发展至关重要。若科技与伦理的关系不和谐,必定会影响到整个人类社会发展的和谐性。化学作为一门重要的自然科学,化学科技伦理在当前科技伦理教育中的重要地位日益突出,在教学中加强化学科技伦理教育具有非常重要的意义。     

暑期支教作为化学师范生实践课程的育人研究——以北京师范大学“化育英才”暑期支教队为例

北京师范大学化学学院对化学专业公费师范生的培养目标是面向全国各级各类中学培养卓越化学教师,并将"社会实践与志愿服务"作为公费师范生的实践课程之一。学生开展暑期支教项目,是参加社会实践与志愿服务的一种常见形式。本文以北京师范大学化学学院"化育英才"暑期支教队为例,证明通过重视暑期支教指导教师的指导作用,保障学生实践时间和质量,将学生自身成长与服务社会相统一,将实践内容与开设的其他课程相互补,在实践中体现知识的应用与学习相统一,不仅能使暑期支教项目成为化学专业公费师范生的实践类金课,而且能为化学专业公费师范生未来教师职业发展打下一定的基础。     

汽爆技术促进中药资源高值化利用

汽爆技术在中药资源高值化利用中发挥的作用正在逐渐体现:汽爆处理打破中药植物细胞壁的屏障结构,有利于有效成分的分离提取;汽爆过程物料自体水解发生去糖苷化作用使天然植物中的苷元与糖基分离,提高苷类物质提取和分离效率;汽爆应用于中药炮制和中药脱毒有高效、快速和避免有效成分流失等优点;汽爆处理有利于中药非药用组分如纤维素、半纤维素等的有效分离和利用,联产乙醇、丁醇等能源和化工产品。本文对汽爆技术在中药资源高值化利用中的研究进展进行了综述。     

化学类专业一流课程建设的思路与重点——以山东大学物理化学一流课程建设为例

First-class course construction is the foundation of first-class undergraduate education construction. Based on the understanding of the "Two properties and one degree" standard of first-class course, key characteristics of the first-class course construction are summarized as accurate positioning, clear teaching goals, good construction foundation, advanced pedagogy, first-class construction, remarkable effectiveness and preferential demonstration. Taking the construction of first-class physical chemistry course in Shandong University as an example, the course orientation, the determination of teaching objectives and the design and implementation of the teaching are introduced. The practice and experience of the course construction are demonstrated in five aspects as first-class foundation, first-class teachers, first-class resources, first-class pedagogical ideas and first-class achievements. It can be used as the reference for the future construction of first-class courses in other universities.     

木质生物质转化高附加值化学品

本文阐述了木质生物质转化为主要化学品的类型及其转化途径,提出了从木质生物质转化高附加值化学品的新思路.木质生物质通过一定的降解或分解途径,可产生很多有重要价值的有机小分子化合物,这些有机小分子化合物有葡萄糖、木糖、苯丙烷单体及二聚体,气态小分子如CH4和CO,液态小分子如有机酸、醛、醇,重要基础平台化合物糠醛、乙酰丙酸、木糖醇、乙醇等.通过这些小分子有机化合物的转化,可产生替代石油基产品的高附加值化学品,对可持续发展具有重要意义.     

Building capacity for undergraduate education and training in computational molecular science: A collaboration between the MERCURY consortium and the Molecular Sciences Software Institute

The Molecular Sciences Software Institute (MolSSI) is an National Science Foundation (NSF) funded institute that focuses on improving software, education, and training in the computational molecular sciences. Through a collaboration with the Molecular Education and Research Consortium in Undergraduate computational chemistRY (MERCURY), the MolSSI has developed resources for undergraduate and other early career students to lay an educational foundation for the next generation of computational molecular scientists. The resources focus on introducing best practices in software engineering to students from the very start to make their software more useable, maintainable, and reproducible.     

Building a new mind set in tomorrow fashion development through circular strategy models in the framework of waste management

Energy, food, and clothing are the three main components of humanity. Each one individually and all together contribute to climate change and CO₂ emissions, to the consumption of natural resources, as well as influencing social attitude and behaviour. The global trends of the fashion industry are projected to expand in value from $1.5 trillion in 2020 to about $2.25 trillion by 2025, presenting that the fashion request is on continual growth. As natural resources (e.g., water) to produce clothes and shoes are limited nowadays, more resource-efficient production pathways must be identified; moreover, natural materials must replace plastic fibres, natural colours must replace synthetic ones, and ‘buy-and throw-way philosophy’ must turn into ‘buy-less-and-these-are-needed’ as so to reduce the environmental footprint of the fashion sector. This work emphasized the necessity of developing a new business circular model for the fashion industry with the potential of providing plethora of economic opportunities in the framework of waste management. Clear vision and new strategy development in the fashion sector is proposed, including the involvement of customers, businesses and policy makers, driven by the promotion of circular economy through knowledge exchange, education as well as regulatory relief measures for a synergic transition towards the circularity of the fashion industry.     

含氮金属有机框架衍生的铜基催化剂电催化还原二氧化碳

With the development of human society and economy, the demand for energy resources has also increased rapidly. However, the use of traditional fossil energy leads to high amounts of carbon dioxide emissions, causing severe greenhouse effects. This, in turn, triggers a series of environmental problems. Harnessing renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy, and hydropower to replace the traditional energy sources is very urgent. Conversion CO₂ into value-added fuels and chemicals could be a useful strategy to mitigate the current energy and environmental crisis. It is well known that Cu-based materials are good electrocatalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO₂ (ECR-CO₂). However, they suffer from some disadvantages such as high overpotential and poor selectivity and durability. Therefore, the development of copper based electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity is essential.     

木质生物质转化高附加值化学品

本文阐述了木质生物质转化为主要化学品的类型及其转化途径,提出了从木质生物质转化高附加值化学品的新思路。木质生物质通过一定的降解或分解途径,可产生很多有重要价值的有机小分子化合物,这些有机小分子化合物有葡萄糖、木糖、苯丙烷单体及二聚体,气态小分子如CH4和CO,液态小分子如有机酸、醛、醇,重要基础平台化合物糠醛、乙酰丙酸、木糖醇、乙醇等。通过这些小分子有机化合物的转化,可产生替代石油基产品的高附加值化学品,对可持续发展具有重要意义。     

新工科视域下青岛大学应用化学专业创新人才培养实践

Owing to the rapid development of new technologies, new forms of business, new industries and the major national development strategies of "Maritime power strategy", the applied chemistry specialty of Qingdao University is reformed and upgraded according to emerging engineering education (3E) project and featured with "marine chemical industry and medicine". In this paper, combined with the revision of the professional training program, the specialty of applied chemistry has increased the characteristic courses and course module of marine resources chemistry. Meanwhile, the course content is reformed, and the characteristic talent training is emphasized, which is of guiding significance for reforming and upgrading the traditional majors with 3E concepts.     

稀土萃取分离技术方法研究

稀土在工业诸多领域中发挥着关键作用,在增材制造材料和介电材料等高新技术领域均显示出可期的应用前景。稀土元素的分离是衔接稀土资源与高性能稀土功能材料的关键过程,所以高效提纯稀土元素变得尤为重要。本文梳理了化学沉淀法、离子交换与吸附法、萃取色层法、溶剂萃取法、液膜分离法这些经典方法和化学气相传输法、氧化还原法、萃取沉淀法、微生物法、非平衡溶剂萃取法这些新技术方法的优缺点和适用性,侧重分析了这些技术方法在节能减排方面的最新研究情况,并展望了稀土分离提纯领域的重点发展方向,以期为稀土资源的绿色高效开发利用提供依据和借鉴。     

Multicomponent reactions and ionic liquids: a perfect synergy for eco-compatible heterocyclic synthesis

The efficiency of a chemical synthesis can be nowadays measured, not only by parameters like selectivity and overall yield, but also by its raw material, time, human resources and energy requirements, as well as the toxicity and hazard of the chemicals and the protocols involved. The development of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) in the presence of task-specific ionic liquids (ILs), used not only as environmentally benign reaction media, but also as catalysts, is a new approach that meet with the requirements of sustainable chemistry. The aim of this tutorial review is to highlight the synergistic effect of the combined use of MCRs and ILs for the development of new eco-compatible methodologies for heterocyclic chemistry.     

Can single-operator laboratories comply with all of the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:2005?

ISO/IEC 17025:2005 states that its requirements are “applicable to all laboratories regardless of the number of personnel” and would therefore include single-operator laboratories. However, there are reservations as to whether these laboratories can comply with all of the requirements without jeopardizing independence of judgement and impartiality. Similarly, there are some requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:2005 including staff supervision, internal communication processes and appointment of deputies that are considered unlikely to apply to a single-operator laboratory. The ISO/IEC 17025:2005 is widely used as the international standard of quality assurance by which accreditation bodies assess the competency of testing and calibration laboratories. There does, however, appear to exist, disagreement amongst accreditation experts when considering single-operator laboratories. Some accreditation bodies accredit single-operator laboratories, whilst others require additional human resources prior to granting accreditation. This discrepancy leads to unfair competition amongst laboratories as a single-operator laboratory by definition needs less resources (both human and financial) to achieve and maintain accreditation, compared with a laboratory where additional human resources need to be sought prior to and in order to maintain accreditation. The ISO/IEC 17025:2005 is in the process of being revised, and this is an opportune moment to address the issues aforementioned with the aim of removing ambiguity and enhancing clarity. In addition, the hope is to assist the accreditation bodies themselves to adopt a consensus approach when granting accreditation towards single-operator laboratories.