漆酚醛胺聚合物多孔膜的制备

以漆酚醛胺聚合物(UFDP)为成膜材料,利用水辅助自组装的固体基板展开法和水面展开法制备了漆酚醛胺聚合物多孔膜.研究了在静态(即不在聚合物表面吹扫氮气)高湿度环境下聚合物溶液浓度、环境湿度和固体基板等因素对多孔膜形貌的影响.结果表明,水面展开法更有利于形成单层的多孔膜而固体基板展开法得到的是多层的多孔膜.当UFDP聚合物浓度为6.0 mg/mL,环境相对湿度为90%时,用水面展开法制得的单层多孔膜的孔径分布较均匀.     

两亲性共聚物的分子设计与合成及其共混膜性能

从分子结构设计出发,采用自由基聚合、醚化、酯化、原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)、可逆加成断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT)等方法合成了一系列具有不同分子结构(包括接枝、嵌段、交替、超支化等)和链形态(包括直链、梳状、哑铃状、链球状等)的两亲性共聚物,并对这些聚合物进行了谱学表征和性能测试.将这些两亲性共聚物与聚合物膜材料(包括聚偏氟乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚醚砜酮等)进行溶液共混,通过相转化法制备共混膜,在成膜热力学和动力学分析的基础上,对共混膜的结构和性能进行调控.研究发现,两亲性共聚物在成膜过程中自发地向膜表面迁移富集,并进行自组装,在膜表面形成两亲性共聚物包膜,显著改善了聚合物多孔膜的亲水性和抗污染性能.此外,两亲性共聚物中的功能基团还可赋予共混膜某些功能特性,如生物相容性、环境响应性(pH、温度敏感性)、酶活性等.     

壳聚糖-聚乙烯基恶唑啉半互穿聚合物网络(semi-IPN)膜对pH的刺激响应性

研究了壳聚糖－聚乙烯基恶唑啉半互穿聚合物网络膜对ＰＨ值的敏感性,发现该膜在ＰＨ〈６时溶胀度迅速增加,在ＰＨ＝３．２时达到最大值;膜在不同ＰＨ值溶液中可交替溶胀收缩,且这种溶胀－收缩行为重复可逆。     

敏感性高分子功能膜的研究进展

某些高分子凝胶膜、膜表面或微孔内接枝改性膜、液晶膜具有化学阀的功能,其膜的通透性随外界环境条件变化而改变。详细介绍了ＰＨ、温度、电场等外界环境条件变化对此三类膜的敏感性及通透性的影响,以及敏感性功能膜在物质的分析与检测,混合物的分离与纯化过程中的应用前景。     

壳聚糖·聚丙烯酸配合物半互穿聚合物网络膜及其对pH和离子的刺激响应

壳聚糖·聚丙烯酸配合物半互穿聚合物网络膜及其对ｐＨ和离子的刺激响应李文俊王汉夫卢玉华汪志亮钟伟（复旦大学高分子科学系聚合物分子工程开放实验室上海２００４３３）关键词高分子间配合物，互穿聚合物网络（ＩＰＮ），水凝胶，壳聚糖，刺激响应敏感性水凝胶是一种...     

离子键交联聚合物囊泡的制备及对药物的负载与释放

通过双亲性接枝共聚物海藻酸钠接枝聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(SA-g-PNIPAM)与Ca2+之间的静电作用,在水溶液中制备了温度敏感性离子键交联聚合物囊泡,并以5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)为模型药物,研究了聚合物囊泡对5-FU的负载与释放性能。该囊泡疏水性的膜由海藻酸钠与Ca2+之间的静电作用复合形成。透射电镜研究表明,囊泡具有空心结构,直径在100~150nm左右。聚合物囊泡的最低临界溶解温度(LCST)为34.5℃左右。聚合物囊泡对5-FU具有较高的载药量和包封率,其药物释放速率随溶液p H值的增加而降低,随离子强度的增大而增大,表现出良好的环境响应性。     

环境响应性聚合物刷的制备与应用

聚合物在材料表面通过物理吸附或化学接枝所形成的刷子状单分子层被称为聚合物刷,环境响应性聚合物刷能够根据环境微小变化可逆改变自身的物理化学性质,高分子链构象呈现伸展或塌缩状态等,显示了潜在的应用价值。本文综述了环境响应性聚合物刷的研究进展,讨论了温度响应性、pH值响应性、光响应性聚合物刷的结构特征和环境响应性机制,以及聚合物刷的各种制备方法,并着重介绍了其在智能膜、药物控释、催化、自组装、分子器件等领域的应用。     

取向纳米纤维聚合物膜引导内皮细胞生长的作用

采用高压静电纺丝技术构建了聚氨酯(PU)取向纳米纤维聚合物膜, 研究了其引导人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)生长的作用. 通过扫描电子显微镜对PU取向纳米纤维聚合物膜的形貌进行了观察; 通过细胞增殖试验, 研究了PU取向纳米纤维聚合物膜对HUVEC生长的促进作用; 通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察细胞骨架中肌动蛋白、微管蛋白及纽蛋白纤维的形成情况, 探讨了取向纳米纤维聚合物膜对细胞迁移、骨架发育的影响. 此外, 还通过ELESA方法检测了生长在不同聚合物膜上的HUVEC分泌组织因子(TF)的数量, 探讨了取向纳米纤维结构对HUVEC抗凝血功能的影响. 实验结果表明, PU取向纳米纤维聚合物膜取向良好, 直径为300~500 nm; 该薄膜可明显促进HUVEC增殖; 引导HUVEC沿纺丝方向定向排列生长且呈抗凝血表型, 组织因子分泌量明显低于对照组PU光滑膜. 因此, PU取向纳米纤维聚合物膜可提供适合内皮细胞的良好生存与增殖环境, 在血管的修复与再生方面具有潜在的重要应用价值.     

CO_2选择性分离膜聚合物膜材料(I)

本文综述了 CO2 选择性分离聚合物膜材料的研究现状。概括了气体在固体聚合物膜中以溶解 -扩散为机理CO2 的传质特点。 CO2 选择性分离聚合物膜材料可分为 4种 ,传统膜材料的物理或化学改性、聚合物共混、新聚合物膜材料的设计与合成及有机 -无机杂聚膜。论文最后提出了 CO2 选择性分离聚合物膜材料的研究方向。     

二元聚合物刷体系相分离的计算机模拟

利用耗散粒子动力学(DPD)方法研究了二元聚合物刷体系的相分离行为. 发现组分间相容性的差别对膜厚的影响很小, 对纵向相分离结构中相区尺寸的影响则较大. 溶剂质量对控制聚合物刷膜的厚度和密度具有决定作用, 同时对层状膜结构也具有调控作用. 结果表明, 通过控制环境条件, 二元聚合物刷膜材料在快速且可逆地调节表面润湿性方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

Densities,speeds of sound,excess volumes and viscosities of binary mixtures of mtbe with tetralin and decalin at 303.15 k

Measurements of densities, speeds of sound, excess volumes and viscosities of binary mixture of methyl tert-butyl ether with tetralin and decalin are reported at 303.15?K over the entire range of composition. Excess volumes are measured using batch dilatometer technique. Sound speeds are obtained using ultrasonic interferometer. Densities are computed from excess volume data. Isentropic compressibilities are derived from density and sound speed data. Speeds of sound are evaluated on the basis of Jacobson's free length theory and Schaff's collision factor theory. The predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental results. The viscosity data are analysed on the basis of corresponding states approach. Excess volumes and deviation in isentropic compressibilities are negative and deviation in viscosities are positive over the entire composition range. The experimental results are discussed in terms of possible molecular interactions between unlike molecules.     

Review of Analytical Methods for Atmospheric Oxidants Measurements

Abstract

Instrumental and manual methods currently available for the measurement of atmospheric oxidants are surveyed. Techniques used in the United States are emphasized and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Commercial systems are evaluated in terms of general operating principles rather than of specific instruments. The ability of these techniques to meet the measurement requirements defined by U.S. Federal air quality oxidant criteria are discussed. Alternative chemical techniques that may have some advantages over the neutral, buffered KI procedure are discussed. Also some attractive, alternative instrumental procedures that are ozone-specific are presented. These systems are based on chemiluminescence and ultraviolet absorption photometry. Electrochemical and colorimetric methods for total oxidant measurements are compared. Finally, some data are presented on relationships of ozone and total oxidants.     

Contactless conductivity detection for microfluidics: designs and applications

Different methods for construction of contactless conductivity detectors (CCD) for microchip electrophoresis device are described in this review. This includes three main schemes of CCD for microchips, such as (i) the detection electrodes are placed along the microchannel from outside of the microchip and they are insulated from the channel by the cover lid of microchip device; (ii) the electrodes are placed across of the microchannel in the same plane and they are insulated by thin separation channel walls and (iii) electrodes are buried in widened part of microchannel and they are insulated from solution by ultrathin layer of silicon carbide. Specific issues related to the CCD on microfluidics are discussed, such as an influence of shape and magnitude of ac voltage and placement of electrodes and their insulation. Various applications for security, pharmacological, bioassays and food analysis purposes are described.     

钼、钨系过氧化物在Sharpless烯烃环氧化反应中的应用*

钼、钨系过氧化物是非常重要的Sharpless烯烃环氧化催化剂,有着非常广泛的工业发展前景。本文综述了钼、钨系过氧化物的种类,结构,合成方法及催化活性,分析了各种钼、钨系过氧化物的特点以及在催化环氧化领域的发展现状。同时,本文还讨论了钼、钨系过氧化物催化烯烃环氧化反应的机理。评述了在催化环氧化领域中两种主要理论——Mimoun机理与Sharpless机理的争论焦点及发展现状,以及计算化学对两种理论中间过渡态的研究进展,并且重点分析了Sharpless机理的过渡态结构。此外,本文还综述了影响钼、钨系过氧化物催化剂反应活性的各种因素以及质子所产生的副反应。最后,本文对应用于催化环氧化领域的钼、钨系过氧化物未来的研究方向提出了建议。     

Some Strategies for the Refinement of Disordered Structures with the SHELXL-97 Refinement Program

1 INTRODUCTION finement stage. The person performing the crysta- llographic manipulations works on numerical data The high degree of order in the arrangement of that are quite different from the diffraction images atoms in a crystal is a fundamental characteristic of on a computer terminal, and most often does not even the crystalline state, an ideal crystal being envisaged see the images. to be constructed of regularly-stacked unit cells, each The refinement program, SHELXL-97[1], has …     

Inorganic electrides

Inorganic electrides are a novel kind of ionic compounds in which the anions are electrons confined in a complex array of cavities or channels and the cations are nanoscale arrays of alkali metal ions that provide charge balance. In electrides the donated electron behaves like a low-density correlated electron gas, whereby the dimensionality of the electron gas and its electronic and magnetic properties are determined by the topology of the cavities in the host matrix. Unlike traditional electrides, in which alkali cations are encapsulated within an organic cage, inorganic electrides are thermally stable. The current inorganic electrides based on alkali metal loaded zeolites can be designed as useful reduced-dimensionality materials. Inorganic electrides are powerful reducing agents, and they are able to reduce small aromatic molecules to the radical anions within the channels of the zeolite.     

Synthesis,Redox and Spectroscopic Properties of Pterin of Molybdenum Cofactors

Pterins are bicyclic heterocycles that are found widely across Nature and are involved in a variety of biological functions. Notably, pterins are found at the core of molybdenum cofactor (Moco) containing enzymes in the molybdopterin (MPT) ligand that coordinates molybdenum and facilitates cofactor activity. Pterins are diverse and can be widely functionalized to tune their properties. Herein, the general methods of synthesis, redox and spectroscopic properties of pterin are discussed to provide more insight into pterin chemistry and their importance to biological systems.     

The Application of NMR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics in Authentication of Spices

Spices and herbs are among the most commonly adulterated food types. This is because spices are widely used to process food. Spices not only enhance the flavor and taste of food, but they are also sources of numerous bioactive compounds that are significantly beneficial for health. The healing effects of spices are connected with their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and carminative properties. However, regular consumption of adulterated spices may cause fatal damage to our system because adulterants in most cases are unhealthy. For that reason, the appropriate analytical methods are necessary for quality assurance and to ensure the authenticity of spices. Spectroscopic methods are gaining interest as they are fast, require little or no sample preparation, and provide rich structural information. This review provides an overview of the application of NMR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis to determine the quality and adulteration of spices.     

抗生素在水环境中的光化学行为

抗生素是在水环境中广泛存在的一类新兴污染物, 近年来, 由于其“假”持久性并能引起环境菌群的抗药性而备受关注. 光化学降解是水环境中抗生素类污染物的重要消减方式. 本文总结了水环境中抗生素光化学行为研究的最新进展, 介绍了抗生素的直接、间接和自敏化光解动力学, 评述了pH和水中溶解性物质对抗生素光解的影响及典型抗生素的光降解路径与机理, 讨论了抗生素的光致毒性, 最后对抗生素在水环境中光化学行为的研究进行了展望.     

异丙醇的O-H伸缩振动泛频光谱和分子构像

使用高灵敏的光腔衰荡光谱(CavityRingDownSpectroscopy)技术测出了异丙醇的O-H伸缩v=4、5振动泛频光谱,每个振动能级都有三个吸收峰,被归属为分子构像的O-H伸缩泛频吸收.给出了光腔衰荡光谱的振动泛频吸收的谱带强度公式,并求得分子不同构像在不同振动能级的O-H伸缩泛频吸收的谱带强度;同时利用局域模理论,求得分子各O-H伸缩局域模振子的机械频率(X1)、非谐性(X2)以及解离能(D).用密度泛函(DFT)B3LYP/6-31+G*理论方法优化了分子的各种可能构像,验证了分子存在反式(trans)和偏转(gauche)两种稳定构像,计算的分子的O-H伸缩频率及构像稳定性同实验结果是一致的.