软X射线激光用自支撑Zr滤光膜的制备及测量

利用直流磁控溅射方法制备了质量厚度为200 μg·cm-2,直径为20 mm的自支撑金属Zr滤光膜。用同步辐射光源和紫外可见分光光度计分别测量了滤光膜在软X射线和可见光波段的透射率,用俄歇电子能谱（AES）分析了膜中的元素含量。结果表明:Zr膜在13.9 nm波长的透射率达19%, 对可见光的抑制性能达43 dB。杂质、膜层氧化及表面污染是影响滤光膜软X射线光谱透射率的主要因素。     

软X射线激光用自支撑Zr滤光膜的制备及测量

 利用直流磁控溅射方法制备了质量厚度为200 μg·cm^-2,直径为20 mm的自支撑金属Zr滤光膜。用同步辐射光源和紫外可见分光光度计分别测量了滤光膜在软X射线和可见光波段的透射率,用俄歇电子能谱（AES）分析了膜中的元素含量。结果表明:Zr膜在13.9 nm波长的透射率达19%, 对可见光的抑制性能达43 dB。杂质、膜层氧化及表面污染是影响滤光膜软X射线光谱透射率的主要因素。     

臭氧化法表面改性聚苯乙烯薄膜

为增强聚苯乙烯(PS)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)之间的结合力,进而提高PS-VA双层空心微球存活率。利用臭氧化改性法在酸性介质中对聚苯乙烯薄膜进行表面改性,用红外光谱对处理后的表面进行了半定量的分析。结果表明：改性过后聚苯乙烯表面产生羟基、羰基等极性基团;接触角测试证明,处理后的表面由憎水变为亲水,并通过纳米压痕划痕法得到了处理前后PS与PVA薄膜之间的相互作用强度,臭氧化改性后PS与PVA膜间作用强度增大了40%。     

臭氧化法表面改性聚苯乙烯薄膜

 为增强聚苯乙烯(PS)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)之间的结合力,进而提高PS-VA双层空心微球存活率。利用臭氧化改性法在酸性介质中对聚苯乙烯薄膜进行表面改性,用红外光谱对处理后的表面进行了半定量的分析。结果表明：改性过后聚苯乙烯表面产生羟基、羰基等极性基团;接触角测试证明,处理后的表面由憎水变为亲水,并通过纳米压痕划痕法得到了处理前后PS与PVA薄膜之间的相互作用强度,臭氧化改性后PS与PVA膜间作用强度增大了40%。     

Mn掺杂对ZnO薄膜结构及发光性能的影响

利用脉冲激光沉积的方法在Si衬底上生长出了c轴高度取向的Mn掺杂ZnO薄膜.X射线衍射表明所有样品都具有纤锌矿结构,没有发现其它相,随着掺杂量的增加,c轴晶格常数增大.原子力显微镜结果显示:Mn的掺杂引起了ZnO薄膜表面粗糙度的变化.由光致发光谱发现,在387 nm附近出现了由于近带边自由激子复合引起的紫外峰,还有以4...     

自支撑聚酰亚胺/锆膜的制备及性能改善

 采用直流磁控溅射法制备自支撑锆(Zr)膜,采用二步法制备聚酰亚胺(PI)膜,在Zr膜表面沉积PI膜得到自支撑PI/Zr复合膜。均苯四甲酸酐(PMDA)和二甲基二苯醚(ODA)在二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)中反应得到聚酰胺酸(PAA),然后PAA高温亚胺化得到PI;PI成膜时采用提拉法成膜。经国家同步辐射实验室计量线站测定,实际测量结果与理论分析一致,PI膜的引入虽然会导致自支撑薄膜透过率有所下降,但在类镍-银软X射线13.9 nm波段PI(200 nm)/Zr(300 nm)和PI(200 nm)/Zr(400 nm)自支撑薄膜的透过率仍然分别达到14.9%和7.5%。     

自支撑聚酰亚胺/锆膜的制备及性能改善

采用直流磁控溅射法制备自支撑锆(Zr)膜,采用二步法制备聚酰亚胺(PI)膜,在Zr膜表面沉积PI膜得到自支撑PI/Zr复合膜。均苯四甲酸酐(PMDA)和二甲基二苯醚(ODA)在二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)中反应得到聚酰胺酸(PAA),然后PAA高温亚胺化得到PI;PI成膜时采用提拉法成膜。经国家同步辐射实验室计量线站测定,实际测量结果与理论分析一致,PI膜的引入虽然会导致自支撑薄膜透过率有所下降,但在类镍-银软X射线13.9 nm波段PI(200 nm)/Zr(300 nm)和PI(200 nm)/Zr(400 nm)自支撑薄膜的透过率仍然分别达到14.9%和7.5%。     

软X光激光用多层膜反射镜的设计与性能模拟计算

介绍在研制软Ｘ光激光用多层膜反射镜中发展起来的一套设计方法。给出了这类反射镜在现阶段所研究的部分Ｘ光激光波长下的设计结果。利用波动光学迭代方法模拟计算了反射镜的性能，并讨论了膜厚控制误差、表（界）面粗糙度等对性能的影响。     

聚苯乙烯多孔薄膜的密度梯度控制

利用单分散的SiO2微球自组装制备了含一种尺寸微球的SiO2胶体晶体和含多种尺寸微球的多层异质结构。对含一种尺寸微球的SiO2胶体晶体进行煅烧和刻蚀处理后,胶体晶体中空隙所占比例大于立方密堆结构的26%,形成了非密堆结构,而且刻蚀时间越长,空隙比例越大。在同样的热处理和刻蚀条件下,微球尺寸越小的胶体晶体被刻蚀的程度越高,结构中空气空隙所占的比例越大。对SiO2多层异质结构经过煅烧和刻蚀处理后,得到了空隙梯度变化的多层结构,以此为模板制备了密度梯度变化的聚苯乙烯多孔薄膜。薄膜各层之间形成了平滑的过渡,没有显示出明显的层间缺陷,且孔与孔之间没有出现3维有序多孔结构中常见的大的连通孔道。     

30.4 nm Cr/Al/Cr自支撑滤光片的研制

 依据材料的质量吸收系数和波长的关系,选择Cr和Al 设计和制备30.4 nm自支撑滤光片。在制备时以NaCl为脱膜剂,以热蒸发方式蒸镀Al,以电子束蒸发方式蒸镀Cr, 制备了30.4 nm的Cr/Al/Cr自支撑滤光膜,并对滤光片的表面缺陷进行了分析。通过显微镜观察,滤光膜均匀纯净,无明显针孔。Cr/Al/Cr自支撑滤光片在合肥国家同步辐射实验室进行了测量, Cr/Al/Cr厚度为5 nm/500 nm/5 nm和12.5 nm/500 nm/12.5 nm的滤光片在30.4 nm波长处的透过率分别为7.6%和4.6%,透过率曲线和理论计算基本一致。用紫外分光光度计测量得滤光片在200～800 nm波长范围的透过率小于0.02%,满足使用要求。     

Percolation approach to film formation from surfactant-free polystyrene particles

In this study, a film formation process from surfactant-free polystyrene (PS) latex particles is reported. Steady state fluorescence (SSF) and photon transmission (UVV) techniques were used to study the evolution of film formation. The latex films were prepared from pyrene (P)-labeled PS particles at room temperature and annealed at time intervals of 2.5?min above the glass transition temperature (T _g) of PS. During the annealing processes, the transparency of the film changed considerably. Fluorescence intensity (I _0P) from P was measured after each annealing step to monitor the stages of film formation. Evolution of transparency of latex films were monitored by using photon transmission intensity, I _tr. A drastic increase in I _tr and I _0P above the critical annealing times, t _r and t _c were attributed, respectively to percolation behavior of PS material from one side to the other side of the latex film. Critical exponents, β of percolation clusters were measured and found to be around 0.35 and 0.25 for I _tr and I _0P measurements, respectively.     

Improving the efficiency of thin film tandem solar cells by plasmonic intermediate reflectors

Thin film tandem solar cells made of amorphous and microcrystalline silicon provide renewable energy at the benefit of low material consumption. As a drawback, these materials do not posses the high carrier mobilities of their crystalline counterpart which limits the feasible material thickness. For maintaining the light absorption as high as possible, photon management is required. Here we show that metallic nanodiscs that sustain localized plasmon polaritons can increase the efficiency of such solar cells if they are incorporated into the dielectric intermediate reflector separating the top and the bottom cell. We provide quantitative estimates for the possible absorption enhancement of optimized bi-periodic nanodiscs that are feasible for fabrication. Emphasis is also put on discussing the impact of obliquely incident sun light on the solar cell performance.     

Fabrication and electrochemical properties of free-standing single-walled carbon nanotube film electrodes

An easily manipulative approach was presented to fabricate electrodes using free-standing single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films grown directly by chemical vapor deposition.Electrochemical properties of the electrodes were investigated.In comparison with the post-deposited SWCNT papers,the directly grown SWCNT film electrodes manifested enhanced electrochemical properties and sensitivity of sensors as well as excellent electrocatalytic activities.A transition from macroelectrode to nanoelectrode behaviours was observed with the increase of scan rate.The heat treatment of the SWCNT film electrodes increased the current signals of electrochemical analyser and background current,because the heat-treatment of the SWCNTs in air could create more oxide defects on the walls of the SWCNTs and make the surfaces of SWCNTs more hydrophilic.The excellent electrochemical properties of the directly grown and heat-treated free-standing SWCNT film electrodes show the potentials in biological and electrocatalytic applications.     

Nanohole 3D-size tailoring through polystyrene bead combustion during thin film deposition

A novel approach is presented for nanohole 3D-size tailoring. The process starts with a monolayer of polystyrene (PS) beads spun coat on silicon wafer as a template. The holes can be directly prepared through combustion of PS beads by oxygen plasma during metal or oxide thin film deposition. The incoming particles are prevented from adhering on PS beads by H₂O and CO₂ generated from the combustion of the PS beads. The hole depth generally depends on the film thickness. The hole diameter can be tailored by the PS bead size, film deposition rate, and also the combustion speed of the PS beads. In this work, a series of holes with depth of 4-24 nm and diameter of 10-36 nm has been successfully prepared. The hole wall materials can be selected from metals such as Au or Pt and oxides such as SiO₂ or Al₂O₃. These templates could be suitable for the preparation and characterization of novel nanodevices based on single quantum dots or single molecules, and could be extended to the studies of a wide range of coating materials and substrates with controlled hole depth and diameters.     

三氧化二铝-聚苯乙烯复合微球的制备

 以Al₂O₃-PS复合材料为原料，采用乳液微封装法制备出掺杂Al₂O₃的PS空心微球。三相溶液分别是两个水相：蒸馏水（W₁相）、5wt%PVA水溶液（W₂相）和3wt%Al₂O₃-PS溶液（O相，苯和三氯甲烷混合物作溶剂）。所得微球表面粗糙度低于50nm。     

Radiative properties of extruded polystyrene foams: Predictive model and experimental results

The radiative properties of extruded polystyrene foams (XPS) were predicted using morphological data and optical properties of bulk medium. A particular attention was paid on the modelling of the radiative properties of struts, which are located at the junctions between cell walls. The radiative properties of XPS foams were determined by adding the contributions of each particle (walls and struts) using the independent scattering hypothesis. Hemispherical reflectance and transmittance measurements were made in addition to total thermal conductivity measurements. Comparisons were made between theoretical and experimental results and some improvements were suggested to better improve modelling of foam radiative properties.     

Superhydrophobicity of silica nanoparticles modified with polystyrene

Polystyrene/silica nanoparticles were prepared by radical polymerization of silica nanoparticles possessing vinyl groups and styrene with benzoyl peroxide. The resulting vinyl silica nanoparticles, polystyrene/silica nanoparticles were characterized by means of Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The results indicated that polystyrene had been successfully grafted onto vinyl silica nanoparticles via covalent bond. The morphological structure of polystyrene/silica nanoparticles film, investigated by scanning electron microscopy, showed a characteristic rough structure. Surface wetting properties of the polystyrene/silica nanoparticles film were evaluated by measuring water contact angle and the sliding angle using a contact angle goniometer, which were measured to be 159° and 2°, respectively. The excellent superhydrophobic property enlarges potential applications of the superhydrophobic surfaces.