共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 85 毫秒
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随着能源危机和环境污染的日益严重,生物可降解塑料逐渐成为研究的趋势和热点。聚乳酸(PLA)具有良好的生物降解性、生物相容性、可再生性、高强度、易加工等优点,被认为是最有前途的生物降解聚合物之一。聚乳酸的延展性和冲击性能较差严重制约了PLA的应用,共混改性是一种经济有效的方法,从而解决其韧性不足的缺点。然而,PLA在热力学上与大多数聚合物不相容,为了获得性能优良的PLA共混材料,聚合物共混过程中需要加入一种有效的相容剂进行增容。近年来,PLA与不同聚合物共混时的相容性研究已取得一定进展,本文就其进展进行全面综述。 相似文献
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用DSC, WAXD和POM对Zn催化剂制备的左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)的熔体结晶行为进行了研究. 在95~125 ℃范围内, PLLA熔体结晶生成厚度约(14±1) nm的片晶, 该片晶不易发生熔体等温增厚. 对实验数据分别用Avrami方程和Arrhenius方程进行了计算, Avrami指数n=3±0.3, 表明PLLA以球晶形式生长, 其最大结晶速率温度为(105.0±0.5) ℃, t1/2约为5.2 min. 利用Lauritzen-Hoffmann(LH)理论对PLLA结晶机理进行了分析, 发现PLLA结晶的Regime Ⅱ和Regime Ⅲ的转变温度为107 ℃. Kg(Ⅱ)和Kg(Ⅲ)分别为4.57×105 K2和1.115×106 K2, 且Kg(Ⅲ)/Kg(Ⅱ)=2.4, 与LH理论值一致. 相似文献
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PLA/PBS/DCP反应共混体系的结晶行为研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过熔融共混法制备了一系列聚乳酸(PLA)/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)物理共混试样及PLA/PBS/过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)反应共混试样,采用示差扫描量热分析(DSC)法研究了物理共混试样结晶行为及反应共混试样的特殊结晶行为.结果发现,PLA与PBS的物理共混并未改善PLA的结晶性,而PLA/PBS/DCP反应共混时生成的交联/支化结构可起到异相成核作用,从而明显改善了反应共混体系的结晶性能,且随着DCP含量的增加,共混体系中两相结晶行为出现交替变化. 相似文献
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聚乳酸(PLA)受到伽马射线辐照发生降解,加入1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐(AMIMCl)与PLA发生接枝反应,可缓解其降解,得到咪唑阳离子接枝聚乳酸(PLA-IM).核磁共振(NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测试结果表明和直接辐照样品(PLA-S)相比,PLA-IM端羟基含量显著下降,分子量为PLA-S的3倍.利用偏光显微镜(POM)和示差扫描量热仪(DSC)研究PLA-IM等温结晶行为,发现其结晶时仍呈现球晶形貌,晶体生长速度变化相对较小,主要仍受分子量的影响,在相同结晶温度时,PLA-S的晶体生长速度最快,其次是PLAIM,而PLA-L最慢.咪唑阳离子接枝使PLA-IM成核密度显著提高,致使结晶动力学加快,当结晶温度≥125℃时,PLA-IM的半结晶时间小于低分子量的PLA-S.成核能力的提高是导致PLA-IM结晶动力学加速的主要原因.与共混物中离子液体降低PLA成核作用不同,PLA链上接枝阳离子后,离子相互作用有利于成核时高分子链段发生局部有序排列,促进晶核数目的提高. 相似文献
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为了探究四臂聚乳酸对线性聚乳酸结晶行为的影响,将四臂聚乳酸与线性聚乳酸的共混物在示差扫描量热仪(DSC)和偏振光显微镜(PLM)热台中加热到熔点附近的不同温度下恒温后分别进行了降温—升温程序,考察了四臂聚乳酸对线性聚乳酸的结晶行为的影响.结果表明,随着四臂聚乳酸含量增加,四臂聚乳酸在共混物形成的晶体中的比例增大且四臂聚乳酸有促进共混物晶体完善的作用,导致了熔融过程中熔点的上升.进一步研究证明,在共混物中完全熔融的四臂聚乳酸的支化结构能够促进结晶成核点的形成,从而促进四臂聚乳酸/线性聚乳酸共混物的结晶;而部分熔融的四臂聚乳酸能大幅促进共混物的结晶能力,这是未完全熔融的晶体的成核作用所导致的. 相似文献
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用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究聚乳酸(PLA)从熔体及玻璃态为初始条件下的非等温结晶行为,采用Ozawa方程、Mo法、Khanna法和Kissinger法对结晶动力学参数进行计算处理。 实验结果表明,这几种方法均适合处理PLA的非等温结晶过程,而Khanna法提出的结晶速率系数(CRC)能够方便地评价PLA相对结晶速率的大小。 PLA从玻璃态升温结晶比从熔体降温结晶容易得多,升温过程有利于晶核生成,而降温有利于晶体生长。 升温结晶时,升温速率2.0 ℃/min时,结晶焓(ΔHc)达到最大为27.1 J/g。 从熔体等速降温过程中,随着冷却速率的降低ΔHc单调增加,冷却速率为0.25 ℃/min时ΔHc增加到28.3 J/g。 在较低温度下从玻璃态结晶,主要表现为异相成核的二维生长方式。 在较高的温度下从玻璃态升温结晶及从熔体冷却结晶时,以均相成核的三维生长方式结晶为主。 与升温过程相比,冷却不利于晶核的生成,所以导致冷却过程总体ΔHc偏低,扩散活化能偏大。 相似文献
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聚乳酸(PLA)是目前合成生物可降解高分子材料中应用量最大的品种,可望逐渐部分取代聚烯烃而更广泛应用于各个领域。但PLA树脂结构决定的松弛特性导致其加工过程特殊的黏弹特性,使其熔体强度低、成型工艺特性不稳定并进而导致产品尺寸和性能不稳定。此外,PLA极低的结晶速率,使其在挤出和注射成型等较高冷却速率的实际加工条件下呈无定型态,进一步影响了其加工和使用性能。这些问题已成为PLA更大规模商品化应用的瓶颈。本文从通过调控PLA熔体加工过程的黏弹特性而提高其可加工性出发,综述近年来本课题组在PLA成型加工过程中熔体粘弹特性和结晶行为(结晶速率和结晶结构)调控方面的研究进展。 相似文献
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This study reports the compatibility of the biobased polymers poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- -hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA), as well as the effect of the addition of a reactive epoxy compatibilizer (REC) to the PHBH/PLA blend. The chemical structure, thermal performance, surface morphology and mechanical properties of the blends were measured using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and impact and tensile testing.PHBH and PLA were partially compatible, and a PHBH/PLA mass ratio of 80:20 was selected for evaluation with an REC. The REC decreased the difference between the glass-transition temperatures of PHBH and PLA, decreased the particle size of the dispersed phase of the PHBH/PLA blend and produced uniform particle distribution. Moreover, the REC improved the elongation at break and impact strength of the PHBH/PLA blend. These results show that the addition of an REC improves the compatibility of PHBH and PLA. 相似文献
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PLLA-PEG共聚物的非等温结晶行为 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
采用熔融共聚法制备PLLA-PEG嵌段共聚物, 用WAXD和DSC方法研究其结晶行为, 并用Avrami方程的Jeziorny修正分析了非等温结晶动力学行为. 结果表明, PLLA结晶明显, 而PEG结晶难以观察到, PEG的柔性能促进PLLA结晶. PEG分子量的增加和投料量的增加都能使得结晶温度升高, 结晶度增大, 结晶速度加快. 相似文献
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The effect of tetramethylenedicarboxylic dibenzoylhydrazide (designated here as TMC) on the nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization behavior of PLA was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). TMC shows excellent nucleating effect on PLA. With the addition of 0.05 wt% TMC, the crystallization half-time of PLA decreases from 26.06 to 6.13 min at 130 °C. The isothermal crystallization data were further analyzed by the Avrami model. The values of the Avrami exponent of the blends are comparable to that of neat PLA, indicating that the presence of TMC does not change the crystallization mechanism of the matrix. The observation from POM and WAXD measurements showed that the presence of TMC increases significantly the nuclei density of PLA but has no discernible effect on its crystalline structure. 相似文献
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Miscibility and Crystallization in Binary Crystalline Blends of Poly(butylene terephthalate) with Poly(butylene terephthalate-e-caprolactone) 下载免费PDF全文
Poly(butylene terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate-e-caprolactone) is a new A/AxB1-x binary crystalline blend with intra-molecular repulsion interaction. Using the mean-field binary interaction model, the value of interaction parameter between the butylene terephthalate and caprolactone structural unit was first reported to be 0.305. This blend exhibited different crystallization behavior from a typical homopolymer/copolymer blend, which was carefully investigated by di?erential scanning calorimetry. It was found that poly(butylene terephthalate-e-caprolactone) copolymers have a great effect on the pure poly(butylene terephthalate) chain mobility and poly(butylene terephthalate) crystalline lattice packing. In the meantime, the crystallization of butylene terephthalate segments in copolymers was restricted by the previously formed poly(butylene terephthalate) crystallites. The two constituents for blending can not form a co-crystal in the range of composition even if they have the same butylene terephthalate unit. It can be concluded that longersegments in a copolymer would be beneficial for the formation of a co-crystal in blends. 相似文献
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聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的自成核结晶行为 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了自成核对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)的结晶行为的影响. 研究结果表明, PBS的有效自成核温度处理区间为118~120 ℃. PBS经自成核处理后结晶温度提高, 可以在100~118 ℃温度区间内迅速结晶. 同时, 研究了自成核处理后样品在100~104 ℃范围内的等温结晶行为、动力学过程及熔融行为. 结果表明, 随着等温结晶温度的升高, 结晶速率变慢, 熔融曲线出现多重熔融峰. Hoffman-Weeks方程分析结果表明, 自成核处理对PBS的平衡熔点没有影响. Avrami等温结晶动力学方程适合分析自成核处理样品的等温结晶动力学过程, 获得其动力学参数K与n, 其中n值偏大的原因在于自成核的样品结晶生长点增多. 根据Arrhenius方程, 计算获得PBS自成核处理后等温结晶活化能为-286 kJ/mol. 相似文献
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We improved the recyclability of mixed poly(ethylene-terephthalate) (PET) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) bottle waste. We made uncompatibilized and compatibilized PET/PLA blends of different weight ratios with a twin-screw extruder. Then, we analysed the mechanical properties, the miscibility and the thermal stability of the blends with and without compatibilizers. From the change in intrinsic viscosities (IV), we concluded that different reactions occur between the polymer chains due to the compatibilizers. We observed that when ethylene-butyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (E-BA-GMA) as compatibilizer was added, the blends became tougher; elongation at break and Charpy impact strength increased, but Young's modulus of the blends decreased. In addition, the compatibilizers improved the thermal stability of the blends and this may have been caused by a number of mechanisms. 相似文献