甲烷氧化偶联W-Mn／SiO2催化剂上02-脉冲频率效应（PFE）的研究

采用频率脉冲反应方法，以Mn-Na2WO4／SiO2催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联为探针反应，通过实时、原位的四极质谱检测手段，研究氧物种对甲烷C-H键选择性活化的微观历程．首次发现了Mn-Na2 WO4／SiO2催化剂上O2-脉冲频率效应，即脉冲反应产物量随氧脉冲注入频率的增加而增加．研究结果表明。在反应条件下，Mn-Na2 WO4／SiO2催化剂上有两种活化甲烷的氧物种同时存在，它们活化甲烷的方式不同。     

La2O3/MgO催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联

研究了甲烷在La_2O_3/MgO催化剂上的氧化偶联。发现制备过等对催化剂的行为有显著影响。比较了催化剂的反应性能和体相结构,表明在MgO上存在着三种La_2O_3的状态:高分散La_2O_3是最活泼的;La(OH)_3不太活泼;而呈六方晶相的La_2O_3晶粒活性最低。在催化剂中加入Na_2CO_3和K_2CO_3可以改进催化剂的活性和选择性。还考察了反应条件如温度和空速的影响。     

甲烷在W-Mn体系催化剂上氧化偶联制乙烯

本文报导了w-Mn体系催化剂的甲烷氧化偶联反应性能,详细考察了反应条件对1.9wt％Mn—5wt％Na_2WO_4/SiO_2(W—34)催化剂反应性能的影响,并用XRD、BET、EPR、UV-DRS等方法对该催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,该催化剂具有较好的甲烷氧化偶联反应性能,在T=800C,甲烷空速=36,000ml·g~(-1)·h~(-1),CH_4:O_2:N_2=3:1:2.6的最佳实验条件下,其甲烷转化率为36.8％,C_2烃收率达到23.9％;研究还表明,C_2H_6,CO_2是CH_1氧化的一次产物,C_2H_4主要由C_2H_6脱氢而来,而CO则可能主要来源于C_2烃的表面深度氧化,催化剂的结构研究表明,在该催化剂中,w是以Na_2WO_4形式存在,Mn则以Mn_2O_3形式存在,而SiO_2已由无定型结构转变成u-方石英;W、Mn、Si之间没有形成新的化合物。     

甲烷在MnOx／SiO2催化剂上氧化偶联反应的研究

本文研究了催化剂MnOx/SiO_2在改进为连续进料反应条件下的催化活性及其催化反应机理.实验结果表明;锰负载量升至10(Wt)%时,甲烷转化率和C_2选择性均最高;进一步增大锰负载量时,催化剂中Mn_3O_4晶相形成,此时催化活性开始下降,说明催化剂中形成的硅酸锰盐与甲烷氧化偶联反应直接关联.反应初期,催化反应活性较高,但C_2选择性较低,反应几小时后,活性有所下降,但C_2选择性提高,最后.活性和选择性趋近稳定.进一步研究表明:催化剂中Mn~(2+)配位环境从反应前的八面体中介场转变为四面体强场,而且催化剂中Mn~(2+)浓度增大约100倍,说明Mn~(2+)浓度提高有利C_2选择性提高.反应稳定后的催化剂表面观察到Carbide(282.9 eV)和CHx(a)(X=0-3)(284.5 eV)碳物种存在,说明甲烷在催化剂表面吸附并分解:CH_4(g)→CH_3(a)→一CH_2(a)→→→Carbide,并讨论了甲烷通过CHx(a)在催化剂表面上迁移,直接偶联生成乙烯(X=2)和乙烷(X=3)的可能性.     

在Li2O／MgO上以脉冲法研究甲烷氧化偶联

在Ｌｉ_２Ｏ／ＭｇＯ上以脉冲法研究甲烷氧化偶联戚蕴石，卫上方（华东理工大学工业催化研究所，上海，２００２３７）关键词甲烷氧化偶联，晶格氧，脉冲法对甲烷氧化偶联（ＯＣＭ）的研究已有较多报道［１～４］，对其反应机理的研究亦取得了较大的进展．Ｏｔｓｕｋａ［?..     

甲烷氧化偶联W-Mn催化剂的制备及表征

本文详细报道了制备因素对Na-W-Mn—O/SiO_2催化剂反应性能的影响,并用O_2-TPD,XRD,FT-IR,LRS等方法对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,该催化剂的最佳组成是Mn 0.32wt％—Na_2WO_4 4wt％/SiO_2,由混浆法制备的催化剂具有较好的稳定性,连续反应30 h后,其甲烷转化活性和C_2烃收率均保持不变。催化剂的结构研究表明,Na_2WO_4与SiO_2发生了相互作用,形成有Si参与的表面钨氧物种,该催化剂具有较好的催化活性与表面钨氧物种的形成相关联,Mn的加入,可能大大提高了该催化剂中表面晶格氧的浓度,从而加快了CH_4的活化速度。     

碱金属氟化物/La2O3催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联

研究了碱金属氟化物添加剂对Ｌａ２Ｏ３的甲烷氧化偶联反应催化性能的影响，发现ＮａＦ的促进效应最明显，还研究了ＮａＦ含量对催化剂 批表面积、活性选择性的影响，发现催人上比表面积与活性存在着对应关系，温度改变，催化剂的活性选择性了将随之发生变化，在１０７３Ｋ，Ｃ２收率达到最大值，约１８．０％，应用ＸＲＤ，ＸＰＳ等技术对反应前后催化剂的表面组成和结构进行了表征。     

2%Mn2O3-5%Na2WO4/SiO2催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联反应动力学

在Ｍｎ２Ｏ３－Ｎａ２ＷＯ４／ＳｉＯ２催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联反应可用Ｒｉｄｅａｌ－ｒｅｄｏｘ机理描述，它包括均相及多相两个步骤。甲基自由基的生成是一个多相过程，Ｃ２烃的生成是一个均相过程。催化剂的活性同氧化速率和ＣＨ４与表面氧种的反应速率有关，Ｃ２烃的选择性与甲基自由基氧化速率常数和甲基自由基偶联速率常数的比值有关，这些常数均可从实验中求得。     

甲烷氧化偶联催化剂的研究

甲烷氧化偶联是化学工作者十分重视的新课题,并做了许多研究工作,Benson以氯为氧化剂在1700℃高温下反应^[1],Keller等使甲烷在金属氧化物格子氧上反应^[2],Hinsen等以PbO/Y-Al₂O₃做催化剂,氧做氧化剂进行偶联^[3],但乙烯和乙烷的选择率很低,J. H. Lunsford等则用Li₂O/MgO做催化剂,氧为氧化剂把乙烯和乙烷的总收率提高到19.4％^[4],但乙烯的收率低于乙烷。     

钠盐对甲烷氧化偶联LiCl／SiO2催化剂的影响

自从Keller等报导了有关甲烷氧化偶联的开拓性研究以来,有关该反应的催化剂探索研究的报导与日剧增。在众多的催化剂体系中,尽管LiCl有可能通过不同途径损失,但含LiCl的催化剂材料,仍以它的高活性和选择性优势,引起催化界的极大关注。文献报导Li/MgO催化剂和某些添加LiCl的担载或非担载的第一周期过渡金属氧     

Ce-promoted Mn/Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst for oxidative coupling of methane at atmospheric pressure

A series of Ce-promoted Mn-Na2WO4/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method, and their catalytic performance for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) was investigated at atmospheric pressure in a micro-quartz-tube reactor. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature program reduction (TPR) and BET surface area. Ce promoter increased surface area and Na2WO4 species dispersion, which enriched the amount of the surface species. In addition, Ce promoter in...     

Effects of operating parameters on oxidative coupling of methane over Na-W-Mn/SiO2 catalyst at elevated pressures

The effects of operating parameters on oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) over Na-W-Mn/SiO2 catalyst have been studied at elevated pressures of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 MPa under low gaseous hourly space velocity (GHSV) and low temperature conditions. Experimental results show that when the operating pressure is increased, C2+ yield slightly decreases, while the maximum ratio of ethylene to ethane remains unchanged. Moreover, it has been found empirically that increase of pressure does not affect the catalyst behavior permanently, the catalyst recovers its original low pressure performance without hysteresis behavior by reducing the pressure. Under the investigated conditions, when oxygen is completely consumed, the increase of GHSV leads to improvement in C2 selectivity, while C3+ and COx selectivities decrease slightly. The C2+ selectivity increases by increase of nitrogen diluent in the feed, but the C3+ hydrocarbons selectivities decrease with increase of nitrogen since it is possible that further dilution at high pressure may reduce the probability of collision between CH3 and C2+ hydrocarbons. During the stability test at high pressure, the catalyst performance remains unchanged throughout the 20 h running. The fresh and used catalysts were characterized using XRD, SEM and N2 adsorption-desorption methods. It was found that the phase transformation of the support from α-cristobalite to tridymite and quartz does not have obvious effect on catalyst performance at high pressure.     

OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE OVER Mn_2O_3-Na_2WO_4/SiO_2 CATALYST IN THE ABSENCE OF DILUTE GAS

The oxidative coupling of methane over Mn2O3-Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst has been investigated in the absence of dilute gas. 16.4% of C2 yield and 80.4% of the selectivity to C2 hydrocarbons were obtained at CH4/O2 = 8.5/1.5. The effect of flow rate on the selectivity to C2 hydrocarbons and CH4 conversion was different under the reaction condition of different ratio of CH4 to oxygen. The flow rate had a more remarkable effect on the selectivity at the lower ratio of methane to oxygen. The addition of steam into the reaction gas can increase C2 yield to some extent, but that of HC1 decrease the selectivity to C2 hydrocarbons.     

KINETIC STUDY OF THE OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE OVER La_2O_3/BaSO_4 CATALYST

IntroductionOxidativccouplingofmethanc(0CM)hasbccnthcsubjcctofmuchintcrcstrcccntl}Man}'mctaloxides,alkali-mctaI-promotcdmctaloxidcs-mixcdmcta1oxidcsandchlorinc-prom0tedmCtuloxidcshavcbecnf0undtobcactivcfor0CMHot` cvcr.thcrcisatprcscntnoclearagreemcntaboutthcmcchanismofthecouplingrcaction.T\`omodclsll1.thcthdeal-rcdoxandthcLangmuir-Hinshtt-oodmcchanisms.havcbccndcvcIopcdtodcscr1bc0CMreation-thecsscntialdiffercnccbctt"ccnthctt"omodclsisthatthclattcrinvolvcsadsorbedmothancasarcactionintcrmcd…     

甲烷氧化偶联Na2WO4-Mn/SiO2催化剂热效应的研究

采用固定床微型反应装置,研究了甲烷氧化偶联反应过程中Na2WO4-Mn/S iO2催化剂床层的热效应和催化性能的关系,考察了反应炉温、CH4/O2比和反应气体空速对催化剂床层热点分布的影响.研究结果表明,甲烷氧化偶联催化剂床层的热效应强烈依赖于反应条件.反应炉温越高,CH4/O2比越低,反应气体空速越大,催化剂床层的热点温度越高.结合催化性能和热效应关系的研究,为优化甲烷氧化偶联的反应操作提供了实验依据.     

OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE OVER Mn_2O_3-Na_2WO_4/SiO_2 CATALYST Ⅰ.CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVE SITES ON THE CATALYST

EPR and Raman spectroscopy have been used to characterize the catalyst. F-centers with EPR parameter of g=2. 0046 form when gas phase oxygen is admitted onto the catalyst reduced with methane at 800℃- Molecular oxygen plays an induced role in the electron transfer from W4 to the oxygen ion vacancy which is produced by methane reduction. Raman spectra give the further evidence for the production of lattice oxygen from molecular oxygen.     

Studies on the structure and catalytic performance of S and P promoted Na-W-Mn-Zr/SiO2 catalyst for oxidative coupling of methane

A series of Na-W-Mn-Zr/SiO2 catalysts promoted by different contents of S or/and P were prepared and their catalytic performance for oxidative coupling of methane was investigated to clarify the effect of S and P on the Na-W-Mn-Zr/SiO2 catalyst. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). From the characterization results, it is found that the addition of S and P to the Na-W-Mn-Zr/SiO2 catalyst helps the formation of active phases, such as α-cristo...     

Na-W-Mn/SiO2催化剂中的组分协同效应

 利用XRD, SEM和Raman光谱等手段对Na-W-Mn/SiO2催化剂中形成的物相、活性组分在载体表面的分散度以及催化剂表面的金属中心结构进行了研究. 结果表明,组分间的相互作用对各活性组分在催化剂中的存在形式有重要影响. 在无定形氧化硅表面, W以八面体六配位WO3形式存在,在α方石英表面, W以四面体四配位的WO4形式存在. 没有组分Na时, W或Mn在催化剂表面以氧化物颗粒形式存在; Na的加入不仅可大大提高W或Mn在催化剂表面的分散度,而且可使WO4四面体的结构变得十分均一. 反应性能研究还表明, Na和Mn之间存在很强的电子相互作用,对于含Mn催化剂的选择性具有重要影响.     

Na-W-Mn/SiO2催化剂中的金属-载体作用

研究了Na-W-Mn/SiO₂催化剂中不同活性组份对载体结构的影响.结果表明,Na的诱导作用使无定型氧化硅在焙烧过程中相变为α-方石英结构,同时伴有比表面积的大幅度下降;单独担载Na时,硅小球经焙烧后基本无微孔存在,担载W则能使硅小球焙烧后形成较为均一的微米孔道.SiO₂载体在Na和W作用下发生的结构变化对催化剂的选择性起重要作用.