锈层下碳钢和耐候钢的微区和宏观腐蚀电化学行为

采用扫描电化学显微镜(SECM), 辅以极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS), 并结合SEM和XRD研究了耐候钢和碳钢在干湿交替环境下的腐蚀行为, 包括微区阳极溶解过程和阴极还原行为、 宏观腐蚀过程和微观结构及组成等. SECM测试结果表明, 锈层下碳钢和耐候钢的腐蚀过程都受阳极控制, 锈层的存在促进氧的还原. 宏观和微区电化学测试结果均表明, 在实验周期内, 初期形成的锈层降低了Fe阳极溶解速率, 从而提高碳钢和耐候钢的耐蚀性能, 后期形成的锈层由于其组成和结构特征的变化, 2种钢的腐蚀速率增加; 同时耐候钢的腐蚀速率较碳钢大, 且氧还原也较碳钢强, 有利于锈层的形成, 从而有利于长期的防护, 但是耐候钢的锈层在短期内并没有很好的保护性. 锈层不够致密, 呈疏松多孔状, 其组成主要有晶态的γ-FeOOH, Fe₃O₄和γ-Fe₂O₃等, 相同的干湿循环条件制备的耐候钢锈层较碳钢厚.     

用电解法采集钢样和测定不锈钢中固溶钛

用由阴离子交换膜隔开的三室电解池作为采样器,电解法采集１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢样品,并测定其中固溶钛的含量。测定结果和酸溶样法的一致。文中讨论了采样原理、采集质量的确定方法,电解质及电解电流的选择。     

Impedance of Magnetite-Coated Steel Electrodes

Steel electrodes coated with magnetite of different defectiveness are studied by the electrochemical impedance method. In a borate buffer, the impedance is adequately described by an equivalent circuit for a passive steel electrode. The magnetite coating defectiveness can be evaluated from the frequency peak shift in a Bode diagram.     

实验探究钢铁的腐蚀

在电化学的教学中,很多教师普遍认为钢铁在酸性环境下发生析氢腐蚀,在碱性或中性环境下发生吸氧腐蚀。。笔者对此进行了多次实验,发现此结论有误。这里和同行们一起探讨。     

提高普通低碳钢冷镦性能的工艺研究

本文分析比较了普通低碳Q195钢与冷镦钢生产工艺、性能组织等情况,对武钢目前生产的Q195钢进了取样冷镦试验,并进行了不同的控冷工艺轧制试验.提出在武钢目前炼钢生产条件下,采用适当的轧制工艺,完全可以用普通低碳Q195钢代替部分铆螺钢.     

含铈不锈钢的抗菌性能

以00Cr18Ni9不锈钢成分为基础,添加0～5%的稀土元素铈（Ce）.利用电子探针分析了加铈（Ce）不锈钢中Ce的分布;用化学分析法测定了含铈不锈钢中铈（Ce）和碳（C）的含量;用X射线衍射方法测试了含铈（Ce）不锈钢中铈（Ce）的析出相成分;采用贴膜法测试了含Ce不锈钢对大肠杆菌ATCC 8099、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 6538的抗菌性能.结果表明： 含Ce不锈钢具有优异的抗菌性能,与含Cu抗菌不锈钢相比,含Ce不锈钢无需时效热处理就具有优异的抗菌性能.并讨论了含Ce不锈钢的抗菌机制.     

锈层下碳钢的腐蚀电化学行为特征

采用极化曲线、线性极化电阻(LPR)和电化学阻抗(EIS)研究了海水中带锈碳钢的电化学行为,结果发现:长期浸泡的内锈层对电极过程有较大影响;短期浸泡,LPR和EIS测定的极化电阻(Rp)逐渐增大;而长期浸泡,Rp却逐渐减小;随着浸泡时间的延长,Rp出现了先增大后减小的变化趋势.将锈层逐层剥离后研究了碳钢的电化学行为,并结合傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱和横截面结构分析表明,这主要是因为长期浸泡后,内锈层中出现了具有较高电化学活性的β-FeOOH,并且其含量随着浸泡时间的延长而逐渐增加.当进行电化学测试时,在对体系进行一定程度极化的过程中,β-FeOOH参与了阴极还原反应,使电极过程不再是简单的阳极金属溶解和阴极氧还原,加快了阴极反应速度,从而导致Rp逐渐减小.     

钢中夹杂物的电解萃取

介绍了一种有机溶液电解萃取和检测钢中非金属夹杂物的方法,能将含氧化物、硅酸钙、硅铝酸钙夹杂物从钢试样中完整无损地提取出来,并直接观察其三维立体形貌。并将夹杂物进行了统计分析,得到夹杂物的形貌、类型、尺寸、元素组成及数量分布,对炼钢生产过程的控制和优化有一定的指导作用。     

模拟地热水中304不锈钢管和镀锌钢管的腐蚀与结垢

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和电化学测试的方法研究了304不锈钢管和镀锌钢管在模拟地热水(我国中部平原地热水的环境条件)中的腐蚀与结垢行为.结果表明,不锈钢管的结垢产物为"针"状物,其组成主要为CaCO3和MgCO3;镀锌钢管的腐蚀与结垢产物为"球"状物和"针"状物,其组成主要为Zn(OH)2、ZnO和CaCO3;腐蚀产物与结垢产物在晶核的形成生长过程中往往存在相互作用,同时它们在基材表面的分布对镀锌钢管的进一步腐蚀产生一定的抑制作用.     

破片钢光谱标准样品的制备

研制了一种用于制备破片钢光谱标准物质的多孔浇注系统。介绍了该多孔浇铸系统的结构以及利用该系统制备光谱标准样品的过程。利用该系统制备的破片钢光谱标准样品均匀性良好,同时,该系统具有很好的灵活性,可以制备不同尺寸、不同质量的各种破片钢光谱标准样品。     

Development of Heteropolysiloxane Coatings on Electrogalvanized Steel

The development of heteropolysiloxane coatings on electrogalvanized steel by sol-gel processing has been studied from the sol state to the solid state using techniques such as 29Si NMR, SIMS, XPS, and the three point flexure test. It was possible, from the results obtained, to propose a simplified model for the coatings which brings into play two layers of differing molecular structure: an extremelly thin internal layer and an outer layer, respectively called the anchoring and volume layers.     

ICP-AES法测定钢中的铈

建立了离子体发射光谱仪测定钢中铈元素的方法。为消除共存元素对铈分析游线的光谱干扰,选择Ce413．380nm作为分析线,铈含量在0．005％-0．50％之间工作曲线线性良好。对于含量范围在0．005％-0．10％的铈元素,回收率为85．6％-12．5％,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于9．74％（n=8）;对于含量范围在0．10％-0．50％的铈元素,回收率为99．5％-103．0％,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于3．52％（n=8）。该方法适宜钢中含量范围在O．005％-0．50％的铈元素的测定。     

Particle Emission from Welding of Painted Steel

The particulate emission caused by welding of steel plates covered with 29 diversified shop primers has been investigated. The investigation includes the determination of particle mass, particle size distribution, and of the contents of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium. The results show that all investigated primers except those with high concentration of zinc pigment produce mass emissions which are very low in comparison to manual arc welding with covered electrode and CO₂-welding on uncoated steel. The emitted particles of the primers are smaller than 1 μm particle diameter and therefore respirable. Lead and cadmium was found in particles emitted during the welding process of all investigated primers. The highest amount was found in particles of primers with high contents of zinc and ferric oxide.     

含锡易切削钢的初步研究

以金属锡和锡矿粉替代铅,研制了一种新型含锡的易切削钢,并进行了切削和力性测试.结果表明,在一定含量范围内,锡能明显改善钢的易切削性能,对力学性能无不利影响.用扫描电镜和能谱对钢中的夹杂物和断口进行了观察和鉴定,表明在晶界及夹杂物附近锡有较大程度的偏聚.     

Analysis of the Acid Passivation of Stainless Steel

Abstract

Passivation of 304 and 316 stainless steels in various acid solutions was studied as a function of exposure time and acid concentration. Nitric acid, citric acid, and the commercial Citrisurf (a commercial citric acid–based passivating solution, Stellar Solutions, USA) were compared. The materials were studied by low‐angle PXRD (powder x‐ray diffraction), XRF (x‐ray fluorescence), SEM (secondary electron microscopy), and XPS (x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy). As might be expected, the measurements showed increased Cr:Fe ratios at the surface following acid passivation. Using the combination of characterization methods, it was possible to generate concentration‐depth profiles, and these suggest that chromium enrichment can penetrate several micrometers into the surface for nitric acid treatment, and this is related to some surface damage. The low‐angle PXRD work illustrated that complex phases are formed at the passivated surface, and these phases exhibit a rich structural chemistry. It is concluded that citric acid–based passivating agents result in more coherent oxide surfaces that are more resistant to corrosion.     

SIMS Characterisation of Aluminum-Alloyed Hot Isostatic Pressed Steel

 Recently, interest in steel alloyed with∼1% Al increased. These materials are expected to show a higher resistance against oxidation at high temperatures which will improve their performance when used as high-speed-steels. Furthermore, efforts have been made to combine the advantages of Al-steels with those of powder-metallurgic methods like hotisostatic-pressing (hip). This should result in a better macro- and microscopic homogeneity of the distribution of all compounds, yielding less waste-production and a longer life-time of products. In order to gain deeper insights in the process of “hipping” of the considered material and to see the distribution of both main as well as trace components, 2D and 3D-SIMS measurements of the material were performed before and after having undergone the hip process. The measurements showed enrichments of Na, K, Mg, Ca, and S at the particle boundaries before as well as after the hip-process. In the hipped material, the enrichments are significantly stronger in the spatial domains in-between larger particles. They also reveal, that the concentration of C is not equal in all particles and that the particles are covered with an Al₂O₃-layer which is not dispersed by the hip-process. There were also found small (∼50–100 nm) nitride-precipitates before as well as after the hip-process.     

分光光度法测定合金钢中的钼

建立了采用氯化亚锡还原-分光光度法测定合金钢中钼的方法,研究了实验条件对检测结果的影响,用测定已知钼含量的合金钢标准样品,选定最佳检测条件,在选定的实验条件下对样品中钼含量进行检测,其结果与传统的测钼方法得到的结果吻合,方法省时省试剂,能快速准确测得合金钢中的钼。     

双相不锈钢的选择性腐蚀研究(英文)

双相不锈钢中的铁素体(α相)和奥氏体(γ相)具有不同的晶体结构和化学成分,使之在水溶液环境中表现不同的耐蚀特征.本文应用空间分辨电化学技术测量2205双相不锈钢中铁素体和奥氏体的电位差异,并用电镜技术分析了α相和γ相的选择性腐蚀形态.结果表明,在0.01mol/LNaCl溶液中,铁素体的腐蚀电位比奥氏体高,而在2mol/LH2SO4+xmol/LHCl溶液中,双相不锈钢在活化＿钝化电位区出现两个明显的阳极电流峰.铁素体相的选择性腐蚀发生在较负的阳极峰电位,而奥氏体则在较正的阳极电位峰发生选择性腐蚀.     

Application of Microbeam Techniques in the Steel Industry

 Steel is a very complex material, and nowadays all types of microbeam techniques are used to characterise it. This paper describes how and why microbeam techniques are used in the steel industry, with special emphasis on micro-analysis of precipitates and surface analysis.     

渗铝钢在海水中的电化学行为研究

应用化学浸泡实验,电化学测试技术研究渗铝钢在海水中的电化学行为.试验表明,在海水中渗铝钢的腐蚀电位比20#钢的负,其阳极活性大于后者,在低电位下发生阳极溶解.20#钢和渗铝钢的腐蚀速率分别为5.80mg/dm2·d和3.36mg/dm2·d.渗铝钢在海水中具有优良的耐蚀性能是由于环境遮断和电偶保护的综合效果.其腐蚀产物含有氯离子,说明氯离子参与海水中的腐蚀过程,是导致腐蚀的主要原因.渗铝钢除了表层形成的Al、Fe化合物和致密、连续、具有高效防护作用Al的氧化物保护膜外,Al Fe合金层起到牺牲阳极的电化学保护作用.