Coloured peak algebras and Hopf algebras

For G a finite abelian group, we study the properties of general equivalence relations on G _n = G ⁿ ⋊ _n , the wreath product of G with the symmetric group _n , also known as the G-coloured symmetric group. We show that under certain conditions, some equivalence relations give rise to subalgebras of G _n as well as graded connected Hopf subalgebras of ⨁ _{n≥ o} G _n . In particular we construct a G-coloured peak subalgebra of the Mantaci-Reutenauer algebra (or G-coloured descent algebra). We show that the direct sum of the G-coloured peak algebras is a Hopf algebra. We also have similar results for a G-colouring of the Loday-Ronco Hopf algebras of planar binary trees. For many of the equivalence relations under study, we obtain a functor from the category of finite abelian groups to the category of graded connected Hopf algebras. We end our investigation by describing a Hopf endomorphism of the G-coloured descent Hopf algebra whose image is the G-coloured peak Hopf algebra. We outline a theory of combinatorial G-coloured Hopf algebra for which the G-coloured quasi-symmetric Hopf algebra and the graded dual to the G-coloured peak Hopf algebra are central objects. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification Primary: 16S99; Secondary: 05E05, 05E10, 16S34, 16W30, 20B30, 20E22Bergeron is partially supported by NSERC and CRC, CanadaHohlweg is partially supported by CRC     

The Drinfel’d Double for Group-cograded Multiplier Hopf Algebras

Let G be any group and let K(G) denote the multiplier Hopf algebra of complex functions with finite support in G. The product in K(G) is pointwise. The comultiplication on K(G) is defined with values in the multiplier algebra M(K(G) ⊗K(G )) by the formula for all and . In this paper we consider multiplier Hopf algebras B (over ) such that there is an embedding I: K(G) →M(B). This embedding is a non-degenerate algebra homomorphism which respects the comultiplication and maps K(G) into the center of M(B). These multiplier Hopf algebras are called G-cograded multiplier Hopf algebras. They are a generalization of the Hopf group-coalgebras as studied by Turaev and Virelizier. In this paper, we also consider an admissible action π of the group G on a G-cograded multiplier Hopf algebra B. When B is paired with a multiplier Hopf algebra A, we construct the Drinfel’d double D ^π where the coproduct and the product depend on the action π. We also treat the ^*-algebra case. If π is the trivial action, we recover the usual Drinfel’d double associated with the pair . On the other hand, also the Drinfel’d double, as constructed by Zunino for a finite-type Hopf group-coalgebra, is an example of the construction above. In this case, the action is non-trivial but related with the adjoint action of the group on itself. Now, the double is again a G-cograded multiplier Hopf algebra. Presented by K. Goodearl.     

An Algebraic Framework for Group Duality

A Hopf algebra is a pair (A, Δ) whereAis an associative algebra with identity andΔa homomorphism formAtoA⊗Asatisfying certain conditions. If we drop the assumption thatAhas an identity and if we allowΔto have values in the so-called multiplier algebraM(A⊗A), we get a natural extension of the notion of a Hopf algebra. We call this a multiplier Hopf algebra. The motivating example is the algebra of complex functions with finite support on a group with the comultiplication defined as dual to the product in the group. Also for these multiplier Hopf algebras, there is a natural notion of left and right invariance for linear functionals (called integrals in Hopf algebra theory). We show that, if such invariant functionals exist, they are unique (up to a scalar) and faithful. For a regular multiplier Hopf algebra (A, Δ) (i.e., with invertible antipode) with invariant functionals, we construct, in a canonical way, the dual (Â, Δ). It is again a regular multiplier Hopf algebra with invariant functionals. It is also shown that the dual of (Â, Δ) is canonically isomorphic with the original multiplier Hopf algebra (A, Δ). It is possible to generalize many aspects of abstract harmonic analysis here. One can define the Fourier transform; one can prove Plancherel's formula. Because any finite-dimensional Hopf algebra is a regular multiplier Hopf algebra and has invariant functionals, our duality theorem applies to all finite-dimensional Hopf algebras. Then it coincides with the usual duality for such Hopf algebras. But our category of multiplier Hopf algebras also includes, in a certain way, the discrete (quantum) groups and the compact (quantum) groups. Our duality includes the duality between discrete quantum groups and compact quantum groups. In particular, it includes the duality between compact abelian groups and discrete abelian groups. One of the nice features of our theory is that we have an extension of this duality to the non-abelian case, but within one category. This is shown in the last section of our paper where we introduce the algebras of compact type and the algebras of discrete type. We prove that also these are dual to each other. We treat an example that is sufficiently general to illustrate most of the different features of our theory. It is also possible to construct the quantum double of Drinfel'd within this category. This provides a still wider class of examples. So, we obtain many more than just the compact and discrete quantum within this setting.     

Some remarks on the construction of quantum symmetric spaces

We present a general survey of some recent developments regarding the construction of compact quantum symmetric spaces and the analysis of their zonal spherical functions in terms of q-orthogonal polynomials. In particular, we define a one-parameter family of two-sided coideals in U _q(g(n, )) and express the zonal spherical functions on the corresponding quantum projective spaces as Askey-Wilson polynomials containing two continuous and one discrete parameter.The author acknowledges financial support by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO).     

Bialgebra Cyclic Homology with Coefficients

We show that one can extend the definition of Hopf cyclic homology with coefficients such that one can use bialgebras and a larger class of coefficient module/co-modules. With the help of this extension, we calculate the bialgebra cyclic homology of U_q() the quantum deformation of an arbitrary semi-simple Lie algebra and (N) the Hopf algebra of foliations of codimension N, with several coefficient modules.     

Invariant Cyclic Homology

We define a noncommutative analogue of invariant de Rham cohomology. More precisely, for a triple (A, H, M) consisting of a Hopf algebra H, an H-comodule algebra A, an H-module M, and a compatible grouplike element in H, we define the cyclic module of invariant chains on A with coefficients in M and call its cyclic homology the invariant cyclic homology of A with coefficients in M. We also develop a dual theory for coalgebras. Examples include cyclic cohomology of Hopf algebras defined by Connes–Moscovici and its dual theory. We establish various results and computations including one for the quantum group SL(q,2).     

Construct weak Hopf algebras by using Borcherds matrix

We define a new kind quantized enveloping algebra of a generalized Kac-Moody algebra by adding a new generator J satisfying jm = j for some integer m. We denote this algebra by wUqT（A）. This algebra is a weak Hopf algebra if and only if m = 2,3. In general, it is a bialgebra, and contains a Hopf subalgebra. This Hopf subalgebra is isomorphic to the usual quantum envelope algebra Uq （A） of a generalized Kac-Moody algebra A.     

Exact calculability,semigroup of representations,and the stability property for representations of the algebra of functions on the quantum groupSU q(2)

An operation of the coproduct of representations of a bialgebra is defined. The coproduct operation of representations for the Hopf algebra of functions on the quantum groupSU _q (2) is investigated. For this Hopf algebra a representation II called the stable representation is constructed. This representation is invariant with respect to the coproduct with an arbitrary representation. An expression for the trace in the representation II is derived. The invariant Voronovich integal inSU _q (2) takes the form fdµ=tr(fcc ^*).V. A. Steklov Mathematics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 101, No. 2, pp. 163–178, November, 1994.     

Algebras Versus Coalgebras

Algebras and coalgebras are fundamental notions for large parts of mathematics. The basic constructions from universal algebra are now expressed in the language of categories and thus are accessible to classical algebraists and topologists as well as to logicians and computer scientists. Some of them have developed specialised parts of the theory and often reinvented constructions already known in a neighbouring area. One purpose of this survey is to show the connection between results from different fields and to trace a number of them back to some fundamental papers in category theory from the early 1970s. Another intention is to look at the interplay between algebraic and coalgebraic notions. Hopf algebras are one of the most interesting objects in this setting. While knowledge of algebras and coalgebras are folklore in general category theory, the notion of Hopf algebras is usually only considered for monoidal categories. In the course of the text we do suggest how to overcome this defect by defining a Hopf monad on an arbitrary category as a monad and comonad satisfying some compatibility conditions and inducing an equivalence between the base category and the category of the associated bimodules. For a set G, the endofunctor G× – on the category of sets shares these properties if and only if G admits a group structure. Finally, we report about the possibility of subsuming algebras and coalgebras in the notion of ( F , G )-dimodules associated to two functors between different categories. This observation, due to Tatsuya Hagino, was an outcome from the theory of categorical data types and may also be of use in classical algebra.      

The Galois Correspondence in Field Algebra of G-spin Model

Suppose that G is a finite group and D（G） the double algebra of G. For a given subgroup H of G, there is a sub-Hopf algebra D（G; H） of D（G）. This paper gives the concrete construction of a D（G; H）-invariant subspace AH in field algebra of G-spin model and proves that if H is a normal subgroup of G, then AH is Galois closed.     

Quantum Symmetric Algebras

The plus part U ⁺ of a quantum group U _q (g) has been identified by M. Rosso with a subalgebra G _sym of an algebra G which is a quantized version of R. Ree's shuffle algebra. Rosso has shown that G _sym and G – and hence also Hopf algebras which are analogues of quantum groups – can be defined in a much wider context. In this paper we study one of Rosso's quantizations, which depends on a family of parameters t _ij . G _sym is determined by a family of matrices whose coefficients are polynomials in the t _ij . The determinants of the factorize into a number of irreducible polynomials, and our main Theorem 5.2a gives strong information on these factors. This can be regarded as a first step towards the (still very distant!) goal, the classification of the symmetric algebras G _sym which can be obtained by giving special values to the parameters t _ij .     

Dual Pairs of Hopf *-Algebras

If A is a Hopf *-algebra, the dual space A' is again a *-algebra.There is a natural subalgebra A° of A' that is again a Hopf*-algebra. In many interesting examples, A° will be largeenough (to separate points of A). More generally, one can considera pair (A, B) of Hopf *-algebras and a bilinear form on A xB with conditions such that, if the pairing is non-degenerate,one algebra can be considered as a subalgebra of the dual ofthe other. In these notes, we study such pairs of Hopf *-algebras. We startfrom the notion of a Hopf *-algebra A and its reduced dual A°.We give examples of pairs of Hopf *-algebras, and discuss theproblem of non-degeneracy. The first example is an algebra pairedwith itself. The second example is the pairing of a Hopf *-algebra(due to Jimbo) and the twisted SU(n) of Woronowicz. We alsodiscuss the notion of the quantum double of Drinfeld in thisframework of dual pairs.     

Normal Hopf subalgebras in cocycle deformations of finite groups

Let G be a finite group and let π : G → G′ be a surjective group homomorphism. Consider the cocycle deformation L = H ^σ of the Hopf algebra H = k ^G of k-valued linear functions on G, with respect to some convolution invertible 2-cocycle σ. The (normal) Hopf subalgebra corresponds to a Hopf subalgebra . Our main result is an explicit necessary and sufficient condition for the normality of L′ in L. This work was partially supported by CONICET, Fundación Antorchas, Agencia Córdoba Ciencia, ANPCyT and Secyt (UNC).     

Bar Categories and Star Operations

We introduce the notion of ‘bar category’ by which we mean a monoidal category equipped with additional structure formalising the notion of complex conjugation. Examples of our theory include bimodules over a *-algebra, modules over a conventional *-Hopf algebra and modules over a more general object which we call a ‘quasi-*-Hopf algebra’ and for which examples include the standard quantum groups $u_q(\mathfrak{g})$ at q a root of unity (these are well-known not to be usual *-Hopf algebras). We also provide examples of strictly quasiassociative bar categories, including modules over ‘*-quasiHopf algebras’ and a construction based on finite subgroups H???G of a finite group. Inside a bar category one has natural notions of ‘?-algebra’ and ‘unitary object’ therefore extending these concepts to a variety of new situations. We study braidings and duals in bar categories and ?-braided groups (Hopf algebras) in braided-bar categories. Examples include the transmutation B(H) of a quasitriangular *-Hopf algebra and the quantum plane ${\mathbb C}_q^2$ at certain roots of unity q in the bar category of $\widetilde{u_q(su_2)}$ -modules. We use our methods to provide a natural quasi-associative C ^*-algebra structure on the octonions ${\mathbb O}$ and on a coset example. In the Appendix we extend the Tannaka-Krein reconstruction theory to bar categories in relation to *-Hopf algebras.     

Local group representations

As a generalization of the usual notion of a group representation, a local group representation of connected and locally connected groups G is introduced as a certain sheaf A with base G, such that all fibres A _x may be identified with a fixed linear subspace D of the representation space. The sheaf provides a means of expressing a group symmetry which is known to hold only locally (in a sense which will be made precise). The problem of extending a local representation to a global one may be considered as a noncommutative counterpart of the dilation theory of systems of doubly commuting contractions. If G is a Lie group, one may associate a derived representation of the enveloping algebra (g) of the Lie algebra g of G. In case of isometric local representations in a Hilbert space, these are *-representations and determine the appropriate local representation uniquely. As an application we obtain that the n-tuples of antisymmetric operators of partial derivatives on L ²(), where is a connected open subset of ⁿ, determine up to translation.     

Hopf powers and orders for some bismash products

The exponent of a finite group G can be viewed as a Hopf algebraic invariant of the group algebra H=kG: it is the least integer n for which the nth Hopf power endomorphism [n] of H is trivial. The exponent of a group scheme G as studied by Gabriel and Tate and Oort can be defined in the same way using the coordinate Hopf algebra H=O(G).The power map and the corresponding notion of exponent have been studied for a general finite-dimensional Hopf algebra beginning with work of Kashina. Several positive results, suggested by analogy to the group case, were proved by Kashina and by Etingof and Gelaki.Given these positive results, there was some hope that the Hopf order of an individual element of a Hopf algebra might also be a well-behaved notion, with some properties analogous to well-known facts on the orders of elements of a finite group.In fact we prove that such analogous properties do hold for Hopf algebras satisfying the usual rule for iterated powers; for example, such a Hopf algebra H has an element of order n if and only if n divides the exponent of H. However, in general such properties are not true. We will give examples where the behavior of Hopf powers, Hopf orders, and related notions is rather strange, unexpected, and seemingly hard to predict. We will see this using computer algebra calculations in Drinfeld doubles of finite groups, and more generally in bismash products constructed from factorizable groups.     

Color Lie superalgebras and hopf algebras

We give a generalization of the well-known theorem stating that the category of primitively generated Hopf algebras is equivalent to the category of (restricted) Lie algebras. In so doing, instead of Lie algebras, we consider color Lie superalgebras, and instead of a primitively generated Hopf algebra, we take a Hopf algebra H whose semigroup elements form an Abelian group G =G(H), and H is generated by its relatively primitive elements which supercommute with the elements of G. Translated fromAlgebra i Logika, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 420–436, July-August, 1995.Supported by the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research, grant No. 93-01-16171.     

Quantum algebras with representation ring of $$ \mathfrak{s}\mathfrak{l}_2 $$ type

A reducible representation of the Temperley-Lieb algebra is constructed on a tensor product of n-dimensional spaces. As a centralizer of this action, we obtain a quantum algebra (quasi-triangular Hopf algebra) with the representation ring that is equivalent to the representation ring of the Lie algebra. Bibliography: 23 titles. __________ Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 347, 2007, pp. 167–177.     

Hartogs Extension Theorem for Functions with Values in Complex Clifford Algebras

A regular extension phenomenon of functions defined on Euclidean space with values in a Clifford algebra was studied by Le Hung Son in the 90’s using methods of Clifford analysis, a function theory which, is centred around the notion of a monogenic function, i.e. a null solution of the firstorder, vector-valued Dirac operator in . The isotonic Clifford analysis is a refinement of the latter, which arises for even dimension. As such it also may be regarded as an elegant generalization to complex Clifford algebra-valued functions of both holomorphic functions of several complex variables and two-sided biregular function theories. The aim of this article is to present a Hartogs theorem on isotonic extendability of functions on a suitable domain of . As an application, the extension problem for holomorphic functions and so for the two-sided biregular ones is discussed.