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1.
Monofunctional polylactones were prepared by Bu2Sn(OMe)2‐initiated ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone (εCL) followed by acylation with bromoacetylbromide. Telechelic polylactones and polylactides were prepared via ring‐expansion polymerization with 2,2‐dibutyl‐2‐stanna‐1,3‐dioxepane (DSDOP) or 2,2‐dibutyl‐2‐stanna‐pentaoxacyclotridecane (Bu2SnTEG) as cyclic initiator. In situ combination of the polymerization with condensation by means of bromoacetylbromide yielded polylactones having bromoacetate endgroups. These endgroups were subjected to nucleophilic substitution with 3‐mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (3‐MPTMS). Analogous experiments were conducted with dl‐lactide. The telechelic trimethoxysilyl‐endcapped polylactones were characterized by viscosity, 1H and 13C NMR‐spectroscopy, and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. The mass spectra revealed small amounts of cyclic oligolactones as byproducts in all samples. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3667–3674, 2005  相似文献   

2.
Hexahydro‐5‐oxoquinoline‐3‐carboxylates and 1,4‐dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylates were synthesized efficiently and rapidly (2 min) in the presence of molybdenum‐ and tungsten‐based coordination polymers [M(Bu3Sn)2O4)]n (M=Mo or W) as catalysts (Schemes 1 and 2; Tables 2 and 3). The products were formed at room temperature in excellent yields (90–98%). The catalysts worked under heterogeneous conditions and were recyclable. The earlier reports for the application of these polymers to conduct organic synthesis are limited. The present method explores a new and useful application of these catalysts.  相似文献   

3.
Acrylamide was graft polymerized onto the surface of a biodegradable semicrystalline polyester, poly(ε‐caprolactone). Electron beam irradiation at a dose of 5 Mrad was used to generate initiating species in the polyester. The degradation in vitro at pH 7.4 and 37°C in a phosphate buffer solution was studied for untreated, irradiated and acrylamide‐grafted polymers. In the case of poly(ε‐caprolactone), all materials showed similar behavior in terms of weight loss. No significant decrease in weight was observed up to 40 weeks, after which the loss of weight accelerated. The main differences in degradation behavior were found for the average molecular weights, n and w. Virgin poly(ε‐caprolactone) maintained n and w up to about 40 weeks, whereas the irradiated and grafted poly(ε‐caprolactone) showed similar continuous declines in n and w throughout the degradation period. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1651–1657, 1999  相似文献   

4.
It was found that diphenyl carbonate reacts with Bu2SnO above 140°C yielding CO2 and Bu2Sn(OPh)2. This insertion reaction was also successfully applied to a polycarbonate prepared from polytetrahydrofuran diol‐1000 and Bu2SnO containing macrocyclic polyTHF dioxides. Bu2SnO reacted analogously with poly(bisphenol A) carbonates yielding tin‐containing rapidly crystallizing cyclic oligocarbonates. Their treatment with 1,2‐ethanedithiol gave linear oligocarbonates having two OH end groups. Bu2Sn‐containing macrocyclic oligocarbonates reacted in‐situ with several carboxylic acid chlorides, forming telechelic oligocarbonates with functional ester end groups. Bu2Sn‐containing macrocycles also reacted in‐situ with terephthaloyl chlorides yielding a poly(ester carbonate).  相似文献   

5.
The complexes Me2SnL2 ( I ), Me3SnL ( II ), Et2SnL2 ( III ), n‐Bu2SnL2 ( IV ), n‐Bu3SnL ( V ), n‐Oct2SnL2 ( VI ), Bz2SnL2 ( VII ), and Ph3SnL ( VIII ), where “L” is ( E )‐3‐(3‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐phenyl‐2‐propenoate, have been prepared and structurally characterized by means of elemental analysis, infrared, mass, and multinuclear (1H, 13C, 119Sn) NMR spectral techniques. The spectroscopic results showed that the geometry around the Sn atom in triorganotin(IV) derivatives is four‐coordinated in noncoordinating solvent and behaves as five‐coordinated linear polymers with bridging carboxylate groups or five‐coordinated monomers, both acquiring trans‐R3SnO2 geometry for Sn in the solid state. While all the diorganotin(IV) derivatives may acquire trigonal bipyramidal structures in solution due to collapse of the Sn←OCO interaction and octahedral geometries in the solid state, which have been confirmed by the X‐ray crystallographic data of the compound III . The crystal structure of Et2SnL2 ( III ) has been determined by X‐ray crystallography and is found skew‐trapezoidal bipyramidal, which substantiates that the ligand acts as an anisobidentate chelating agent, thus rendering the Sn atom six coordinated. The crystal is monoclinic with space group C21/n. All the investigated compounds have also been screened for biocidal and cytotoxicity data. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:420–432, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20243  相似文献   

6.
N‐Isopropyl‐4‐vinylbenzylamine (PVBA) was synthesized and used as an initiator for the polymerization of methacrylates to synthesize macromonomers with terminal styrenic moieties. LiPVBA initiated a living polymerization and block copolymerization of methyl methacrylate, 2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and tert‐butyl methacrylate and produced polymers having well‐controlled molecular weights and very low polydispersities (w/n < 1.1) in quantitative yield. 1H NMR analysis revealed that the polymers contained terminal 4‐vinylbenzyl groups. The macromonomers were reactive in the copolymerization with styrene.  相似文献   

7.
Pseudoanionic polymerization of ϵ-caprolactone (CL), initiated with dialkylaluminum alkoxides, was used for the tailored synthesis of poly(CL) with M̄n ≤ 100 000 and M̄w /M̄n < 1. 20. Macromolecules with functional groups at one or at both ends were obtained in this way. Controlled polymerization of CL allowed to prepare poly(dodecyl acrylate)-g-poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (poly(DAC)-g-poly(CL)) with well defined poly(CL) grafts. These copolymers were used as the surface active agents for the direct synthesis of poly(CL) microspheres. The number average diameter (D̄n ) of poly(CL) microspheres varied from 0.628 μm to 0.94 μm and the diameter polydispersity (D̄v /D̄n ) varied from 1.038 to 1.26, depending on the composition of poly(DAC)-g-poly(CL). Human serum albumin (HSA) and human gamma globulins (γ G) were attached to the poly(CL) microspheres. The maximal surface concentrations of HSA and γ G adsorbed onto the microspheres were equal to 9·10−4 g/m2 and 2.0·10−3 g/m2 respectively.  相似文献   

8.
Polycondensation of 1,10‐decanediol with dimethyl‐H‐phosphonate taken in excess leads to oligomers with methyl‐H‐phosphonate end groups. The polytransesterification of the resulting oligomer as well as the related model reactions were studied. The synthesis of poly(decamethylene‐H‐phosphonate) was analyzed and the final product had n = 1.4–1.9 104 (from end groups, vpo, and n of the derived polymers). The exchange of the ester groups between two homoesters (dimethyl and diethyl phosphonates) used as models, conducted at r.t. and catalyzed by metal alkoxide provides mixed (hetero) ester in a few minutes. If the concentration of the catalyst is not high enough, then the reaction does not go to equilibrium, because the alcoholate anions are converted into the anions of monoesters of the H‐phosphonic acid, catalytically inactive at this temperature. However, these monoesters become catalytically active at higher temperature, i.e., at the conditions used for preparing higher molecular‐weight products by transesterification. The apparent rate constants () of the ester exchange catalyzed by monoester salt (modeling the propagation step in polytransesterification) were determined by two independent methods; at 130°C ∼ 1.0 · 10−2 mol−1 · L · s−1. The detailed study of the model polytransesterification, and particularly of the polymer end groups appearance and disappearance (studied by 1H‐, 13C‐, and 31P‐NMR) allowed postulation of the reaction mechanism and confirmed our previous work, describing formation at these conditions of polymers with n > 104. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1365–1381, 1999  相似文献   

9.
The dimeric tetraorganodistannoxane [n‐Bu2(F)SnOSn(F)t‐Bu2]2 ( 1 ) was prepared by the reaction of (t‐Bu2SnO)3 with n‐Bu2SnF2 and characterized in solution by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and ESI MS spectrometry and in the solid state by 119Sn MAS NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X‐ray diffraction.  相似文献   

10.
Transmetallation of Tin(II) in [Sn(μ3‐PSitBu3)]4 by Barium – from Sn4P4 Heterocubane Structures to Heterobinuclear Cage Compounds with a Central BanSn4?nP4 Heterocubane Polyhedron (n = 1, 2 and 3) For the preparation of compounds of the type [BanSn4?n(PSitBu3)4] (n = 1 ( 2 ), 2 ( 3 ) and 3 ( 4 )) two synthetic routes are applicable: in the transmetallation reaction homometallic [Sn4(PSitBu3)4] ( 1 ) reacts with barium metal and in a deprotonation reaction (metallation) tri(tert‐butyl)silylphosphane reacts simultaneously with (thf)2Ba[N(SiMe3)2]2 and Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2. During the transmetallation reaction mixtures of the heterobimetallic cage compounds 2 to 4 are obtained, however, analytically pure compounds 2 and 3 are accessible by the metallation reaction. Compound 4 is formed as a minor product together with 3 . Due to the larger Ba‐P bond lengths compared to the Sn‐P values the substitution of tin by barium leads to strong distortions of the heterocubane moiety. With NMR‐spectroscopic experiments one could show that all the above mentioned compounds form BanSn4?nP4 heterocubane cage structures.  相似文献   

11.
Four novel organotin complexes of two types—[R2Sn(o‐SC6H4CO2)]6 (R=Me, 1 ?H2O; nBu, 2 ) and {[R2Sn(m‐CO2C6H4S)R2Sn(m‐SC6H4CO2)SnR2]O}2 (R=Me, 3 ; nBu, 4 )—have been prepared by treatment of o‐ or m‐mercaptobenzoic acid and the corresponding R2SnCl2 (R=Me, nBu) with sodium ethoxide in ethanol (95 %). All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR and NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) spectroscopy, TGA, and X‐ray crystallography diffraction analysis. The molecular structure analyses reveal that both 1 and 2 are hexanuclear macrocycles with hydrophobic “pseudo‐cage” structures, while 3 and 4 are hexanuclear macrocycles with double‐cavity structures. Furthermore, the supramolecular structure analyses show that looser and more intriguing supramolecular infrastructures were also found in complexes 1 – 4 , which exist either as one‐dimensional chains of rings or as two‐dimensional networks assembled from the organometallic subunits through intermolecular C? H???S weak hydrogen bonds (WHBs) and π–π interactions.  相似文献   

12.
Phthalocyanine compounds of novel type based on a bridged bis‐ligand, denoted “intracavity” complexes, have been prepared. Complexation of clamshell ligand 1,1′‐[benzene‐1,2‐diylbis(methanediyloxy)]bis[9(10),16(17),23(24)‐tri‐tert‐butylphthalocyanine] (clam,tBuPc2H4, 1 ) with lanthanide(III) salts [Ln(acac)3] ? n H2O (Ln=Eu, Dy, Lu; acetylacetonate) led to formation of double‐deckers clam,tBuPc2Ln ( 2 a – c ). Formation of high molecular weight oligophthalocyanine complexes was demonstrated as well. The presence of an intramolecular covalent bridge affecting the relative arrangement of macrocycles was shown to result in specific physicochemical properties. A combination of UV/Vis/NIR and NMR spectroscopy, MALDI‐TOF mass‐spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, and spectroelectrochemistry provided unambiguous characterization of the freshly prepared bis‐phthalocyanines, and also revealed intrinsic peculiarities in the structure–property relationship, which were supported by theoretical calculations. Unexpected NMR activity of the paramagnetic dysprosium complex 2 b in the neutral π‐radical form was observed and examined as well.  相似文献   

13.
Complexes [Me2SnL2 ( I ), Me3SnL ( II ), Et2SnL2 ( III ), n‐Bu2SnL2 ( IV ), n‐Bu3SnL ( V ), n‐Oct2SnL2 ( VI )], where L is (E)‐3‐furanyl‐2‐phenyl‐2‐propenoate, have been synthesized and structurally characterized by vibrational and NMR (1H, 13C and 119Sn) spectroscopic techniques in combination with mass spectrometric and elemental analyses. The IR data indicate that in both the di‐ and triorganotin(IV) carboxylates the ligand moiety COO acts as a bidentate group in the solid state. The 119Sn NMR spectroscopic data, 1J[119Sn,13C] and 2J[119Sn, 1H], coupling constants show a four‐coordinated environment around the tin atom in triorganotin(IV) and five‐coordinated in diorganotin(IV) carboxylates in noncoordinating solvents. The complexes have been screened against bacteria, fungi, and brine‐shrimp larvae to assess their biological activity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:612–620, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20488  相似文献   

14.
In contrast to BiF3, the other three Bi‐halides catalyzed the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) in bulk. A temperature of 140 °C was found to be advantageous for rapid polymerization and optimum molecular weights. At this temperature, the reactivity of the catalysts increases in the order BiCl3 < BiBr3 < BiJ3. Variation of the monomer‐catalyst ratio (M/C) yielded number‐average molecular weights (Mns) up to 80,000 Da (corrected SEC data, 120,000 Da uncorrected), but a proper control of the Mns was not achieved. In addition to CH2? OH endgroups, CH2Cl, CH2Br, and CH2J endgroups were detected, but no evidence for a cationic polymerization mechanism was found. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7483–7490, 2008  相似文献   

15.
The single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis of hexakis(2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl)cyclotristannoxane, cyclo‐[(2,4,6‐i‐Pr3‐C6H2)2SnO]3 ( 1 ), is reported and reveals this compound to contain an almost planar six‐membered ring. Redistribution reactions of 1 with cyclo‐(t‐Bu2SnO)3 and t‐Bu2SiCl2, respectively, failed and indicate an unusual kinetic inertness of the Sn–O bonds in 1 as compared to related molecular diorganotin oxides containing less bulkier substituents. The redistribution reaction of cyclo‐(t‐Bu2SnO)3 with cyclo‐(t‐Bu2SnS)2 leads to an equilibrium involving the trimeric diorganotin oxysulphides cyclot‐Bu2Sn(OSnt‐Bu2)2S ( 2 a ) and cyclot‐Bu2Sn(SSnt‐Bu2)2O ( 2 b ).  相似文献   

16.
The diorganotin(Ⅳ) complexes of N-(3,5-dibromosalicylidene)-α-amino acid, R2Sn(2-O-3,5-Br2C6H2CH= NCHRCOO)(where R=H, Me, i-Pr, Bz; R'=n-Bu, Cy), were synthesized by the reactions of diorganotin dichlorides with in situ formed potassium salt of N-(3,5-dibromosalicylidene)-α-amino acid and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR (^1H, ^13C and ^119Sn) spectra. The crystal structures of n-Bu2Sn(2-O-3,5-Br2C6H2CH= NCHRCOO)(R=i-Pr, Bz) and Cy2Sn(2-O-3,5-Br2C6H2CH=NCHRCOO)(R=Me, Bz) were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction and showed that the tin atoms are in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry to form five- and six-membered chelate rings with the tridentate ligand. Bioassay results indicated that the compounds possess better in vitro antitumour activity against three human tumour cell lines, HeLa, CoLo205 and MCF-7, than cis-platin and moderate anti-bacterial activity against two bacteria, E. coli and S. aureus.  相似文献   

17.
Fourteen new diorganotin(IV) complexes of N‐(5‐halosalicylidene)‐α‐amino acid, R′2Sn(5‐X‐2‐OC6H3CH?NCHRCOO) (where X = Cl, Br; R = H, Me, i‐Pr; R′ = n‐Bu, Ph, Cy), were synthesized by the reactions of diorganotin halides with potassium salt of N‐(5‐halosalicylidene)‐α‐amino acid and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR (1H, 13C and 119Sn) spectra. The crystal structures of Bu2Sn(5‐Cl‐2‐OC6H3CH?NCH(i‐Pr)COO) and Ph2Sn(5‐Br‐2‐OC6H3CH?NCH(i‐Pr)COO) were determined by X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction and showed that the tin atoms are in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry and form five‐ and six‐membered chelate rings with the tridentate ligand. Bioassay results of a few compounds indicated that the compounds have strong cytotoxic activity against three human tumour cell lines, i.e. HeLa, CoLo205 and MCF‐7, and the activity decreased in the order Cy>n‐Bu>Ph for the R′ group bound to tin. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

18.
The cationic organotin cluster [t‐Bu2Sn(OH)(H2O)]22+2OTf? is easy to prepare and stable in air. The catalytic activity of [t‐Bu2Sn(OH)(H2O)]22+2OTf? as a neutral organotin Lewis acid catalyst is probed through the one‐pot three‐component syntheses of 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazoles from aldehydes, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium azide, and of 2,4,6‐triarylpyridines from aromatic aldehydes, substituted acetophenones and ammonium acetate. The reactions proceed well in the presence of 1 mol% of [t‐Bu2Sn(OH)(H2O)]22+2OTf? in water and provide the corresponding 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazoles and 2,4,6‐triarylpyridines in good to excellent yields. The method reported has several advantages such as the catalyst being neutral, low catalyst loading and use of water as a green solvent.  相似文献   

19.
Dilithiated di(stannyl)oligosilanes (tBu2Sn(Li)– (SiMe2)n–Sn(Li)tBu2; 4 , n = 2; 5 , n = 3) were synthesized by the reaction of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) with the α,ω‐hydrido tin substituted oligosilanes (tBu2Sn(H)– (SiMe2)n–Sn(H)tBu2; 1 , n = 2; 2 , n = 3). Surprisingly, the reaction of 1 and 3 (tBu2Sn(H)–(SiMe2)4–Sn(H)tBu2) with LDA resulted not in the formation of the lithiated compound, but what one can find is the formation of the 5,5‐ditert.butyl‐octamethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrasila‐5‐stannacyclopentane ( 8 ) (n = 4) in addition to the expected product 4 (n = 4) and the 3,3,6,6‐tetratert.butyl‐octamethyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrasila‐3,6‐distannacyclohexane ( 7 ) (n = 3). Reactions of 4 and 5 with dimethyl and diphenyldichlorosilanes yielding monocyclic Si–Sn derivatives ( 9 – 11 ) are also discussed. The solid‐state structures of 7 and 11 were determined by X‐ray crystallography.  相似文献   

20.
The synthesis of ansa complexes has been studied intensively owing to their importance as homogeneous catalysts and as precursors of metal‐containing polymers. However, paramagnetic non‐metallocene derivatives are rare and have been limited to examples with vanadium and titanium. Herein, we report an efficient procedure for the selective dilithiation of paramagnetic sandwich complex [Cr(η5‐C5H5)(η6‐C6H6)], which allows the preparation of a series of [n]chromoarenophanes (n=1, 2, 3) that feature silicon, germanium, and tin atoms at the bridging positions. The electronic and structural properties of these complexes were probed by X‐ray diffraction analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and by UV/Vis and EPR spectroscopy. The spectroscopic parameters for the strained and less strained complexes (i.e., with multiple‐atom linkers) indicate that the unpaired electron resides primarily in a d orbital on chromium(I); this result was also supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We did not observe a correlation between the experimental UV/Vis and EPR data and the degree of molecular distortion in these ansa complexes. The treatment of tin‐bridged complex [Cr(η5‐C5H4)(η6‐C6H5)SntBu2] with [Pt(PEt3)3] results in the non‐regioselective insertion of the low‐valent Pt0 fragment into the Cipso? Sn bonds in both the five‐ and six‐membered rings, thereby furnishing a bimetallic complex. This observed reactivity suggests that ansa complexes of this type are promising starting materials for the synthesis of bimetallic complexes in general and also underline their potential to undergo ring‐opening processes to yield new metal‐containing polymers.  相似文献   

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