钙钛矿锰氧化物La_(1.3-x)Dy_xSr_(1.7)Mn_2O_7(x=0.025)的磁性和电性研究

采用固相反应法制备双层钙钛矿La_(1.3-x)Dy_xSr_(1.7)Mn_2O_7(x=0.025)多晶样品,通过测量样品的磁化强度与温度变化曲线(M-T)、不同磁场下的磁化率乘温度与温度的变化曲线(χT-T)以及不同温度下磁化强度与外加磁场的变化曲线(M-H)对样品的磁性进行了研究.结果表明,样品的三维磁有序温度(T=350K)对应铁磁团簇的居里温度.FM-AFM转变温度(T=208K),出现了相分离,样品在低温部分出现了团簇玻璃行为.从磁化率随温度的变化图和磁化强度随温度的变化图中可以明显看出,在100K~TN(奈尔温度)之间,样品磁化率和磁化强度随温度降低而减小,因此FM减弱,AFM增强。在不同磁场下,TN以下(100K~TN)的χT值随温度的降低而减小,χT值在TN以上(208K~380K)随温度的降低而增加.通过对样品的电性分析发现,样品在0T与1T时的电阻率随温度的变化曲线(ρ-T),随温度的降低,无论是否施加外场,样品的电阻率都出现了一个峰值,这表明样品存在金属绝缘转变,不同的是施加外场后(1T),样品的电阻率降低.对该样品高温部分的ρ-T曲线进行拟合后发现,样品在高温部分的导电方式遵循热激活模型的导电方式.     

钙钛矿锰氧化物La_(1.3-x)Dy_xSr_(1.7)Mn_2O_7(x=0.025)的磁性和电性研究北大核心CSCD

采用固相反应法制备双层钙钛矿La_(1.3-x)Dy_xSr_(1.7)Mn_2O_7(x=0.025)多晶样品,通过测量样品的磁化强度与温度变化曲线(M-T)、不同磁场下的磁化率乘温度与温度的变化曲线(χT-T)以及不同温度下磁化强度与外加磁场的变化曲线(M-H)对样品的磁性进行了研究.结果表明,样品的三维磁有序温度(T=350K)对应铁磁团簇的居里温度.FM-AFM转变温度(T=208K),出现了相分离,样品在低温部分出现了团簇玻璃行为.从磁化率随温度的变化图和磁化强度随温度的变化图中可以明显看出,在100K^TN(奈尔温度)之间,样品磁化率和磁化强度随温度降低而减小,因此FM减弱,AFM增强。在不同磁场下,TN以下(100K^TN)的χT值随温度的降低而减小,χT值在TN以上(208K^380K)随温度的降低而增加.通过对样品的电性分析发现,样品在0T与1T时的电阻率随温度的变化曲线(ρ-T),随温度的降低,无论是否施加外场,样品的电阻率都出现了一个峰值,这表明样品存在金属绝缘转变,不同的是施加外场后(1T),样品的电阻率降低.对该样品高温部分的ρ-T曲线进行拟合后发现,样品在高温部分的导电方式遵循热激活模型的导电方式.     

低压氢等离子体发光光谱

本实验使用2.45 GHz微波(100～200 W)激励产生低压(1～4 kPa)氢等离子体,通过光纤光谱仪探测氢等离子体的发射光谱,并分析了特征谱线分布及谱线强度随压强、功率的变化情况,计算了氢等离子体的电子激发温度.实验结果表明,压强由1 kPa增加至4 kPa,谱线强度减小;功率由100 W增大至200 W,谱线强度增大.随着压强的增大,电子激发温度减小或先减小后增大.     

低压氢等离子体发光光谱

本实验使用2.45 GHz微波(100～200 W)激励产生低压(1～4 kPa)氢等离子体,通过光纤光谱仪探测氢等离子体的发射光谱,并分析了特征谱线分布及谱线强度随压强、功率的变化情况,计算了氢等离子体的电子激发温度.实验结果表明,压强由1 kPa增加至4 kPa,谱线强度减小;功率由100 W增大至200 W,谱线强度增大.随着压强的增大,电子激发温度减小或先减小后增大.     

低压氢等离子体发光光谱

本实验使用2.45 GHz微波(100～200 W)激励产生低压(1～4 kPa)氢等离子体,通过光纤光谱仪探测氢等离子体的发射光谱,并分析了特征谱线分布及谱线强度随压强、功率的变化情况,计算了氢等离子体的电子激发温度.实验结果表明,压强由1 kPa增加至4 kPa,谱线强度减小;功率由100 W增大至200 W,谱线强度增大.随着压强的增大,电子激发温度减小或先减小后增大.     

La0.3Ca0.7Mn1-xWxO3(x=0.04,0.08,0.12)体系的电子自旋共振谱研究

用固相反应法制备了La0.3Ca0.7Mn1-xWxO3(x=0.04,0.08,0.12)多晶材料,测量了样品的p～T曲线及ESR谱,对ESR谱的归一化强度和线宽进行了研究.结果表明:当x≤0.08时,ρ～T曲线出现弯折点,体系出现电荷有序(CO)相,体系随温度降低发生顺磁(PM)-电荷有序(CO)-反铁磁(AFM)变化;当x=0.12时,ρ～T曲线没有出现弯折点,CO相融化,自旋序主要是顺磁(PM),但存在CO相的残留.x≤0.08样品的线宽在高于Tco的温区几乎不随温度变化,体系处在顺磁态,铁磁关联较弱;在低于Tco的温区,电子的局域化程度增强,线宽随温度的降低而增加.     

近藤(Kondo)效应介绍

在稀磁合金中,由于杂质与传导电子的交换作用,使这类系统的低温电子特性表现出一系列的反常.最早观测到的是在电阻随温度变化的曲线上出现极小;其次是磁化率偏离居里定律,有效磁矩随温度降低连续减小,以及比热和热功率在低温下出现宽峰等一系列反常现象.日本物理学家近藤(J.Kondo)首先对电阻极小现象作出了正确的理论解释,并提出了深入研究的基本问题,大大活跃了这一研究领域,从此人们将稀磁合金中低温反常现象的研究通称为Kondo效应. 一、电阻极小现象 早在1930年Meissner和Voight[1]就观测到金(Au)的电阻温度曲线在10K附近出现了一个浅…     

激光等离子体中的吸收及K_α线产生机制

甲10~(11)W,100ps的高功率激光以不同的偏振形式(P或S偏振)聚焦照射到铝靶表面.用X光晶体谱仪拍摄到铝的LPX谱线.激光等离子体的电子温度随入射角的变化,说明了在10~5W/cm~2功率密度下,存在着共振吸收机制.LPX光谱强度计算表明,在我们的实验条件下,固体铝靶的K_α线大部分起源于快热电子.     

PtIr0n,±(n=1～5)团簇电子结构与振动光谱的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP方法对PtIr0n,±(n=1～5)团簇基态构型的自然键轨道(NBO)、光谱、芳香性和极化率进行理论研究.结果表明:团簇形成过程中Pt得到电荷,而对于Ir原子,电荷有得有失,部分Ir原子失去的电荷转移到Pt原子及其它Ir原子上;原子数较多的团簇红外(IR)光谱和Raman谱中出现较多的振动峰,其中PtIr4-团簇的IR光谱及Raman光谱的振动峰最强;团簇PtIr3、PtIr5、PtIr5+具有芳香性;PtIr0n,±(n=1～5)团簇原子间的成键相互作用随n的增加而增强,团簇PtIr3、PtIr5+电子结构相对不稳定,离域效应较大,阴离子团簇的电子结构的稳定性随着原子数增加逐渐增强,离域效应逐渐减小.     

重费密子体系的磁化率反常

作者之一提出重费密子体系是一种f电子可以随温度变化的Kondo体系,f电子被束缚在费密面附近的一个窄带上,由此模型,本文在理论上给出磁化率随温度的变化关系,统一地解释了磁化率的各种反常,理论的数值计算给出了八种重费密子的磁化率,它们都与实验曲线较好地符合,同时讨论了重费密子体系的磁化率对样品的依赖性。 关键词：     

NH3在Ni/Pt(111)和Ni/WC(001)表面上分解的第一性原理研究

采用密度泛函理论和slab模型,研究NH₃在Ni单原子层覆盖的Pt（111）和WC（001）表面上的物理与化学行为,计算了Ni单原子覆盖表面的电子结构以及NH₃的吸附与分解.表面覆盖的单原子层中,Ni原子的性质与Ni（111）面上的Ni原子明显不同.与Ni（111）相比,Ni/Pt（111）和Ni/WC（001）表面上Ni原子dz²轨道上的电子更多地转移到了其它位置,该轨道上电荷密度降低有利于NH₃吸附.在Ni/Pt（111）和Ni/WC（001）面上NH₃吸附能均大于Ni（111）,NH₃分子第一个N-H键断裂的活化能则明显比Ni（111）面上低,有利于NH₃的分解,吸附能增大使NH₃在Ni/Pt（111）和Ni/WC（001）面上更倾向于分解,而不是脱附.N₂分子的生成是NH₃分解的速控步骤,该反应能垒较高,说明N₂分子只有在较高温度下才能生成.WC与Pt性质相似,但Ni/Pt（111）和Ni/WC（001）的电子结构还是有差异的,与Ni（111）表面相比,NH₃在Ni/Pt（111）表面上分解速控步骤的能垒降低,而在Ni/WC（001）上却升高.要获得活性好且便宜的催化剂,需要对Ni/WC（001）表面做进一步改进,降低N₂分子生成步骤的活化能.     

Magnetic susceptibility of tungsten carbide: Relaxation and impurity effects

The magnetic susceptibility χ of coarse-grained WC and nanocrystalline n-WC tungsten carbides has been studied in a temperature range of 300–1250 K. The dependence χ (T) for coarse-grained WC carbide has no singularities. A stable particle size of about 55 nm remains in the n-WC nanopowder after annealing at 300–1200 K, whereas the relaxation of microstrains occurs at 550–920 K. The dependence χ(T) for nanocrystalline n-WC carbide in a range of 550–920 K exhibits features associated with the annealing of microstrains, which reduces the contribution of orbital paramagnetism to the susceptibility of n-WC carbide and initiates the precipitation of small iron and cobalt impurities in the form of superparamagnetic particles.     

Magnetic susceptibility and thermal stability of particle size of nanocrystalline tungsten carbide WC

The magnetic susceptibility χ of coarse-grained and nanocrystalline tungsten carbides was studied in the temperature range 300–1250 K. The temperature dependence of the susceptibility χ(T) of coarse-grained carbide WC is typical of weak Pauli paramagnets and has no specific features. The χ(T) dependence of nanocrystalline carbide (n-WC) in the range 550–920 K exhibits features associated with annealing of microstrains, which leads to a decrease in the contribution of orbital paramagnetism to the magnetic susceptibility of n-WC and initiates precipitation of minor impurities of iron and cobalt as superparamagnetic particles. A nanocrystalline n-WC powder retains a stable particle size of ～55 nm after long annealing at temperatures of 300 to 1200 K, whereas microstrains relax at 550–920 K.     

Spin-polarized electron emission from magnetic and non-magnetic solids

The use of spin-polarization analysis in electron spectroscopy of magnetic and non-magnetic surfaces is demonstrated with a few examples. The existence and properties of spin-dependent transmission of electrons through the solid-vacuum interface is shown. The influence of surface reconstruction of Pt(110) on spin polarization and energy distribution curves in photoemission with circularly polarized light is studied. The polarization of secondary electrons from Fe(110) is observed to depend on the spin polarization of primary electrons at low energies. The temperature dependence of the exchange splitting in Ni is studied by means of spin-polarized electron energy loss spectroscopy and found to be at variance with the assumptions of the Stoner-Wohlfarth theory.     

Magnetism of some rare-earth dodecaborides

The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility has been recorded for the dodecaborides of terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, and thulium over the range 90–1200°K. A theoretical model is tested, which is based on localized 4f electrons and the Van Vleck theory of paramagnetism. An explanation is suggested for the interaction between the rare-earth ions in the higher borides, which have the framework structure of boron itself.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 96–101, December, 1977.     

&mgr;(+) knight shift measurements in U0.965Th0.035Be13 single crystals

Muon spin rotation ( &mgr;SR) measurements of the temperature dependence of the &mgr;(+) Knight shift in single crystals of U0. 965Th0.035Be13 have been used to study the static spin susceptibility chi(s) below the transition temperatures T(c1) and T(c2). While an abrupt reduction of chi(s) with decreasing temperature is observed below T(c1), chi(s) does not change below T(c2) and remains at a value below the normal-state susceptibility chi(n). In the normal state we find an anomalous anisotropic temperature dependence of the transferred hyperfine coupling between the &mgr;(+) spin and the U 5f electrons.     

Some low temperature properties of PdCr and PtCr alloys: A comparison with PdNi

Values of the low temperature magnetic susceptibility and specific heat of PdCr and PtCr are presented and compared with the data for PdNi. It is concluded that the properties of PdCr and PtCr can be understood in terms of localized spin fluctuations, like in PdNi.     

时间分辨红外光谱研究Pt/TiO2上甲醇光催化反应中光生电子衰减动力学

采用时间分辨红外光谱直接观测了甲醇在Pt/TiO2上光催化反应制氢过程中光生电子还原氢离子生成氢气的反应过程．结果表明Pt的担载量存在一最佳值，使得该催化剂中光生电子的反应速度最快．当Pt担载量相同时，Pt/TiO2催化剂中光生电子参与产氢反应的速度随样品还原温度的不同而明显变化．可能的原因是较高温度下氢气还原的Pt/TiO2催化剂中Pt粒子占据了TiO2表面的一些能够解离吸附甲醇的活性位置，而对于较低温度下氢气还原的Pt/TiO2催化剂，这种占据作用很不明显．实验中还发现瞬态动力学研究中光生电子衰减较快     

Magnetic properties of Co nanoparticle granular films capped with Pt

Magnetization and susceptibility measurements have been performed on Co granular (Al₂O₃/Co/Pt)₂₅ multilayers. A cusp-like anomaly is present in the susceptibility, which together with magnetization measurements suggests that the samples behave as an amorphous Correlated-Super-Spin system. The presence of CoPt partial alloying is proven by the XANES spectra. The XMCD spectra show that the interfacial Pt atoms become magnetically polarized by hybridization of the Pt 5d and Co 3d electrons, and are ferromagnetically coupled to the Co particle moments. The Pt layer is effective in transmitting interparticle exchange coupling.     

Carrier localization in InN epilayers grown on Si substrates

The carrier localization in InN epilayers grown on Si(111) was studied using time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). The emission energy dependence and temperature dependence of the PL decay times revealed that carrier localization plays an important role in the recombination of this material system. A model based on the transition between free electrons in the conduction band and localized holes in the deeper tail states explains the carrier localization of InN epilayers. We suggest that the carrier localization in InN can be accounted for by the potential fluctuation caused by the random impurities.