关于等离子体的电磁波不稳定性(Ⅱ)

文献[1]由分析色散关系几何性质方法,导出速度分布各向异性的无碰撞等离子体中的电磁波不稳定性的严格和普适判据,但限于沿一个主温度方向传播的波。本文则讨论沿任意方向的波,得出电磁波不稳定性的严格判据。 关键词：     

关于等离子体的电磁波不稳定性

本文阐述了由分析色散关系几何性质的方法,导出速度分布各向异性的等离子体中的电磁波不稳定性的严格和普适的判据,具体讨论了温度不均匀性和粒子束流对不稳定性的影响。最后导出了Weibel的电磁波增长系数的相对论修正公式。     

Electromagnetic instability of a homogeneous plasma in interstellar space

A study is made of an electromagnetic instability of a homogeneous plasma with an arbitrary velocity distribution in interstellar space on long time scales typical of gas-dust clouds without a significant magnetic field. It is shown that such instabilities develop on time scales of a few months or years and that it is only a narrow class of nearly spherical solutions that conforms to the stability requirements.     

非磁化等离子体和磁化等离子体的电磁辐射特性研究

本文研究非磁化和磁化双MAXWELL分布等离子体的电磁不稳定性色散方程和电磁辐射增长率.结果表明,非磁化等离子体不能辐射出电磁波,而磁化等离子体能够辐射出电磁波.并分析讨论了磁化等离子体在不同参数下的电磁辐射增长率随辐射频率、等离子体密度和温度的变化.     

The effect of plasma drift on the electromagnetic cyclotron instability

It is shown that the drift of plasma across a homogeneous magnetic field causes the generation of a wave electric field which, for waves propagating along the magnetic field in the whistler mode, is in the direction of the magnetic field. This leads to Landau damping of the wave field by the background electron distribution, simultaneously with amplification via the electromagnetic cyclotron instability. The drift velocity of the plasma for zero net growth of a whistler mode signal is calculated. It is suggested that such a process occurs in the equatorial region of the magnetosphere during a geomagnetic storm and accounts for the missing band of emissions at half the equatorial gyrofrequency.     

Z箍缩等离子体振荡引起的电磁脉冲辐射

从理论上研究了Z箍缩过程中单模的等离子体振荡引起的电磁脉冲辐射。当模式扰动的相速度大于真空中的光速时,电磁脉冲辐射具有类似于切伦科夫辐射的角分布特征,并且随着相速度的增大这种定向辐射特征越显著;不同波长的电磁辐射也具有不同的角分布特征,短波长的电磁脉冲具有更好的定向性。电磁辐射功率强烈依赖于电子的等离子体振荡频率和等离子体柱的半径。     

Coherent Excitation of Optical Oscillations in a Metal Nanosphere by a 2D Electric Current

We propose a new concept of localized surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode excitation in a spherical nanoparticle, which utilizes a collective mechanism of dissipative instability in an adjacent 2D plasma carrying a DC electric current. We show that 2D DC current becomes unstable at optical frequencies when the drift velocity exceeds the speed of sound in the 2D plasma. Dissipative instability emerges as a result of self-consistent 2D plasma oscillations coupled to the electromagnetic modes of the nanosphere, the material of which is absorbing at given frequency (i.e., the dielectric permittivity Imε > 0), and instability is absent in the case of transparent material. We derive the dispersion equation for this dissipative instability by a self-consistent solution of the Maxwell equations for the electromagnetic modes and the hydrodynamic equations for the 2D plasma current. Our estimates demonstrate attainment of very high instability increments Imω ~ 10¹⁵ s^?1, which makes the proposed concept very promising for excitation of plasmonic nanoantennas.     

Weibel instability associated with inverse bremsstrahlung absorption of intense electromagnetic radiation

We investigate the Weibel instability in a plasma with a nonstationary three-temperature electron distribution generated by inverse bremsstrahlung of an intense elliptically polarized electromagnetic wave. We show that electron-ion collisions in this strong high frequency field are simultaneously the cause of the development of the instability and the reason it is suppressed. We find plasma and radiation parameters for which spontaneous quasistationary solenoidal electromagnetic fields can increase by many times. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 111, 1245–1257 (April 1997)     

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通过测量大气压介质阻挡放电等离子体辐射信号,建立偶极子辐射模型,利用快速傅立叶变换,计算了大气压介质阻挡放电等离子体中离子速度分布。计算结果表明,速度分布偏离麦克斯韦分布,并且随着放电过程的进行,离子速度及相对离子数进行有规律的变化。     

大气压介质阻挡射流放电离子速度分布的测量

通过测量大气压介质阻挡放电等离子体辐射信号,建立偶极子辐射模型,利用快速傅立叶变换,计算了大气压介质阻挡放电等离子体中离子速度分布。计算结果表明,速度分布偏离麦克斯韦分布,并且随着放电过程的进行,离子速度及相对离子数进行有规律的变化。     

On the Resistive Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Instability

An investigation is made on the conditions for validity of the analytical results for the resistive electromagnetic ion cyclotron instability discussed in a recent paper by Lee and Luhmann. The regions of validity in wavenumber space are determined numerically for various conbinations of plasma density, magnetic field, and electron drift velocity. It is concluded that the analytical results are good approximations over a large region of wavenumber space.     

Fast formation of magnetic islands in a plasma in the presence of counterstreaming electrons

With the help of 2D-3V (two dimensional in space and three dimensional in velocity) Vlasov simulations we show that the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic current filamentation instability develops magnetic islands due to the onset of a fast reconnection process that occurs on the electron dynamical time scale. This process is relevant to magnetic channel coalescence in relativistic laser plasma interactions.     

Instability Caused by an Inhomogeneous Energy Density Distribution as a Possible Source of Electrostatic Broadband Noise

Plasma instability caused by an inhomogeneous energy density distribution is considered. It is shown that this instability can lead to the excitation of electrostatic ion-cyclotron and oblique ion-acoustic waves, generated in the presence of an inhomogeneous transverse electric field and a shear in the parallel drift velocity of the plasma particles. The considered physical mechanisms of the instability generation in plasma can serve as possible sources of broadband electrostatic turbulence in the auroral ionosphere.     

托卡马克等离子体逃逸放电中的驰豫振荡与电子回旋激射不稳定性

我们研究了托卡马克等离子体进制电子引起的电子回旋激射不稳定性发生的条件，发现由反常多普勒效应及切伦科夫效应确定的准稳态速度分布又会激发电子回旋激射不稳定性，且其对本底电子回旋辐射的放大频段低于回旋频率，这与ＨＬ－１实验观察一致。     

Model of the stabilized distribution function for oscillating electrons in a hollow cathode

The form of the velocity distribution function of oscillating electrons in a low-pressure discharge with a hollow cathode is determined using the simple model of mathematical billiards. The distribution function is nonequilibrium and permits the development of instability of the plasma beam type.     

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In order to optimize the process of plasma spheroidization of the lithium micro-powder, a 2-D model of inductively coupled thermal plasma torch is presented. The calculating domain of the electromagnetic field is extended to the air region outside the plasma discharge region and multi-physics coupling calculation was performed by using COMSOL software. The plasma electromagnetic field, temperature and velocity distributions are obtained. The physical mechanism of distributions is analyzed. The simulation found that there are two sets of symmetrical reflux vortices in the coil section of the plasma region. The velocity distribution which locates in the center of coil section and closes to the wall of confinement tube is in disorder. The plasma particles hit the wall along the radial direction. Disorderly flow may cause a rupture area along the circular tube wall. Based on the simulation results, it is proposed that in the process of inductively coupled plasma spheroidization, powder injection port can be moved down to avoid the upper reflux vortex.     

基于COMSOL 的感应耦合等离子体炬多物理场研究

为了优化锂微粉等离子体球化的工艺,对感应耦合等离子体炬进行二维建模,将电磁场计算域扩展到等离子体放电区域之外的空气区域,利用COMSOL 软件进行多物理场模拟。得到了等离子体的电磁场、温度和速度分布,并对分布形成的物理机制进行分析。模拟发现等离子体区域线圈段存在上下两组对称的回流涡,线圈段中部靠近约束管处等离子体速度分布杂乱,有激烈的径向打壁现象,乱流预计会对约束管壁相应位置造成一条环状的破裂效果。基于模拟结果,提出在采用感应耦合等离子体球化锂微粉的工艺工程中,可以将注粉口下移,绕开上回流涡。     

Relativistic warm plasma waveguide under the effects of plasma electrons and HF electrical field on Buneman instability

The stabilization effect of a strong HF (pump) electrical field and plasma electrons on a two-stream (Buneman) instability in a plane relativistic warm plasma waveguide is investigated; using the separation method to solve the two-fluid plasma model we separate the problem into two parts. The “temporal” (dynamical) part enables us to determine the frequencies and growth rates of unstable waves; this part within the redefinition of natural frequencies coincides with the system describing HF suppression of Buneman instability in uniform unbounded plasma. Natural frequencies of oscillations and spatial distribution of the amplitude of the self-consistent electrical field are determined from the solution of a boundary-value problem (“space part”) taking into account specific spatial distribution of plasma density. Plasma electrons are considered to have a relativistic thermal velocity. It is shown that the growth rate of instability in relativistic warm plasma is reduced compared to non-relativistic (cold or warm) plasma and relativistic cold plasma. In addition, it is found that the plasma electrons have no effect on the solution of the space part of the problem.     

Surface waves at the boundaries of relativistic plasma streams

A study is made of stable and unstable electromagnetic surface waves at the boundaries of the plane and cylindrical relativistic plasma streams in the frequency range corresponding to positive values of the plasma permittivity. It is demonstrated that there are critical parameters for the transition from slow to fast waves, namely, the angle between the velocity and the wave vector in plane geometry and the smallest mode number in cylindrical geometry. It is shown that the critical parameter for the onset of the firehose instability of an electron stream is the transverse size of the stream. Higher firehose modes of the stream are shown to be suppressed by applying a strong longitudinal magnetic field.     

Generation of tunable electromagnetic radiation by a dust ripple in dusty plasmas

It is shown that a pre-existing dust ripple in a dusty plasma may excite tunable electromagnetic radiation. For our purposes, we use the Maxwell equation and the electron equation of motion to derive a Mathieu equation in the presence of a spatially oscillating dust ripple. The Mathieu equation admits instability of an electromagnetic wave. Criteria under which instability occurs are presented. Explicit expression for the electromagnetic radiation frequency and the growth rate are obtained. The possible relevance of our investigation to nonthermal electromagnetic radiation sources from laboratory and cosmic dusty plasmas is considered.