某些镧系化合物化学键特性的INDO研究

本文用INDO方法研究了不同价态镧系化合物的成键性质和4f轨道在成键中的作用,结果表明,镧系化合物的成键受许多因素,如价态、半径、配体、配位数、空间构型等影响。不同配体与镧系元素成键的强度差别较大;高价态的共价性大于低价态的;配位数低的大于配位数高的。某些特殊构型的镧系化合物除σ键外,还形成重叠较好的π配键,使Ln—L键共价性大大增强。4f轨道在成键中的作用比5d的少得多,三价(二价态)的4f轨道基本定域(<0.1％),四价态的4f轨道对成键的贡献明显增大,可接近1％。     

某些镧系化合物化学键特性的INDO研究

本文用INDO方法研究了不同价态镧系化合物的成键性质和4f轨道在成键中的作用,结果表明, 镧系化合物的成键受许多因素, 如价态、半径、配位数、空间构型等影响。不同配体与镧系元素成键的强度差别较大; 高价态的共价性大于低价态的; 配位数低的大于配位数高的。某些特殊构型的镧系化合物除σ键外, 还形成重叠较好的π配键,使Ln-L键共价性大大增强。4f轨道在成键中的作用比5d的少得多, 三价(二价态)的4f轨道基本定域(<0.1%), 四价态的4f轨道对成键的贡献明显增大, 可接近1%。     

α-丙氨酸和L-组氨酸的分子力学计算及其镧系离子配合物结构的NMR研究

应用分子力学计算得到了α-丙氨酸和L-组氨酸在溶液中的分子结构.在此基础上,通过对镧系离子诱导位移的分析和模拟,计算了氨基酸镧系离子配合物的~(13)CNMR准接触位移,模拟了配合物的分子结构.结果表明,在α-丙氨酸镧系离子配合物中,Ce~(3+),Pr~(3+),Nd~(3+)与内氨酸的一个氧原子和一个氮原子形成双齿配位;Sm~(3+),Eu~(3+),Tb~(3+),Dy~(3+),Ho~(3+),Er~(3+),Tm~(3+),Yb~(3+)则与两个氧原子形成双齿配位 在L-组氨酸镧系离子配合物中,Ce~(3+)～Eu~(3+)与组氨酸的两个氧原子和α-氨基的氮原子形成三齿配位,镧系离子Tb~(3+)～Yb~(3+)则与两个氧原子形成双齿配位.同时,还讨论了pH值条件对氨基酸镧系离子配合物结构的影响.     

α-丙氨酸和L-组氨酸的分子力学计算及其镧系离子配合物结构的NMR研究

应用分子力学计算得到了α-丙氨酸和L-组氨酸在溶液中的分子结构。在此基础上, 通过对镧系离子诱导位移的分析和模拟, 计算了氨基酸镧系离子配合物的13^C NMR作接触位移, 模拟了配合物的分子结构。结果表明, 在α-丙氨酸镧系离子配合物中, Ce^3+, Pr^3+, Nd^3+与丙氨酸的一个氧原子和一个氮原子形成双齿配位; Sm^3+, Eu^3+, Tb^3+, Dy^3+, Ho^3+, Er^3+, Tm^3+, Yb^3+则与两个氧原子形成双齿配位, 在L-组氨酸镧系离子配合物中, Ce^3+~Eu^3+与组氨酸的两个氧原子和α-氨基的氮原子形成三齿配位, 镧系离子Tb^3+~Yb^3+则与两个氧原子形成双齿配位, 同时, 还讨论了pH条件对氨基酸镧系离子配合物结构的影响。     

镧系元素二苯基羟乙酸配合物的XPS研究

本文用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)观察到镧系离子的性质在二苯基羟乙酸配合物中与镧系原子性质的递变规律相似,而不同于其离子性质的递变规律。镧系离子在配合物中与二苯基羟乙酸羧基中的羟基氧原子成离子键,与α-羟基氧原子则成共价配键。此外,“镧系收缩”与镧系离子各轨道能级中电子结合能的变化规律有关。     

微孔镧系配位聚合物

微孔配位聚合物与通常的微孔无机材料相比, 具有非常明显的优势. 而镧系离子特殊的光学和磁学性质, 更使得微孔镧系配位聚合物的研究成为热点. 本文简要地报道了微孔镧系配位聚合物的研究现状, 对一些微孔镧系配位聚合物的结构特点进行了描述, 讨论了影响微孔配位聚合物形成的主要因素. 一般来说, 线型配体往往能很好地将金属离子连接起来, 得到理想的微孔镧系配位聚合物; 选择合适的第二配体, 有利于构筑结构新颖的微孔镧系配位聚合物; 镧系收缩对能否形成微孔配位聚合物的影响并不明显, 只是轻稀土离子往往倾向于多结合一些小分子配体来满足更高的配位数.     

硝酸镧与冠醚(2, 2)配合物的晶体及电子结构研究

用X-射线单晶衍射法测定了硝酸镧与冠醚(2,2)配合物的晶体结构,发现其具有与报道的Eu(NO_3)_3(2,2)配合物不同的配位方式.晶体属于三斜晶系,空间群P(?),晶胞参数为a=10.312(2)(?);b=12.745(3)(?);c=8.917(2)(?);α=103.79(2)°;β=112.73(2)°;γ=83.68(2)°;V=1049.5(5)(?)~3;F(000)=587.88;Z=2.结构用重原子法解出;R值为0.0292.用INDO法计算了配合物的净电荷分布,电子结构、键级.结果表明,镧与配位原子间的键具有一定程度的共价性.镧的5d轨道对共价性的贡献最大,而4f轨道基本上不参与成键.La-N比La-O(醚)间存在较强的作用,增大了配合物的稳定性.     

f-f超灵敏跃迁吸收光谱及其应用

镧系离子及其配合物溶液电子吸收光谱的研究早就引人注意。Selwood最早发现镧系离子水溶液的某些吸收谱线具有特殊灵敏性。Moller等人在五十年代进一步发现f电子吸收光谱的超灵敏性是一种普遍现象。六十年代以后,由于Judd-Ofelt理论在计算f-f跃迁光谱振子强度上的成功,使超灵敏跃迁     

镧(Ⅲ)系锑硒化合物[Ln(en)_4]SbSe_4·0.5en(Ln=Dy,Ho)的溶剂热合成与晶体结构(英文)

本文研究了Ln2O3/Sb/Se/en溶剂热反应体系,合成了2个镧(Ⅲ)系锑硒化合物[Ln(en)4]SbSe4·0.5en[Ln=Dy(1),Ho(2)],用元素分析和红外光谱对化合物进行了表征,并用X-射线单晶衍射测定了化合物的单晶结构,两者都属于单斜晶系,P21/n空间群。结构对比研究发现,在en溶剂中,SbSe43-离子可以与半径较大的La3+和Nd3+离子配位,而不与半径较小的Dy3+和Ho3+离子配位,可见镧系收缩效应对SbSe43-离子与镧系金属离子Ln3+的配位有重要影响。     

镧系水合离子的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法研究了镧系水合离子[Ln(H2O9)]^3+(Ln=Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb)的几何构型、电荷分布和Ln^3+与水的结合能,计算结果与实验基本符合,表明DFT方法也适用于计算镧系离子与中性配体形成的化合物,对计算结果的分析表明,Ln^3+与H2O之间主要通过Ln5d轨道与氧孤对电子相互作用成键而结合,其余轨道起的作用比较小,用镧系化合物成键模型解释了镧系离子与水的结合能从La到Lu逐渐增加的事实。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。