内蒙古中部渣尔泰山群微量元素地球化学特征

通过对内蒙古中部渣尔泰山群各层位岩石采样,对该山群中共43个微量元素（含稀土元素）与地壳丰度进行了对比分析,总结了该山群微量元素的地球化学特征。研究表明,该山群富集W、Re、Cu、Pb、Co等元素,而In、V、Cr、Ni等元素亏损较严重;微量元素在板岩和云母石英片岩中相对含量较高,在灰岩中相对贫化;此外,该山群稀土元素地球化学特征表现为轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损;具有明显的Eu的负异常,Ce的弱正异常。     

印度洋热液区贻贝及栖息沉积物中金属元素的特征分析

本研究采集了印度洋热液区贻贝生物及其栖息沉积物样品,分析了生物体及沉积物中常见微量元素及稀土元素的含量与分布特征,研究了生物体与沉积物金属元素的相关性,以及稀土元素的生态化学特征等.结果表明:印度洋热液区沉积物中常见微量金属主要为Fe(96.62 mg/kg)、Mn(1.143 mg/kg)和Zn(322.6 μg/kg),微量元素归一化计算得Fe含量比值高达98.15%,可获悉该热液区沉积物主要为铁矿类物质.深海贻贝中微量元素及稀土元素的分布趋势与深海沉积物中元素分布存在较好的相关性,相关性系数分别为0.991与0.996,近海贻贝中金属元素的含量及分布与深海贻贝存在差异性.深海沉积物与贻贝中轻重稀土元素均呈现分馏现象,且贻贝中富集轻稀土比较显著;从稀土配分模式可知,沉积物与贻贝中的Eu与Gd均呈现异常现象,深海沉积物和深海贻贝中Eu异常现象较为显著.深海沉积物、贻贝及近海贻贝中δEu分别为9.50、10.68和0.23,而δCe分别为2.21、2.71和4.38,表明近海贻贝中稀土元素富集来源与深海贻贝存在差异性,深海沉积物与深海贻贝稀土元素具有同源性.     

攀枝花地区昔格达组地层稀土元素地球化学特征及其古环境意义

昔格达组是广泛分布于我国西南地区的第四纪湖相沉积地层.对攀枝花青龙山砖厂内31.5 m厚的昔格达组剖面进行了稀土元素的研究,剖析了稀土元素及其比值在该地层中的分布特征和古环境意义.研究表明,剖面从31.5～14.8 m,各稀土含量较高;而从14.8～0 m,稀土含量整体降低.这一特征表明,在该地层沉积时期,沉积环境经历...     

深海富稀土沉积研究的若干问题

深海富稀土沉积是指稀土元素含量(包含Y)≥400×10~(-6)的一类深海沉积物,以中-重稀土富集、与钙十字沸石紧密共生而区别于其他深海沉积类型。深海富稀土沉积在太平洋和印度洋广泛分布,其稀土氧化物资源量可达1000亿t,其中重稀土资源量约为325亿t,引起了国际学术界的普遍关注。在系统总结深海富稀土沉积的调查研究历史和现状基础上,对其分布特征和规律、地球化学特征、载体矿物、富集机制、物质来源等研究进展进行了阐述,并指出了目前在稀土元素富集机制研究方面存在的几个重要问题:稀土元素的物质来源;沉积物孔隙水对于稀土元素富集的作用;钙十字沸石等共生矿物的成矿指示意义。     

桂北摩天岭花岗岩体的地质地球化学特征及其意义

为研究摩天岭花岗岩体的地质及地球化学特征,分别测定了该岩体的主量元素,微量元素和稀土元素含量,并作了图解分析。结果表明,摩天岭花岗岩体在主量元素特征上表现为富钾,低钠、较低的／7,（Na2O）／n（K2O）,贫钙镁,富铁,w（A）／w（CNK）〉1．1,为强过铝质,具有华南产铀花岗岩的基本特征。微量元素特征表现为：富集强不相容元素,尤其是Rb、Th元素;而贫弱不相容元素zr、Hf、Sm、Y和Yb。Sr元素呈强烈亏损。稀土总含量较低,具有较低的轻重稀土分异,略富集LREE,亏损HREE,具有较低的埘（La）／w（Yb）。岩体具有强烈的负8Eu异常。摩天岭花岗岩体的岩石类型及地球化学特征表明其是S型花岗岩,其形成的构造环境判别图解显示摩天岭岩体具有火山弧花岗岩和同碰撞花岗岩的双重属性。     

个旧超大型锡多金属矿稀土元素地球化学特征

对比研究了个旧不同类型岩(矿)石(蚀变花岗岩、钙质泥岩、大理岩、矽卡岩矿石、层状矿石和脉状矿石)的稀土元素、微量元素地球化学特征,借以示踪不同类型矿床的成矿物质来源。研究表明不同类型矿石中的稀土元素配分曲线较为相似,成矿物质具有同源性,并与本区的花岗岩具有一定的成因联系。由于其成矿方式的不同,不同类型矿石中的稀土元素特征和矿物组合特征略有差异,脉状矿石和层状矿石中稀土含量相对较少且富集轻稀土,而矽卡岩矿石中稀土含量相对较多且轻、重稀土的含量变化较大。     

稀土元素在长江口及邻近陆架表层沉积物中的分布及物源示踪研究

长江口邻近陆架表层沉积物中稀土元素含量及组成表明其主要来源为中国大陆陆源物质.轻重稀土元素比值对于区分长江和黄河流域来源物质具有一定的示踪意义,古黄河三角洲以较低的轻重稀土元素比值为特征,而长江来源物质以相对较高的轻重稀土比值为特征,沉积物粒度和Cl含量不是控制沉积区内稀土元素分馏的主要因素.通过聚类分析将研究区域划分为长江口近岸区和东海北部陆架区两个分区,黄海沿岸流、长江冲淡水以及台湾暖流是造成分区的关键水动力因素.分区内常量和微量元素以及同位素组成皆表现为不同程度差异,长江口近岸区化学组成和长江流域物质基本一致,东海北部陆架区与黄河流域物质比较接近.     

冀北滦平地区中生代火山岩中单颗粒锆石的稀土元素特征及启示

通过对滦平地区中生代火山岩中锆石的稀土元素分析,表明髫髻山组顶部火山岩样品中锆石δEu的均值为0.49,（Lu/Gd）N的均值为21.87;然而,土城子组顶部层位、底部层位和张家口组底部层位火山岩样品中锆石的δEu均值分别为0.15,0.06和0.09,（Lu/Gd）N的均值分别为14.51,15.66和16.25.反映了土城子组中锆石的稀土元素特征与张家口组中锆石特征的一致性,而与髫髻山组中的锆石有较大的区别,表明土城子组与张家口组中的火山岩有明显的亲缘性和一致性.结合同位素测年结果和锆石的阴极发光特征,可以认为： 该地区的髫髻山组与土城子组之间不仅时间间隔长,而且火山岩的源区也有较大的区别;土城子组与张家口组之间不仅在时间上基本连续,而且火山岩的源区也有明显的一致性;该分析结果暗示了滦平地区的土城子组与张家口组之间不存在时间的间断和大的构造界面,是相同（或相近）地质背景下形成的,即二者之间应不存在构造转换界面和J3-K1界面.研究表明,在壳源岩浆锆石的稀土元素分析中,（Lu/Gd）N,δEu是相对稳定的、有指示意义的两个重要参数;壳源岩浆锆石的∑LREE的值变化范围较大,尤其是La的丰度变化范围较大,所以在锆石的稀土元素分析中,与La相关的各种比值的指示意义并不明显.     

攀枝花青龙山昔格达组地层剖面微量元素地球化学特征及环境意义

对攀枝花青龙山昔格达组剖面进行了研究,分析了微量元素含量及其比值在剖面中的变化特征。结果表明,剖面中除Ba、Sr含量低于大陆上地壳外,其余元素含量均高于上地壳;w(Sr)/w(Cu)比值为1.81～4.50,δ(Ce)出现微弱负异常,反映整个剖面在沉积过程中,气候以温暖、湿润为主;w(Th)/w(U)比值偏高,且δ(Eu)显示中等程度负异常,反映剖面沉积环境总体偏还原性。样品中轻稀土富集,轻稀土含量与稀土总量呈显著正相关,说明地层中稀土元素特征主要受控于轻稀土的活动性,判断剖面沉积物为陆源特征。     

乌江流域沉积岩风化过程中稀土元素的富集与释放

以乌江流域石灰岩、白云质灰岩、白云岩、硅质岩、页岩和砂岩等沉积岩的13条风化剖面为对象，运用R型分层聚类分析和质量平衡计算方法，研究了这些岩石风化过程中稀土元素（REE）的富集与释放及其对植物生长和河水REE分布的影响，目的是为河水物质来源研究和为农业生产提供依据。结果表明：（1）乌江流域石灰土中REE的富集程度显著高于各自母岩、黄壤、上陆壳（UCC）、中国土壤（CS）和世界土壤（WS）；（2）沉积岩风化过程中REE的富集特征和机制可能与母岩中REE分布特征以及风化剖面中有机质、铁（氢）氧化物和粘土矿物的吸附有关；（3）沉积岩风化过程中释放的REE可为植物吸收利用；（4）石灰岩等沉积岩风化过程中REE和F。等元素的释放对河水溶解态REE的分布有重要影响。     

Elemental concentrations in sediments of the Patras Harbour, Greece, using INAA, ICP-MS and AAS

Twenty marine sediment samples, selected downcore from six sediment cores, which were retrieved from the Patras Harbour, were studied for their elemental composition using three analytical techniques: INAA, ICP-MS and AAS. Standard reference materials were used to verify the accuracy of the analysis techniques. In total, the concentrations of 30 major, minor and trace elements were measured. The vertical distribution of most elements in the examined cores could be characterized as relatively uniform. The eastern part of the harbour seems to be more polluted in respect to some elements (Ag, Br, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) compared to the western one. The concentrations of a number of elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) determined in the sediment samples of the present work are discussed regarding to those obtained from other harbours in the world and compared against sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) to assess the ecotoxicological significance of the sediment contaminants to benthic biota.     

沱江流域Pb、Cd的环境污染化学行为研究

对沱江流域金堂、简阳、内江三地河流沉积物中重金属Pb和Cd含量及其时空分布特征进行了研究,并结合与沉积物中Fe、Mn和LOI等参数的相关性对河流沉积物中Pb和Cd地球化学性质进行了初步的分析和讨论。结果表明,沱江三地沉积物中Cd、Pb含量不高,平均含量按上、中、下游次序逐渐降低;从垂向分布行为看,Cd在上游金堂地区上部含量高于下部,而中、下游两地则相反,而Pb均随着深度的增加而减少,反映了近年来人类活动所产生Pb污染的加剧;TOC、沉积物性状和上覆水体中的物化性质对于其垂向分布有着较大影响。对于深入揭示水环境中重金属的环境地球化学循环有着重要的指导意义。     

Determination of rare earth elements in sediment cores from Northern Saronikos Gulf,Greece, by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) has been applied for the determination of 8 rare earth elements (REE) in sediment cores collected from stations of polluted and unpolluted areas of Northern Saronikos Gulf. The REE determined in cores are: La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb and Lu. Higher levels of all REE were found in the cores from polluted areas of N. Saronikos Gulf as compared with those from unpolluted areas. Different vertical profiles of REE were found in the cores from two stations of polluted areas which indicate that REE may distinguish pollution sources.     

INAA Study of the Vertical Distribution of Some Major and Trace Elements in Lacustrine Sediments of the Danube Delta

The vertical profiles of 4 major (Na, K, Ca and Fe) and 17 trace elements (Rb, Cs, Ba, Sc, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Lu, Th, U, Hf, Ta, Co and Cr) have been investigated in cores collected from three lakes: Lung, Mesteru and Furtuna, all of them situated in the Fluvio-lacustrine region of the Danube Delta. All profiles are characterized by a relatively uniform distribution of these elements. The total rare earth elements to Sc correlation, as well as their concentrations normalized to the upper continental crust, determine the continental origin of these sediments.     

Determination of chronological heavy metal deposition and pollution intensity in the bottom sediments of Mumbai Harbour Bay, India using 137Cs as tracer

Downcore variation of trace metals in sediment cores along the coastal line is one of the markers to assess the intrusion of industrial pollutants into the aquatic environment. Fifty sediment core samples from the Mumbai Harbour Bay (MHB), were studied for the trace element content. MHB is a recipient of effluents from different industries situated all along its coast around Thane–Belapur region. The average concentrations of Titanium (Ti), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy and complemented by analysing with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. In addition to this, depth profiles of K and Ca were also studied to assess the homogeneity of the geological strata of the region. Trace metals such as Cu, Ni and Zn show enrichment between 16 to 28 cm, whereas, uniform distribution through out the core was observed for K, Ca, Ti, Mn and Fe. Chronology of the heavy metal deposition was predicated based on the average sedimentation rate (0.92 ± 0.08 cm year⁻¹) derived using depth-wise ¹³⁷Cs concentration profile in core of bottom sediment. The results of the analysis showed that MHB had received excess inputs of Cu, Ni and Zn in the year 1981, 1988 and 1982, respectively. Surface concentration of Cu, Ni, Zn and Fe compared to the reference site indicates moderate pollution in the recent years whereas for elements K, Ca, Ti and Mn, the values are normal indicating MHB unpolluted for the latter elements.     

Geochemistry of Spodosols formed in holocene till, Norra Storfjället Massif, northern Sweden

Silt and clay size fractions of soils, from a transect of six Spodosols formed in the Norra Storfjället Massif, were analyzed by neutron activation to determine the degree to which pedogenic processes have influenced the distribution of macro, micro and trace elements. The distributions of Mg, Ca and Fe, together with Co, Cr and other trace elements in the profiles, suggest the presence of different parent materials, with A and E horizons arising from an influx of aeolian sediment. Translocation processes, both physical and chemical, occurred in the soil concentrating Fe and Br in the spodic (Bs) horizons of the profiles. The rare earth elements (REEs) are predominantly associated with the heavy mineral fraction of the soil material. The distributions of chondrite normalized REEs patterns of the profiles indicate that light rare earth element (LREE) concentrations increase with horizon depth. The depletion of LREEs in the upper soil horizons confirms the presence of material that is chemically different from that in the lower horizons, thus indicating a distinct chemical difference from the local glacial deposits.     

Chemical characterization and recent sedimentation rates in sediment cores from Rio Grande reservoir,SP, Brazil

The Rio Grande reservoir lies southeast of the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo. In order to evaluate if the sediments contain a historical registration of anthropogenic activity, four sediment cores were sampled from the reservoir. In these cores the Hg concentration was determined by the CV AAS technique, major and trace elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis and the sedimentation rates by the ²¹⁰Pb method. The results obtained for Hg are much higher than expected, showing an anthropogenic contribution. As a general trend, the elemental concentration decreases with depth, indicating recent contamination.     

Some trace elements in the waters,marine organisms and sediments of the Adriatic by neutron activation analysis

A number of investigations of trace elements in the waters, organisms and sediments of the Adriatic, using neutron activation analysis with radiochemical, separations are reported. These include studies of Hg in mussels from the Northern Adriatic, of Hg and Se in edible animals from the Rijeka region, and of seven elements (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Se and Zn) in marine invertebrates from the Slovene coast. Additionally, plankton, sediment cores and water samples were taken from a grid of stations covering the whole Adriatic and analyzed for 6 to 11 of the trace elements As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Sb and Zn (Hg only in water). Generally, levels found were not indicative of pollution as compared with oceanic samples, but some evidence of locally increased levels was found, especially for Hg. The levels of eleven trace elements in three marine Intercomparison samples prepared by the IAEA Monaco Laboratory are also presented.     

Metal levels and foraminifera occurrence in sediment cores from Guanabara Bay,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil

Summary Guanabara Bay, located at Rio de Janeiro, is an example of an impacted coastal environment due to the high influx of industrial and domestic effluents. Four sediment cores were sampled in areas with different levels of pollution and were analyzed for trace elements and foraminifera for abundance. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used to determine As, Ba, Co, Cr, Fe, Sb, Sc, and Zn. The effects of metal concentrations in the benthic foraminifera were studied. The low concentrations of the benthic foraminifera and the dominance of opportunistic species in coastal regions such as Ammonia may be correlated to natural stress or anthropogenic impact.     

Sediment Assessment of the Pchelina Reservoir,Bulgaria

The temporal dynamics of anthropogenic impacts on the Pchelina Reservoir is assessed based on chemical element analysis of three sediment cores at a depth of about 100–130 cm below the surface water. The ¹³⁷Cs activity is measured to identify the layers corresponding to the 1986 Chernobyl accident. The obtained dating of sediment cores gives an average sedimentation rate of 0.44 cm/year in the Pchelina Reservoir. The elements’ depth profiles (Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Sn, Sb, Pb, Co, Cd, Ce, Tl, Bi, Gd, La, Th and U_nat) outline the Struma River as the main anthropogenic source for Pchelina Reservoir sediments. The principal component analysis reveals two groups of chemical elements connected with the anthropogenic impacts. The first group of chemical elements (Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Sn, Sb and Co) has increasing time trends in the Struma sediment core and no trend or decreasing ones at the Pchelina sampling core. The behavior of these elements is determined by the change of the profile of the industry in the Pernik town during the 1990s. The second group of elements (Zn, Pb, Cd, Bi and U_nat) has increasing time trends in Struma and Pchelina sediment cores. The increased concentrations of these elements during the whole investigated period have led to moderate enrichments for Pb and U_nat, and significant enrichments for Zn and Cd at the Pchelina sampling site. The moderately contaminated, according to the geoaccumulation indexes, Pchelina Reservoir surface sediment samples have low ecotoxicity.