Tetraarsenic Tetrasulfide Induced Colon Cancer ls174t Cells Apoptosis

To explore the functional mechanism of tetraarsenic tetrasulfide(As4S4)against the growth and proliferation of colon cancer cells ls174t,MTT method was used to observe the functions of tetraarsenic tetrasulfide for the inhibition of cells ls174t in vitro.Transmission electron microscope was used to observe cell morphologies.FCM assay was performed to measure the change of cell cycle.RT-PCR method was used to detect the expressions of bcl-2 and bax mRNA.Westernblot method was used to detect the expressions of bcl-2 and bax protein.Tetraarsenic tetrasulfide showed an inhibiting effect on the proliferation of cells ls174t in vitro(P＜0.01).It induces the apoptosis of cells ls174t,which is related to the decrease in the expression of bcl-2 and the increase in the expression of bax.     

White tea extract modified green synthesis of magnetite supported Ag nanoparticles: Evaluation of its catalytic activity,antioxidant and anti-colon cancer effects

In this study, an eco-friendly and low-cost procedure for the synthesis of White tea plant extract modified magnetic nanocomposite (Fe₃O₄@W.tea) has been demonstrated. Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were further decorated in situ over the designed Fe₃O₄@W.tea nanocomposite exploiting the plant derived phytochemicals as bio-reductant and stabilizer. The resulting Fe₃O₄@W.tea/Ag nanocomposite was characterized by various analytical methods like Fourier Transformed Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) elemental mapping, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis. The as-synthesized bio-nanomaterial was used as an excellent heterogeneous and magnetically retrievable catalyst in the three-component condensation of 4-hydroxycoumarin, malononitrile and various aldehydes in refluxing aqueous media. A broad range of aromatic aldehydes underwent the reaction to produce diverse pyrano[3,2-c]chromene derivatives in very good yields irrespective of the nature of bearing functional groups or their respective geometrical positions. Due to superparamagnetic character, the material was easily magnetically decanted out and recycled for 8 successive times with preservation of its catalytic activity. After the chemical applications we also explored the material biologically in the resistance of human colon cancer and thereby studied the cytotoxicity over two standard cell lines, HT-29 and Caco-2. The conventional MTT assay was carried out over them which revealed an increase in % cell viability dose dependently. The IC₅₀ values observed in the two cell lines were 384.2 μg/ml and 254.6 μg/ml respectively. In addition, DPPH radical scavenging test was performed for studying anti-oxidant activity. The results validate the administration of Fe₃O₄@W.tea/Agnanocomposite as a competent colon protective drug in the clinical trial studies over human.     

LfcinB-Derived Peptides: Specific and punctual change of an amino acid in monomeric and dimeric sequences increase selective cytotoxicity in colon cancer cell lines

We observed how a change of specific residues in LfcinB dimeric and palindromic sequences caused a notable increase in the cytotoxic activity against CaCo-2 cells while maintaining or even diminishing the level of the cytotoxic effect against normal fibroblast and HEK-293 cells. In both cases, the IC₅₀ of the peptides was reduced by more than half of the concentration, diminishing the IC₅₀ value from 150 µg/mL (101 µM) (LfcinB (21–25)_Pal: RWQWRWQWR) to 60 µg/mL (42.8 µM) for the modified palindromic peptide ⁵[A] LfcinB (21–25)_Pal: RWQWAWQWR and the IC₅₀ from 125 µg/mL (LfcinB (20–30)₂: (RRWQWRMKKLG)₂-K-Ahx to 58 µg/mL (18 µM) for the modified dimeric peptide ²⁶[F] LfcinB (20–30)₂: (RRWQWRFKKLG)₂-K-Ahx. The cytotoxic effect of ²⁶[F] LfcinB (20–30)₂ and LfcinB (21–25)_Pal peptides against colon cancer cell line HCT-116 was greater than the cytotoxic effect of these peptides against Caco-2 cells, suggesting that the cytotoxic effect of these peptides is selective for colon cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic effect of the peptides rapidly caused severe damage to the morphology of CaCo-2 cells, while the morphology of the normal fibroblast and HEK-293 cells was not affected. The dimeric modified peptide ²⁶[F] LfcinB (20–30)₂ mainly caused death through apoptotic events. As for the palindromic modified peptide ⁵[A] LfcinB (21–25)_Pal, the cell death was induced by both necrotic and apoptotic pathways. All this suggests that specific modification of a single residue in the peptide sequence can improve the anticancer activity of the original monomeric or dimeric peptides, giving place to new potential molecules for the future development of drugs for use against colorectal carcinoma. Our results show that changes to a residue of the anti-cancer peptide sequence may be considered a versatile, feasible, and invaluable strategy for obtaining promising sequences for developing peptide-based cancer treatments.     

Electrochemical Determination of the KRAS Genetic Marker for Colon Cancer with Modified Graphete and Graphene Paste Electrodes

The determination of KRAS was performed using electrochemical sensing devices based on graphite and graphene pastes, modified with a phthalocyanine-boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) and azulenes dyes. The limits of quantification for KRAS were 1.54?×?10^?4?µg/mL using the sensor based on the phthalocyanine-BODIPY dye and graphite, 2.64?×?10^?7?µg/mL using the sensor based on 2,6-bis((E)-2-(furan-2-yl)vinyl)-4-(4,6,8-trimethylazulen-1-yl)pyridine/TiO₂Pt/reduced graphene oxide, and 3.84?×?10^?3?µg/mL using the sensor based on 2,6-bis((E)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)vinyl)-4-(4,6,8-trimethylazulen-1-yl)pyridine/TiO₂Pt/reduced graphene oxide. Recovery measurements demonstrated the suitable analytical performance of these sensors for the early detection of colon cancer by the analysis of whole blood samples.     

Raman micro-spectroscopic analysis of cultured HCT116 colon cancer cells in the presence of roscovitine

Raman micro-spectroscopic analysis of cultured HCT116 colon cancer cells in the presence of roscovitine, [seliciclib, 2-(1-ethyl-2-hydroxy-ethylamino)-6-benzylamino-9-isopropylpurine], a promising drug candidate in cancer therapy, has been performed for the first time. The aim of this study was to investigate modulations in colon cancer cells induced by roscovitine. Raman spectra of the cultured HCT116 colon cancer cells treated with roscovitine at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25 and 50 μM) were recorded in the range 400-1850 cm(-1). It was shown that the second derivative profile of the experimental spectrum gives valuable information about the wavenumbers and band widths of the vibrational modes of cell components, and it eliminates the appearance of false peaks arising from incorrect baseline corrections. In samples containing roscovitine, significant spectral changes were observed in the intensities of characteristic protein and DNA bands, which indicate roscovitine-induced apoptosis. Roscovitine-induced apoptosis was also assessed by flow cytometry analysis, and analysis of propidium iodide staining. We observed some modifications in amide I and III bands, which arise from alterations in the secondary structure of cell proteins caused by the presence of roscovitine.     

Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich. seed oil: Chemical composition and antiproliferative effect on human colonic adenocarcinoma and fibrosarcoma cancer cell lines

In this work the physicochemical characteristics including fatty acids, tocopherols and sterols composition of Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich seed oil was determined. Results showed that linoleic acid (48.64%) and punicic acid (22.38%) were the major polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among the phytosterols, β-sitosterol was the most abundant (396.25 mg/100 g), while the major tocopherol form was γ-tocopherol (44.23 mg/100 g). In addition, we evaluated for the first time the effect of E. elaterium seed oil on the growth of human colonic adenocarcinoma (HT29) and fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cell lines. The original finding was its potent antiproliferative effect on both tumour cell lines. This effect was dose-dependent, with half-maximal inhibition values of IC₅₀ = 4.86 μg/ml and 4.16 μg/ml respectively. This pilot study opens the way for further investigation about the potential use of E. elaterium as an anticancer agent.     

Restoration of full-length APC protein in SW480 colon cancer cells induces exosome-mediated secretion of DKK-4

Mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene are common in both inherited and sporadic forms of colorectal cancer (CRC), and are associated with dysregulated Wnt signaling. Colon carcinoma SW480 cells restored with stable expression of wild-type APC (SW480APC cells) exhibit attenuated Wnt signaling, and reduced tumorigenicity, including increased cell adhesion. We performed a comparative proteomic analysis of exosomes isolated from SW480 and SW480APC cells to examine the effects of restored APC on exosome protein expression. A salient finding of our study was the unique expression of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-related protein 4 (DKK4) in SW480APC, but not parental SW480 cell-derived exosomes. Upregulation of DKK4 in SW480APC cells was confirmed by semiquantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunogold electron microscopy. Analysis of the DKK4 gene promoter by methylation-specific PCR revealed reduced methylation in SW480APC cells, while RT-PCR demonstrated the downregulation of DNMT-3a, compared to the parental cell line. Our discovery of exosome-mediated secretion of DKK4 opens up the possibility that exosomal DKK4 may be a mechanism used by epithelial colon cells to regulate Wnt signaling which is lost during CRC progression.     

CD133 and CD133‐regulated nucleophosmin linked to 5‐fluorouracil susceptibility in human colon cancer cell line SW620

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to be resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Specific CSC targeting and eradication is therefore a therapeutically important challenge. CD133 is a colorectal CSC marker with unknown function(s). Assessing proteomic changes induced by CD133 may provide clues not only to new CD133 functions but also to the chemotherapy and radiation susceptibility of colon cancer cells. To identify the proteins affected by CD133, CD133‐positive (CD133+), and CD133‐negative (CD133–) human colon cancer cells were obtained by cell sorting. Whole proteomes were profiled from SW620/CD133+ and SW620/CD133– cells and analyzed by 2D‐based proteome analysis. Nucleophosmin (NPM1) was identified as a protein regulated by CD133. CD133 protein level was not affected by NPM1, and an interaction between the two proteins was not observed. CD133 and NPM1 protein levels were positively correlated in 11 human colon cancer cell lines. The CD133+ subpopulation percentage or its value normalized against CD133 protein level was only linked to intrinsic susceptibility of human colon cancer cells to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). However, either suppression of CD133 or NPM1 significantly increased 5‐FU susceptibility of SW620. The present study suggests that CD133‐regulated NPM1 protein level may provide a clue to novel CD133 function(s) linked to human colon cancer cell susceptibility to chemotherapy.     

A molecular docking and dynamics study to screen phytochemicals that target mutant thymidine phosphorylase for colon cancer therapy

Thymidine phosphorylase (TYPH) is an enzyme involved in pyrimidine catabolism and its mutation is associated with chemoresistance of colon cancer to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment. Here we have analysed the most destabilized mutation of TYPH protein at glycosyltransferase domain where isoleucine alter to alanine at position 214(I214A) that linked to the onset of colon cancer. This study aims to conduct virtual screening of phytochemicals to find novel compounds against mutated TYPH protein. The in silico study aimed to predict the physicochemical properties of phytochemicals and their binding performance with mutated TYPH compared to 5-FU. From the screened phytochemicals, berbamine showed the best binding affinity (?7.2 kcal/mol) with mutant TYPH protein as compared to 5-FU. For further confirmations, the dynamics properties of native, mutant, and docked complex of I214A mutant with berbamine systems were studied through molecular dynamics simulations with a trajectory of 100ns. From root mean square fluctuation, radius of gyration, number of hydrogen bonds, principal component analysis, and free energy landscape, we predicted that the I214A mutant lost its compactness, however, on complex formation with berbamine it gained its compactness. MM/PBSA and molecular docking studies confirmed that berbamine could show potential inhibitory effects against the mutant model of TYPH. Our finding may open the door for its experimental validation and may take as a potential therapeutic against colon cancer treatment in near future.     

Proteomics analysis of human breast milk to assess breast cancer risk

Detection of breast cancer (BC) in young women is challenging because mammography, the most common tool for detecting BC, is not effective on the dense breast tissue characteristic of young women. In addition to the limited means for detecting their BC, young women face a transient increased risk of pregnancy‐associated BC. As a consequence, reproductively active women could benefit significantly from a tool that provides them with accurate risk assessment and early detection of BC. One potential method for detection of BC is biochemical monitoring of proteins and other molecules in bodily fluids such as serum, nipple aspirate, ductal lavage, tear, urine, saliva and breast milk. Of all these fluids, only breast milk provides access to a large volume of breast tissue, in the form of exfoliated epithelial cells, and to the local breast environment, in the form of molecules in the milk. Thus, analysis of breast milk is a non‐invasive method with significant potential for assessing BC risk. Here we analyzed human breast milk by mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics to build a biomarker signature for early detection of BC. Ten milk samples from eight women provided five paired‐groups (cancer versus control) for analysis of dysregulatedproteins: two within woman comparisons (milk from a diseased breast versus a healthy breast of the same woman) and three across women comparisons (milk from a woman with cancer versus a woman without cancer). Despite a wide range in the time between milk donation and cancer diagnosis (cancer diagnosis occurred from 1 month before to 24 months after milk donation), the levels of some proteins differed significantly between cancer and control in several of the five comparison groups. These pilot data are supportive of the idea that molecular analysis of breast milk will identify proteins informative for early detection and accurate assessment of BC risk, and warrant further research. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD007066.     

Inhibitory Effects and Mechanism of the Natural Compound Diaporthein B Extracted from Marine-Derived Fungi on Colon Cancer Cells

This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanism of diaporthein B (DTB), a natural compound extracted from the fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum GZU-XW03-2, on human colon cancer cells. The inhibitory effect of DTB at different concentrations on the proliferation of colon cancer cells HCT116 and LOVO was detected at 24 and 48 h. The effect of cell migration and clone formation ability were detected by cell scratch and plate cloning experiments. Morphological changes were observed by Hoechst 33342 and Annexin-V/PI staining, and flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of apoptotic cells. DTB significantly inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner without significant effects on normal colonic epithelial cells NCM460. The IC50 inhibition effect can be achieved after treatment with 3 μmol/L DTB for 24 h. Compared with the blank group, the migration and clonal-forming ability of colon cancer cells in the DTB group was significantly decreased (p < 0.01), while the apoptotic cells were significantly increased (p < 0.01) in a concentration-dependent manner. DTB can inhibit the proliferation and migration of human colon cancer cells HCT116 and LOVO and promote the apoptosis of human colon cancer cells.     

Virtual Screening for Biomimetic Anti-Cancer Peptides from Cordyceps militaris Putative Pepsinized Peptidome and Validation on Colon Cancer Cell Line

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in Thailand and many other countries. The standard practice for curing this cancer is surgery with an adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. However, the unfavorable side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs are undeniable. Recently, protein hydrolysates and anticancer peptides have become popular alternative options for colon cancer treatment. Therefore, we aimed to screen and select the anticancer peptide candidates from the in silico pepsin hydrolysate of a Cordyceps militaris (CM) proteome using machine-learning-based prediction servers for anticancer prediction, i.e., AntiCP, iACP, and MLACP. The selected CM-anticancer peptide candidates could be an alternative treatment or co-treatment agent for colorectal cancer, reducing the use of chemotherapeutic drugs. To ensure the anticancer properties, an in vitro assay was performed with “CM-biomimetic peptides” on the non-metastatic colon cancer cell line (HT-29). According to the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay results from peptide candidate treatments at 0–400 µM, the IC₅₀ doses of the CM-biomimetic peptide with no toxic and cancer-cell-penetrating ability, original C. militaris biomimetic peptide (C-ori), against the HT-29 cell line were 114.9 µM at 72 hours. The effects of C-ori compared to the doxorubicin, a conventional chemotherapeutic drug for colon cancer treatment, and the combination effects of both the CM-anticancer peptide and doxorubicin were observed. The results showed that C-ori increased the overall efficiency in the combination treatment with doxorubicin. According to the acridine orange/propidium iodine (AO/PI) staining assay, C-ori can induce apoptosis in HT-29 cells significantly, confirmed by chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, apoptotic bodies, and late apoptosis which were observed under a fluorescence microscope.     

Human and environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals: differences,similarities, lessons from toxicology

The presence of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals in the environment has caused increasing concern due their effects on ecological receptors. Improving the risk assessment of these compounds necessitates a quantitative understanding of their metabolism and elimination in the target organism (toxicokinetics), particularly via the ubiquitous cytochrome P-450 (CYP) system and their mechanisms of toxicity (toxicodynamics). This review focuses on a number of pharmaceuticals and veterinary medicines of environmental concern, and the differences and similarities between ecological and human risk assessment. CYP metabolism is discussed with particular reference to its ubiquity in species of ecological relevance. The important issue of pharmaceutical mixtures is discussed to assess how emerging technologies such as ecotoxicogenomics may assist in moving towards a more mechanism-based environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals.     

Fucoidan and Alginate from the Brown Algae Colpomenia sinuosa and Their Combination with Vitamin C Trigger Apoptosis in Colon Cancer

Brown seaweeds are producers of bioactive molecules which are known to inhibit oncogenic growth. Here, we investigated the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects of two polysaccharides from the brown algae Colpomenia sinuosa, namely fucoidan and alginate, in a panel of cancer cell lines and evaluated their effects when combined with vitamin C. Fucoidan and alginate were isolated from brown algae and characterized by HPLC, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy. The results indicated that highly sulfated fucoidans had higher antioxidant and cytotoxic effects than alginate. Human colon cancer cells were the most sensitive to the algal treatments, with fucoidan having an IC₅₀ value (618.9 µg/mL⁻¹) lower than that of alginate (690 µg/mL⁻¹). The production of reactive oxygen species was increased upon treatment of HCT-116 cells with fucoidan and alginate, which suggest that these compounds may trigger cell death via oxidative damage. The combination of fucoidan with vitamin C showed enhanced effects compared to treatment with fucoidan alone, as evidenced by the significant inhibitory effects on HCT-116 colon cancer cell viability. The combination of the algal polysaccharides with vitamin C caused enhanced degeneration in the nuclei of cells, as evidenced by DAPI staining and increased the subG1 population, suggesting the induction of cell death. Together, these results suggest that fucoidan and alginate from the brown algae C. sinuosa are promising anticancer compounds, particularly when used in combination with vitamin C.     

Anti-Cancer Effects of α-Cubebenoate Derived from Schisandra chinensis in CT26 Colon Cancer Cells

α-Cubebenoate derived from Schisandra chinensis has been reported to possess anti-allergic, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory effects and to exhibit anti-septic activity, but its anti-cancer effects have not been investigated. To examine the anti-cancer activity of α-cubebenoate, we investigated its effects on the proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of CT26 cells. The viabilities of CT26 cells (a murine colorectal carcinoma cell line) and HCT116 cells (a human colon cancer cell line) were remarkably and dose-dependently diminished by α-cubebenoate, whereas the viability of CCD-18Co cells (a normal human fibroblast cell line) were unaffected. Furthermore, α-cubebenoate treatment increased the number of apoptotic CT26 cells as compared with Vehicle-treated cells and increased Bax, Bcl-2, Cas-3, and Cleaved Cas-3 protein levels by activating the MAP kinase signaling pathway. α-Cubebenoate also suppressed CT26 migration by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, similar reductions were observed in the expression levels of some migration-related proteins including VEGFA, MMP2, and MMP9. Furthermore, reduced VEGFA expression was found to be accompanied by the phosphorylations of FAK and MLC in the downstream signaling pathway of adhesion protein. The results of the present study provide novel evidence that α-cubebenoate can stimulate apoptosis and inhibit metastasis by regulating the MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and FAK/MLC signaling pathways.     

Bio-supported of Cu nanoparticles on the surface of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles mediated by Hibiscus sabdariffa extract: Evaluation of its catalytic activity for synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]chromenes and study of its anti-colon cancer properties

In this work, we have described the biogenic synthesized copper nanoparticles being supported over plant phytochemicals modified magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. Hibiscus sabdariffa extract was used as a green reducing agent and an excellent stabilizer of the synthesized NPs. The biomolecules are adorned as a protective shell over the core ferrite NPs. Physicochemical characterization of the as-synthesized Cu-Hibiscus@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite was carried out through Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental mapping (WDX), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The as-synthesized bio-nanomaterial was used as an excellent heterogeneous and magnetically retrievable catalyst in the three-component condensation of 4-hydroxycoumarin, malononitrile and various aldehydes in refluxing aqueous media. A broad range of aromatic aldehydes underwent the reaction to produce diverse pyrano[3,2-c]chromene derivatives in very good yields irrespective of the nature of bearing functional groups or their respective geometrical positions. Due to superparamagentic character, the material was easily magnetically decanted out and recycled for 8 successive times with preservation of its catalytic activity. After the chemical applications we also explored the material biologically in the resistance of human colon cancer and thereby studied the cytotoxicity over two standard cell lines, HT-29 and Caco-2. The conventional MTT assay was carried out over them which revealed an increase in % cell viability dose dependantly. In addition, DPPH radical scavenging test was performed for studying anti-oxidant activity, using BHT as the positive control. The IC50 values observed in the two cell lines were 490.12 μg/ml and 412.23 μg/ml respectively. The results validate the administration of Cu-Hibiscus@Fe₃O₄ as a competent colon protective drug in the clinical trial studies over human.     

Analysis of amino acids and biogenic amines in breast cancer cells by capillary electrophoresis using polymer solutions containing sodium dodecyl sulfate

We describe simultaneous analysis of naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA)-amino acid and NDA-biogenic amine derivatives by CE in conjunction with light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence detection using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solutions containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). After sample injection, via EOF 0.1% PEO prepared in 100 mM TB solution (pH 9.0) containing 30 mM SDS entered a capillary filled with 0.5 M TB solution (pH 10.2) containing 40 mM SDS. Under this condition, 14 NDA-amino acid and NDA-amine derivatives were separated within 16 min, with high efficiency ((1.0–3.2) × 10⁵ theoretical plates) and sensitivity (LODs at S/N = 3 ranging from 2.06 to 19.17 nM). In the presence of SDS and PEO, analytes adsorption on the capillary wall was suppressed, leading to high efficiency and reproducibility. The intraday analysis RSD values (n = 3) of the mobilities for the analytes are less than 0.52%. We have validated the practicality of this approach by quantitative determination of 9 amino acids in breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and 10 amino acids in normal epithelial cells (H184B5F5/M10). The concentrations of Tau and Gln in the MCF-7 cells were different than those in the H184B5F5/M10 cells, respectively. Our results show the potential of this approach for cancer study.     

黔产市售鱼腥草中重金属含量分析及膳食风险评估

为研究黔产市售鱼腥草中铅、镉、铬、砷4种重金属的含量水平及其膳食健康风险水平。以贵州贵阳(GY)、遵义(ZY)、铜仁(TR)、安顺(AS)、毕节(BJ)、六盘水(LPS)、黔东南(QDN)、黔西南(QXN)、黔南(QN)等9个市(州)市售鱼腥草为研究对象,利用微波消解处理样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定样品中的4种重金属含量,利用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法对重金属的污染程度进行评价,利用目标危害系数法进行膳食风险评估。结果显示,鱼腥草中Pb含量为0.084～0.12 mg/kg, Cd含量为0.041～0.068 mg/kg, Cr含量为0.076～0.43 mg/kg, As含量为0.074～0.14 mg/kg。TR、QDN、ZY市售鱼腥草Pb的单项污染指数均大于1,9个市(州)市售鱼腥草Cd、Cr、As的单项污染指数均小于1。不同市(州)市售鱼腥草的内梅罗综合污染指数大小次序为1>TR>QDN>ZY>AS>GY>BJ>QXN>0.7≥QN>LPS。单一重金属的膳食健康风险指数(THQ)总体上...     

Occurrence of betablockers in effluents of wastewater treatment plants from the Lyon area (France) and risk assessment for the downstream rivers

Five betablockers (oxprenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, bisoprolol, betaxolol) were analysed in effluents collected over a 3-month period from wastewater treatment plants (WTP) from the Lyon area in France. The analytical protocol consisted of solid phase extraction of the dissolved aqueous phase on HLB cartridges and analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass detection (GC-MS) after derivatization. Concentrations of metoprolol, propranolol and bisoprolol varied from 45 to 2838 ng/L whereas oxprenolol and betaxolol were never detected in these effluent samples. A high variability of betablockers concentrations and fluxes was observed between WTP effluents and within each WTP over the time period studied. Considering a flux per person for a dry weather period, Fontaine plant was pointed out as the less efficient WTP, which might be explained by its type of treatment (biological aerated filters). But we need additional analysis of effluent and influent waters to confirm this hypothesis. A tentative approach of local environmental risk assessment of propranolol based on the calculation of PEC/PNEC (predicted environmental concentration/predicted non effect concentration) ratio approach lead us to conclude on a negligible risk for the downstream rivers (Rhône river at Ternay and Saône river at Couzon Mt d’Or).     

The regulation of microRNA in each of cancer stage from two different ethnicities as potential biomarker for breast cancer

miRNA has recently emerged as a potential biomarker for breast cancer. Even though many studies have identified ethnic variation affecting miRNA regulation, the effect of cancer stage within specific ethnicities on miRNA epigenetic remains unclear. The present study is designed to investigate miRNA regulation from two distinct ethnicities in specific cancer stages (non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black) using the TCGA dataset. Differentially expressed miRNAs were calculated by using the edgeR package. miRNAs with the highest or lowest log fold Change from each cancer stage were selected as a potential biomarker. miRNA-gene interaction was analyzed by using spearman correlation analysis, CLUEGO, and DIANA-mirpath. The association of biomarker candidates with diagnostic and prognostic performance was assessed using ROC and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. miRNA-gene interaction analysis revealed the involvement of selected miRNAs in cancer progression. From eleven selected aberrant miRNAs, four of the miRNAs (hsa-mir-495, hsa-mir-592, hsa-mir-6501, and hsa-mir-937) are significantly detrimental to breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Hence, our result provides valuable information to explore miRNA’s role in each cancer stage between non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black.