Radiation fluctuations in a three-mirror system: II. Radiation noise in a three-mirror system

The mode of operation of a three-mirror system for the case where one of the cavities is filled with a gain medium, while the other contains two cells with gain and absorbing media, has been investigated. The behavior of the amplitude and phase noises of the gain and absorbing media in both arms of the three-mirror system has also been analyzed. It is shown that the presence of a gain cell narrows the absorption line and increases the resonance absorption contrast.     

Possibility of suppressing quantum light fluctuations when excess photon fluctuations occur inside a cavity

Using the optical excitation of a high-Q cavity as an example, it is shown that when light is observed at the output of this cavity, effective suppression of the photocurrent shot noise below the quantum limit is in general independent of the parameters of the stationary state of the field oscillator (in particular, it is independent of the rms photon fluctuations) inside the cavity and can occur not only at any allowed negative value but even at a positive value of the Mandel parameter. It was assumed in solving the problem that the cavity is optically excited by superimposing the radiation of a sub-Poisson laser and a laser with excess photon noise. A formal solution was obtained in terms of the kinetic equation for the density matrix of the actual fields (inside the laser cavities and the empty cavity), which is derived here on the basis of the Heisenberg-Langevin quantum equations, taking into account directed propagation of the field from the laser cavities inside the empty cavity. The resulting kinetic equation can also be used to solve other physical problems, since it is applicable to optical systems that contain, in principle, an arbitrary number of coupled cavities and interference mixers. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 111, 1579–1600 (May 1997)     

Supernarrow saturated absorption resonances in weakly coupled two resonant optical cavities

The advantages of the weakly coupled two resonant optical cavities (hereinafter referred to as three-mirror cavity) used for observation of the supernarrow saturated absorption resonances are shown. Among these advantages we can name: (a) the possibility to control the intensity in the cavity with the inside absorbing cell which is important when the gain and absorption saturation parameters differ significantly; (b) the resonances observation from the ‘passive’ side of the three-mirror cavity permits us to decrease drastically the influence of the reflected signal from the detector; (c) if instead of the absorbing cell an active system is put in (gain plus absorption), it is possible by tuning the operating mode of the active interferometer to obtain many-fold gain of the supernarrow resonance amplitude. Received: 11 January 2000 / Revised version: 20 June 2000 / Published online: 9 February 2001     

Generation of Coupled Modes in an Unmatched Three-Mirror Laser Cavity

An extraordinary phenomenon of generation of coupled types of oscillations with a transverse field distribution corresponding to the ТЕМ _pq eigenmodes with different pairs of indices p and q in the main laser cavity and in an external cavity has been experimentally detected. The excitation of coupled modes depends on the configuration and tuning of partial cavities. To solve the system of integral equations for a three-mirror cavity with mismatched spherical mirrors in the quasioptical approximation, it has been proposed to use modified boundary conditions including the coupling coefficients for eigenmodes in partial cavities.     

二维太赫兹探测成像光学系统设计

二维太赫兹探测成像适用于以太赫兹波作为探测波的安全检查和质量控制等方面。为实现大视场的二维太赫兹探测成像光学系统设计,根据匹兹万条件,分析了光学三反系统面型,并提出了一种反远距离轴三反结构,设计了视场角为20°×20°,焦距为70mm,F数为3.5的离轴三反光学系统。设计结果表明,该光学系统调制传递函数接近衍射极限,各个视场的点列图均方根半径均远小于艾里斑半径,具有良好的成像质量,满足设计要求。     

宽视场长焦距离轴三反射镜光学系统的设计

分析了离轴三反射镜系统成像特性．根据共轴三反射镜光学系统像差理论，确定结构参数的基本计算公式．设计了长焦宽视场的离轴三反射镜光学系统，分析了系统结构参量对像差的影响．结果表明，该系统视角较大，地面复益范围较宽，成像质量接近衍射极限．     

具有实入瞳的远心离轴三反系统研究与设计

采用远心离轴三反成像系统的空间遥感仪器前有光束限制装置时,要求系统具有实入瞳与之匹配。为了满足这一需要,研究了孔径光阑位于主镜前与系统物方焦平面重合的离轴三反系统的设计问题,推导了主镜和三镜共面时离轴三反系统结构参数计算式及物方焦点与主镜间隔表达式,确定了实现系统物方焦点为实焦点的条件及其解法。据此,针对光谱范围为1.0～2.5μm、F数为4、有效焦距为360mm、视场为5°的设计要求,设计出整个波段全视场像质接近衍射极限的具有实入瞳的远心离轴三反系统,系统非球面最高次数为4次。设计结果表明,这种设计方法可用于实入瞳远心离轴三反成像系统的设计。     

太赫兹成像准光学系统设计

为了设计出适用于太赫兹波段成像的光学系统,综合分析了各种成像系统的特点,其中离轴三反射式光学系统具有独特的优势。通过对离轴三反射式光学系统的设计原理、设计方法和步骤的详细介绍,利用ZEMAX光学设计软件,通过编写简单的ZPL宏指令以及光阑和视场离轴,设计了工作在太赫兹波段、入瞳大小250 mm、瞬时视场1 mrad、焦距800 mm、F数3.2的系统,实现了可用于太赫兹波段无中心遮拦的离轴三反射式准光学成像系统设计。     

共轴三反光学系统卧式装调技术

共轴三反光学系统是空间光学遥感器常用的设计形式,以“高分一号”遥感卫星高分辨率相机装调为例,对共轴三反系统计算机辅助装调技术进行了研究。提出以主镜光轴为装调基准,通过调整三镜控制系统视场和调整次镜控制系统像差的装调方法,分析了次镜和三镜的失调量与Zernike系数变化关系,由光学设计软件求得系统灵敏度矩阵,用于指导系统装调工作,提高了装调精度,缩短了装调周期。测试结果表明:光学系统各视场Zernike系数优于0.05λ,系统波相差RMS值优于0.06λ,系统通过在轨成像测试,图像清晰,层次丰富。     

离轴三反红外双波段景象模拟器光学系统设计

 针对红外双波段成像系统性能测试与评估的应用需求,设计了3 μm～5 μm和8 μm～12 μm红外双波段视景仿真用离轴三反光学系统。在共轴三反光学系统成像理论基础上,分析了孔径光栏远离主镜的离轴三反系统像差特性,研究了大出瞳距、大相对孔径条件下离轴三反光学系统的结构设计和像差平衡方法。系统焦距为330 mm,F#为3,视场为6°×4.5°,出瞳距为750 mm,在空间频率10 lp/mm 处,中波红外MTF>0.65,长波红外MTF>0.4,接近衍射极限。具有大视场、大出瞳距、高分辨率、结构紧凑等特点。     

Diode-pumped -switched Nd:YVO(4) yellow laser with intracavity sum-frequency mixing

A compact high-power yellow pulsed laser has been demonstrated by use of intracavity sum-frequency mixing in a diode-end-pumped Q -switched Nd:YVO(4) dual-wavelength laser. A three-mirror configuration forming two separate laser cavities is used to optimize the gain match for simultaneous dual-wavelength emission in Q -switched operation. Under the optimum cavity-length condition, the highest yellow average power is 340 mW and the peak power is 2 kW, obtained at 12.5 W of pump power.     

紧凑型自由曲面离轴三反系统设计

针对小型化反射式光学系统的设计要求,采用新型的离轴三反光路形式和自由曲面,实现了F#为1.8,对角线视场角7.5°的紧凑型自由曲面离轴三反系统,光线在系统内多次重叠,系统波像差全视场平均值为0.017λ(λ=10 μm)。相比非球面离轴三反系统,该系统具有体积小、透过率高、大视场、无中心遮拦、多波段成像等优点。     

主三镜一体化离轴三反光学天线设计

为提高空间激光通信离轴三反光学天线的装调效率,需要对反射镜总的装调自由度进行优化设计。基于共轴三反无焦系统的设计原理,提出一种主三镜一体化的设计方法,并推导了光学系统结构参数之间的关系,利用Zemax光学软件设计了一种结构紧凑、主三镜一体化的离轴三反光学天线。设计结果表明:全视场光学像质优于衍射极限,主镜和三镜空间位置相接近,可共母板加工和面形共基准检测,为主三镜的一体化加工提供了方法。光学天线的装调自由度减少了6个,降低了装调难度,提高了装调效率。     

Passive noise control by enhancing aeroacoustic interference due to structural discontinuities in close proximity

In-duct devices are commonly installed in flow ducts for various flow management purposes. The structural construction of these devices indispensably creates disruption to smooth flow through duct passages so they exist as structural discontinuities in duct flow. The presence of these discontinuities provides additional possibility of noise generation. In real practice, in-duct devices do not exist alone in any duct system. Even though each in-duct device would generate its own noise, it might be possible that these devices could be properly arranged so as to strengthen the interference between individual noise; thus giving rise to an overall reduction of noise radiation in the in-duct far field. This concept of passive noise control is investigated by considering different configurations of two structural discontinuities of simple form (i.e., a cavity) in tandem in an unconfined flow and in opposing setting within a flow duct. It is known that noise generated by a cavity in unconfined domain (unconfined cavity) is strongly dependent on flow-resonant behavior within the cavity so the interference it produces is merely aeroacoustic. The objective of the present study is to verify the concept of passive noise reduction through enhancement of aeroacoustic interference due to two cavities by considering laminar flow only. A two-dimensional approach is adopted for the direct aeroacoustic calculations using a direct numerical simulation (DNS) technique. The position and geometries of the cavities and the Mach number are varied; the resultant aeroacoustic behavior and acoustic power are calculated. The numerical results are compared with a single cavity case to highlight the effect of introducing additional cavities to the aeroacoustic problem. Resonant flow oscillations occur when two unconfined cavities are very close and the associated acoustic field is very intense with no noise reduction possible. However, for duct aeroacoustics, it is found that a 7.9 db reduction of acoustic power in the downstream side of the duct or a total reduction of ∼6 db is possible with opposing cavities having an offset of half a cavity length. In addition, the reduction is shown to be free from lock-on with trapped modes of the ducts with cavities.     

基于随机共振进行弱信号探测的实验研究

非线性随机共振系统可利用噪声增强微弱信号检测的能力,为强噪声背景下微弱信号的检测开创了新方法.基于随机共振的基本原理设计了硬件电路系统,并将其应用于检测单频和多频微弱信号;通过输入模拟工程实际的带噪信号,采样所得的输出信号的频谱分析结果表明,利用随机共振技术可从强噪声背景下有效地提取出单频和多频弱信号.多频弱信号的有效提取拓展了基于随机共振原理的弱信号检测技术的应用领域,结合数字滤波处理技术有效地消除了低频噪声对信号识别的影响.基于随机共振的弱信号检测技术在信息识别与信息处理方面具有巨大的潜在的应用价值.     

Coupling transfer matrix method to finite element method for analyzing the acoustics of complex hollow body networks

This paper exposes a procedure to couple multiport transfer matrices to finite elements for analyzing the acoustics of automotive hollow body networks with a minimum of memory requirements and computational time. Generally, hollow body networks are made up from a series of elongated fluid partitions similar to ducts or waveguides. These fluid partitions generally contain complex elements: junctions, noise control elements, and cavities. The location and type of these elements in the network, mainly the noise control elements (e.g., sealing parts), may impact the noise inside a car. In the proposed hybrid method, the elongated fluid partitions are modeled with fluid finite elements. All complexities are modeled with two-port or multiport transfer matrices. The coupling of these matrices to finite elements is naturally done at the weak integral formulation stage of the acoustical problem. The coupling does not add any degrees of freedom to, nor modify, the original finite element matrix system. Consequently, changing locations and types of noise control elements in the hollow body network is fast and does not require rebuilding the finite element system. This enables optimizing the acoustics of a complex network on a desktop computer. The hybrid method is compared to experimental results on a tee-shaped hollow body networks. Good correlations are obtained.     

Effects of noise on excitable dissipative solitons

We study the effects of noise on excitable DS found on nonlinear Kerr cavities, showing that the system exhibits coherence resonance, characterized by a maximum degree of regularity for intermediate noise intensities. This behavior is observed for two different ways of applying noise: an additive white uncorrelated spatio-temporal noise and including fluctuations in the intensity of an addressing beam.     

腔外原子操作控制腔内原子的纠缠特性

考虑初始处于W态的三个二能级原子,将其中两个原子同时分别注入处于真空态的两个腔中并发生共振相互作用的情况.采用数值计算方法,研究了对腔外原子的旋转操作和测量对腔内原子纠缠性质的影响.研究结果表明,通过对腔外原子的旋转操作和选择性测量可控制腔内原子的纠缠性质.     

Cavity-enhanced spectroscopy in fiber cavities

We discuss the relative merits of passive and active fiber cavities for ring-down. Ring-down times of approximately 2 micros were recently demonstrated in passive cavities, but operation is restricted to weak evanescent wave interaction. We report on active cavities with amplifiers used for loss compensation, permitting the use of open-path micro-optic cells. Ring-down times of tens of microseconds can readily be achieved and extended to several hundred microseconds in gain-clamped cavities, but relaxation oscillations and system drift impose limits on accuracy and repeatability. A cavity enhancement of 2 orders of magnitude is realistically possible, and sensitivity may be further enhanced if ring-down is combined with established spectroscopic methods.     

Optical transfer functions of Kerr nonlinear cavities and interferometers

We present the optical transfer functions for third-order nonlinear cavities that involve an optical carrier frequency and its modulation sideband fields. Our approach is based on linearized transformations and provides a convenient tool to calculate squeezed light sources as well as complex interferometer topologies, containing subsystems that involve intensity dependent phase shifts, i.e., optical Kerr media. As the result we present the noise spectral density of a Michelson interferometer with Kerr nonlinear arm cavities and resonant sideband extraction and find that quantum noise can be squeezed by arbitrary amounts even outside the cavity linewidth. Such a system might apply for future gravitational wave detectors or simply for a continuous wave source of squeezed states.