Polysaccharides ofEremurus. X. Characteristics of the polysaccharides ofEremurus lactiflorus andE. luteus

Water-soluble polysaccharides have been isolated from two species ofEremurus — E. lactiflorus andE. luteus — with yields of 13.5% and 20.5%, respectively. They contained mainly glucose and mannose in ratios of 1:5 and 1:3.1. The polysaccharides ofE. lactiflorus were separated from a column of DEAE-cellulose. The yield of neutral fraction was 10.3%. Gel filtration of the polysaccharides on Sephadex G-200 showed their polydispersity. Homogeneous fractions were obtained by fractional precipitation with ethanol. They have been characterized with respect to monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and IR spectra.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 604–608, September–October, 1979.     

Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants. II. Isolation and characterization of the polysaccharides ofBiebersteinia multifida

The polysaccharides of the tuberous roots ofBiebersteinia multifida D. C. have been isolated and characterized. The neutral polysaccharide consists of a mixture of three glucans — A, B, and C — with molecular weights of 4100, 2200, and 1100, respectively, formed by D-glucopyran residues linked by bonds.Deceased.Institute of the Chemistry of Plants Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 755–757, November–December, 1985.     

Chemical investigation of biomass of a culture of ginseng cells III. Polysaccharides of a callus culture of ginseng

A water-soluble polysaccharide fraction has been isolated from a callus culture of ginseng with a yield of 16–20%. It has been shown that it included starch a and acidic polysaccharides — arabinogalactans and a xyloglucan.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Biochemical Machinery Design, USSR Ministry of the Medical Industry, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 771–772, November–December, 1989.     

Carbohydrates ofSymphytum asperum

It has been shown that the carbohydrates ofSymphytum asperum L. — a promising fodder plant — include water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances, protopectin, hemicelluloses, a glucomannan, and cellulose. The quantitative amounts of the polysaccharide fractions in the raw material have been established and their characteristics are given. The protopectins of the leaves and stems ofSymphytum asperum L. have been characterized. Their macromolecules are based on a fragment constructed of D-galacturonic acid residues linked by -glycosidic bonds.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 15–20, January–February, 1984.     

Chemical synthesis and enzymatic assembly of fragments of the DNA coding immunodominant epitopes of human immunodeficiency virus

More than twenty 13- to 55-membered oligo(poly)nucleotides have been synthesized by the H-phosphonate solid-phase method in the manual variant using an original procedure. From the oligonucleotides obtained, seven DNA duplexes coding immunodominant epitopes of HIV-1 proteins have been formed: 598–609 and 737–748 gp41, 91–115 and 105–115 gag, and 940–951 pol and a number of its mutants. The ligase assembly and polymerization of the DNA duplexes obtained has been carried out. The efficiency of ligation amounted to from 60 to 90%. The possibility of their directed polymerization was determined by the flanking of the duplexes by partially completed half-sites of restrictases BamHI and XhoI.Abbreviations adopted: HIV-1 — human immunodeficiency virus, type 1; (+)-chain — the coding chain — and (–)-chain the chain complementary to the coding chain of the DNA duplex; CPG — controlled-pore glass; PAAG — polyacrylamide gel; Py — pyridine.D. I. Ivanovskii Institute of Virology, USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow. V. A. Engel'gardt Institute of Molecular Biology, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 393–399, May–June, 1990.     

Some characteristics of the alkali-soluble protein from the red alga Furcellaria fastigiata

Summary From the red agar-bearing alga furcellaria we have isolated an alkali-soluble protein. Its aminoacid composition and N-terminal acid — arginine — have been determined. It has been shown to belong to the group of glycoproteins. One of the possible types of carbohydrate — protein bonds is a O-glycosidic bond.Odeassa Institute of Building Engineering. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 400–404, May–June, 1975.     

Analogs of oxytocin with L- and D-pentafluorophenylalanines in the second position

Summary 1. The separation of pentafluorophenylalanine into optical antipodes has been effected.2. Two new analogs of oxytocin — [2-L-pentafluorophenylalanine]oxytocin and [2-D-pentafluorophenylalanine]oxytocin — have been synthesized and their uterotonic activities have been studied.3. It has been shown that donor — acceptor interaction plays a fundamental role in the stimulation of the biological effect.A. A. Zhdanov Leningrad State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 392–398, May–June, 1977.     

Phytoglycolipids of the grape

The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the grape and its component parts — flesh, skin, seeds — have been studied. Ten fractions have been identified, the main ones being cerebrosides and monogalactosyldiglycerides. The compositions of the fatty acids, of the sphingosine bases, of the sterols, and of the carbohydrates of the individual fraction of phytoglycolipids have been determined.Physicochemical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Odessa. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 296–300, May–June, 1984.     

Triterpene and steroid glycosides of the genusMelilotus and their genins III. Funkioside B and protodioscin from the seeds ofMelilotus tauricus

Two steroid glycosides belonging to the furostan series — funkioside B and protodioscin — have been isolated from the seeds of the plantMelilotus tauricus (Bieb.).Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 766–770, November–December, 1994.     

Accumulation of polysaccharides under the influence of chlorocholine chloride inAronia melanocarpa

Water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPSs) have been isolated from the fruit and leaves ofAronia melanocarpa Elliot (black chokeberry) plants treated with chlorocholine chloride in various concentrations. It has been established that they are composed of galacturonic acid and the neutral monosaccharides galactose, glucose, arabinose, xylose, and rhamnose. In addition, another two unidentified spots of monosaccharides or their derivatives were found in the polysaccharides of the fruit, and one in those of the leaves. The ratios of the neutral monosaccharides in the WSPSs have been determined. Accumulation of the polysaccharides under the influence of various concentrations of chlorocholine chloride has been studied. It has been established that the retardant used (chlorocholine chloride) increases the accumulation of polysaccharides in the fruit by a factor of 1.5–2, but no appreciable accumulation of them was observed in the leaves.I. P. Pavlov Ryazan' Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 601–604, September–October, 1979.     

Crystalline and molecular structures of the alkaloid delcosine

The molecular and crystalline structures of the diterpene alkaloid delcosine (iliensine) have been investigated by x-ray structural analysis. It has been confirmed that the OH group in ring A is located at C(1) and has the orientation. The rings in the molecule have the following conformations: A, B, and D — boat; C and F — envelope; E — chain. The ring linkages are: A/B — trans; A/E — cis; B/C — cis; B/D — cis; B/F — cis. The conformations and linkages of the rings are identical with those observed in lycoctonine.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 754–758, November–December, 1983.     

Polysaccharides ofPolygonatum II. A study of the dynamics of the accumulation of the polysaccharides ofPolygonatum sewerzowii

Summary The amounts of water-soluble polysaccharides in various organs ofPolygonatum sewerzowii in different vegetation periods have been determined and their polysaccharide compositions have been established.The maximum amount of water-soluble polysaccharides is present in the leaves and stems in the fruit-bearing period, in the roots at the time of budding, and in the rhizomes at the time of flowering. The quantitatively predominating component in the polysaccharides of the stems is galactose, and in the leaves, roots, and rhizomes, mannose. D-Mannose has been isolated from the rhizomes and leaves.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 3–5, January–February, 1979.     

Phytoecdysteroids of plants of the genus Melandrium I. Polypodin B 22-acetate from Melandrium turkestanicum

Known ecdysteroids — ecdysterone, ecdysterone 22-acetate, polypodin B, integristerone A, and sileneosides A and D — and a new phytoecdysteroid — polypodin B 22-acetate — have been found in the epigeal parts of the plantMelandrium turkestanicum (Rg1.) Vved. (family Caryophyllaceae).Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 480–483, July–August, 1990.     

Glycolipids of the woody verdure ofLarix sibirica

The compositions of the glycolipids of the main fractions of the woody verdure of the Siberian larch — needles and shoots — have been studied. The dynamics of the amounts of individual glycolipids in the course of vegetation have been established. The qualitative and quantitativae compositions of the fatty acids of the total glycolipids of the needles and shoots have been determined.Siberian Technological Institute, 660049, Krasnoyarsk, Prospekt Mira, 82. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 183–187, March–April, 1994.     

Polysaccharides ofAconitum zaravschanicum

The dynamics of the accumulation of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances of Aconitum zaravschanicum Steinb over the vegetation periods have been studied. The maximum amounts of polysaccharides have been established and their comparative physicohemical characteristics have been determined.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbekistan Republic, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 357–359, May–June, 1993.     

Use of the plastein reaction for the modification of cotton-plant proteins

Pronase hydrolysates have been obtained from cottonseed meal which were then used as a substrate for the performance of the plastein reaction. The possibility has been shown of introducing deficient amino acids — lysine methionine, threonine, and tryptophan — by means of this reaction.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 92–96, January–February, 1986.     

The seed oil of Catalpa. I

Summary 1. The fatty-acid compositions of the seed oils of catalpas cultivated in the Soviet Union have been studied.2. The oil content of the seeds is 21.2–36.7%, the refractive index 1.4905–1.5400, and the iodine number 184.8–201.7.3. The following fatty acids have been found in catalpa oil (%): palmitic — 1.3–4.3; stearic — 1.1–2.5; heneicosanoic — 0.5–5.2; oleic — 5.5–9.8; linoleic — 39.6–50.3; linolenic — 0.4–1.8; and eleostearic — 32.8–46.2.4. The most accurate results for characterizing the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids of the catalpa seed oils are given by Woburn's method of determining iodine numbers. The iodine numbers obtained experimentally agree with those calculated and consequently the addition of halogen to the system of double bonds takes place at all the double bonds.5. The degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids of catalpa oil characterized by the iodine numbers and refractive indices increases in the sequence of species southern, northern, teas, Chinese and has a tendency to rise on passing to more northerly zones, which is one more piece of evidence confirming the correctness of S. L. Ivanov's climatic theory of the structure of fats.Kalinin Polytechnic Institute. Moscow Branch of the All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Fats. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 331–337, May–June, 1977.     

Triterpene and steroid glycosides of the genusMelilotus and their genins IV. Trillin and dioscin from the seeds ofMelilotus tauricus

Two steroid glycosides belonging to the spirostan series — trillin and dioscin — have been isolated from the seeds of the plantMelilotus tauricus (Bieb.) Ser.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 770–772, November–December, 1994.     

Detection and synthesis of a synergist of the sex pheromone of the cotton bollworm

The synergisic properties of docosa-5Z, 17Z-diene — one of the by-products of the synthesis of the synthetic cotton bollworm pheromone — have been revealed.A. S. Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax 627071. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 130–132, January–February, 1994.     

Ionization constants of a number of alkaloids used in medicine

The pK_a values of a number of alkaloids in water or in aqueous ethanol have been measured by the potentiometric titration method: nuphleine — 4.59, 6.98; brevicolline — 5.17, 8.02; chelidonine — 6.40; sanguinarine — 7.32; chelerythrine — 7.53; stepharine — 8.48; d-pseudoephedrine — 9.49. For nuphleine and brevicolline, each of which has two nitrogen atoms capable of protonation, assignments have been made of pK_a values to the corresponding atoms on the basis of the results of UV spectroscopy.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 337–341, May–June, 1984.