超临界流体制备微发泡聚合物材料的研究进展

以超临界流体为物理发泡剂制备的微发泡聚合物材料具有小的泡孔尺寸和高的泡孔密度,从而赋予材料优异的性能.本文首先阐述了微发泡聚合物材料的制备原理,以及聚合物微发泡过程中泡孔形成的四个阶段;基于这些认识,针对微发泡聚合物材料泡孔形态的改善,即增加泡孔密度、减小泡孔尺寸以及均化泡孔尺寸分布,从加强泡孔成核、控制泡孔增长的角度综述了近年来的研究进展;最后对如何有效控制泡孔形态提出了建议,并对微发泡聚合物材料的应用前景进行了展望.     

聚合物及其碳纳米粒子复合体系微孔发泡与电磁屏蔽研究进展

结合作者课题组的工作,对近年来基于超临界CO_2的聚合物微孔发泡以及聚合物/碳纳米粒子复合体系的微孔发泡与电磁屏蔽进行了综述。首先对单一聚合物、多元聚合物和热固性聚合物的微孔发泡、泡孔结构和泡沫性能进行归纳总结,指出通过共混、共聚、结晶、交联网络与发泡工艺的调控可以获得泡孔尺寸更小、泡孔密度更高的聚合物微孔泡沫。随后,对热塑性聚合物/碳纳米粒子复合体系、热固性聚合物/碳纳米粒子复合体系的微孔发泡进行了综述,着重介绍了碳纳米粒子与泡孔结构之间的相互作用,指出借助于微孔发泡过程可以诱导碳纳米粒子在泡壁中富集、聚并、相互连接形成导电通道,从而制备出具有优异导电性和电磁屏蔽效应的轻质聚合物微孔材料。最后,对聚合物微孔材料以及聚合物微孔复合材料的未来发展提出了一些自己的看法。     

具有双峰泡孔结构的聚合物微发泡材料研究进展

聚合物发泡材料因其多孔结构及轻量化、冲击韧性好、隔热、吸音等性能而广泛应用于包装、建筑、隔热、吸音、组织支架、吸油等领域。相比于含单峰泡孔结构的发泡材料,具有双峰泡孔结构的聚合物微发泡材料因小泡孔可以提供良好的力学性能、隔热性能等,而大泡孔能够降低材料的表观密度,表现出更优异的性能。近年来,含双峰泡孔的微发泡材料备受关注。本文综述了具有双峰泡孔结构的聚合物微发泡材料的最新研究进展,包括双峰泡孔结构的制备方法、性能及其在力学、吸声、隔热以及组织工程等领域的应用,以及值得深入研究的问题和未来发展前景。     

微孔发泡机理研究进展

微孔发泡塑料是一种泡孔直径在微米级的新型发泡材料。本文对微孔发泡机理的研究进展进行了综述,分别介绍了微孔发泡过程中聚合物-气体均相体系形成、气泡成核、气泡增长以及定型3个关键步骤机理的研究进展,阐述了其中的基本理论和模型,最后提出了机理研究中亟待解决的问题,并对微孔发泡机理今后的研究进行了展望。     

微孔发泡聚合物基导电复合材料的研究进展

概述了用超临界流体作为物理发泡剂对聚合物基导电复合材料进行微孔发泡的基本原理,总结了聚合物基导电复合材料及其微发泡复合材料的几种导电机理,简要介绍了近年来微孔发泡聚合物基导电复合材料电学性能的研究现状。并从微发泡聚合物基导电复合材料的基体特性、所使用的导电填料类型、导电填料的含量、填料在基体中的分散方法及微发泡复合材料的泡孔形态等几个方面,分析了影响微孔发泡聚合物基导电复合材料电学性能的主要因素,并展望了新型微孔发泡聚合物基导电复合材料的研究和发展趋势。     

模腔温度对注塑微孔发泡POM盖板泡孔结构和表面质量的影响

研发一种包含电加热和水冷却的快速热循环成型技术,以改善采用超临界氮气为物理发泡剂的注塑微孔发泡聚甲醛(POM)盖板的表面质量.通过优化设计,整个模具型腔表面的温度均匀性得到明显改善.定量研究模腔表面温度(T_M)对注塑微孔发泡POM盖板的泡孔结构和表面质量的影响,并分析相关的机理.结果表明,提高T_M可减小微孔发泡POM盖板的未发泡皮层厚度,但使其泡孔的直径少量增加、分布均匀性降低.使T_M从40提高至150℃可明显改善微孔发泡POM盖板的表面质量、减小表面粗糙度达85%,而不会明显增加成型周期.T_M取150℃时可消除常规注塑微孔发泡存在的制品表面缺陷.T_M要适当高(约130℃)以在改善微孔发泡POM盖板表面质量的同时保持良好的泡孔结构.     

超临界CO_2技术制备微孔聚合物中的基本问题

微发泡聚合物材料以环境友好的超临界CO2为发泡剂,具有优异的材料性能.本文对本课题组的研究工作做了归纳总结,对聚合物微发泡中CO2的传质、微发泡过程中泡孔结构参数的变化以及多相/多组分聚合物体系的微发泡行为等内容做了针对性的综述.结合对聚合物微发泡过程理论模拟研究工作的评述,展望了超临界CO2微发泡技术未来的发展方向.     

用超临界CO_2制备微孔聚苯乙烯/热致液晶聚合物原位复合材料

微孔聚合物是80年代初发明的一种新型多孔材料,其特征为:泡孔直径1～10 μm,泡孔密度109～1012cells/cm3,相对密度0.05～0.95.具有缺口冲击强度高、韧性高、比强度高、疲劳寿命长、热稳定性高、介电常数低和导热系数低等优异性能.同时,制备微孔聚合物使用无公害、易回收的CO2和N2替代对臭氧层有害的氯氟烃(氟利昂)和易燃的碳氢化合物等作为发泡剂,是一种新型绿色材料[1].在微孔聚合物中使用超临界流体是90年代初提出的新方法[2～4],可缩短加工时间,同时制得泡孔直径更小、泡孔密度更大的微孔材料.目前研究中,对聚合物多相体系的研究报道很少,只有HIPS[5]、PE/iPP[6]和PVC/木纤维复合材料[7]等少数体系的报道,而聚合物多相体系的研究是材料科学的主要研究领域.可以预见,加入少量第二组分的共混物为基体的微孔材料可以达到更为优异的性能.本工作选择聚苯乙烯与热致液晶聚合物的原位复合材料为研究对象,采用超临界CO2快速降压法[3]制备微孔材料.在前期工作中,报道了该材料是一种综合了液晶聚合物的高强度和聚苯乙烯微孔材料轻质、高抗冲、保温隔音性能的具有仿生结构的新型复合材料[8].本文在此基础上,进一步研究热致液晶聚合物的加入对微孔结构的影响以及界面相容剂在微孔成型中的作用.     

用超临界CO_2制备环烯烃共聚物共混物微孔材料

微孔聚合物是80年代初发明的一种新型多孔材料，其特征为泡孔直径1～10μm，泡孔密度10^9～10^1^2cells/cm^3，相对密度0．05～0．95．具有缺口冲击强度高、韧性高、比强度高、疲劳寿命长、热稳定性高、介电常数低和导热系数低等优异性能．同时，制备微孔聚合物使用无公害、易回收的CO2     

超临界CO_2发泡法制备PLGA多孔组织工程支架

利用超临界CO2(SC-CO2)发泡法制备了一系列聚(乳酸-乙醇酸)共聚物(PLGA)多孔支架材料,研究了PLGA分子量和组成、发泡过程温度、压力以及泄压速率等对泡孔尺寸及形态的影响.结果表明,随着PLGA组成中乳酸含量的增加,泡孔平均孔径增大且连通性增强;提高过程压力易形成孔径小且泡孔密度大的微孔结构材料;降低泄压速率,泡孔易合并形成大孔.聚合物处于高弹态时,较低的发泡温度易导致特殊的多面体结构大孔的形成;而当温度较高时,泡孔塌缩形成球形微孔结构,且泡孔尺寸随着温度升高而增大.SC-CO2发泡法能有效地去除有机溶剂,避免在高温条件下操作,可以实现5～500μm范围内孔径可控的PLGA多孔支架材料的制备.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.