静电场电位边值问题唯一性定理的补充与完整证明

本文对静电场电位边值问题与解的唯一性定理作了补充与完整的证明.首先将区域边界与衔接边界从通常的混称中区分开来,确认了静电场边值问题中第三类边界条件应有的形式,在解的唯一性定理中增加了衔接条件和无限远边界条件,并根据数学表达式的形式重新归类。然后在区域边界条件、无限远边界条件和衔接条件下电位解的唯一性的证明中,讨论了第一、第三类边值问题电位解的唯一性与全二类边界条件下电位存在常数差的问题,解除了第三类边界条件系数为正的限制,说明了整个求解空间为无限大时适用的边值问题。最后通过例题说明了区域、无限远和衔接3种边界条件在解题中的应用。补充后的定理可以更好地作为解题和后续学习的依据和基础。     

用边界元法分析非均匀介质中的传输线

从静电场边值问题的积分解出发,推导出用边界元法求解分区均匀介质填充传输线问题的矩阵表达式,给出传输线电容参数的计算公式,介绍用边界元法求解分区均匀介质填充传输线问题的基本原理和求解过程。对两类传输线的计算结果表明：用边界元法求解分区均匀介质填充传输线问题,不仅具有较高的计算精度,而且可以很方便地应用于各类复杂截面分区均匀介质填充传输线问题的工程设计与计算,边界元法是求解分区均匀介质填充传输线问题的一种有效方法。     

用边界元法分析非均匀介质中的传输线

 从静电场边值问题的积分解出发,推导出用边界元法求解分区均匀介质填充传输线问题的矩阵表达式,给出传输线电容参数的计算公式,介绍用边界元法求解分区均匀介质填充传输线问题的基本原理和求解过程。对两类传输线的计算结果表明：用边界元法求解分区均匀介质填充传输线问题,不仅具有较高的计算精度,而且可以很方便地应用于各类复杂截面分区均匀介质填充传输线问题的工程设计与计算,边界元法是求解分区均匀介质填充传输线问题的一种有效方法。     

基于保角映射的格林函数法及其应用

将格林函数法与保角映射相结合,求解复杂形状边界的二维静电场边值问题,得出电场分布规律,并通过MATLAB数据处理软件的数值计算功能进行数值模拟,绘制出其电场线与等势线(面)分布图,验证了所得结论的正确性.此方法拓展了格林函数法的应用范围,为求解边界形状复杂的二维静电场的边值问题提供了一种新的思路和途径.     

三维静电场线性插值边界元中的解析积分方法

提出求解三维静电场的三角形线性插值边界元解析积分方法.针对含1/R和1/R²的积分项,将单元形状函数分解为常数项、含x的线性项和含y的线性项,从而将边界单元积分简化为6个基本积分组合,并导出其解析计算公式,避免了因形状函数改变而导致的重复计算.该方法不仅可以准确计算远离奇异情况下的边界元积分,而且可以准确计算一阶和二阶接近奇异积分以及一阶奇异积分.计算结果表明,在接近奇异积分和奇异积分比较突出的问题中,当数值积分方法不能给出正确结果时,用同样的边界元网格,解析积分方法可以给出正确的结果,提高了三维静电场线性插值边界元法的计算精度.     

两平行相交带电圆柱导体的空间电场

用镜象法求解由两平行相交带电圆柱导体所组成的柱形导体边界静电场边值问题,通过简单的数学分析,获得两类平行相交带电圆柱导体问题的空间电场分布．     

基于保角映射的镜像法的应用

将镜像法与保角变换法相结合,求解复杂形状边界的二维边值问题,得出电场分布规律,并通过Matlab数据处理软件的数值计算功能进行数值模拟,绘制出其电场线与等势线(面)分布图,验证了所得结论的正确性.此方法拓展了镜像法的应用范围,为求解边界形状复杂的二维静电场的边值问题提供了一种新的思路和途径.     

求解轴旋转空穴三维声辐射问题的复数矢径虚拟边界谱方法

基于虚拟边界积分法(或波叠加法),利用轴旋转空穴的儿何特性,将积分核函数和未知源强密度函数沿周向和子午线方向用Fourier级数展开,导出了轴旋转空穴辐射声压的谱表达式,进而采用复数矢径虚拟边界技术,建立了一种求解轴旋转空穴三维声辐射问题的新方法,可称之为复数矢径虚拟边界谱方法。该方法不仅不存在处理奇异积分问题,而且可在全波数域内有效克服解的非唯一性问题。通过与解析解的计算结果比较以及数值试验的验证表明,本文方法具有较高的计算精度和效率,且适用于较高频率范围的计算。     

分离圆柱面与偏心圆柱面静电场问题的镜象解

基于静电场的叠加原理和唯一性定理,用镜象法求解由两圆柱导体所组成的分离圆柱面与偏心圆柱面静电场边值问题,推导出分离圆柱面与偏心圆柱面静电场边值问题的解析解。     

利用镜像法求解劈形导体边界的讨论

镜像法是解析求解高对称性静电场边值问题的一种简便方法.本文研究劈形边界导电系统的镜像问题，此时导电劈的夹角α存在附加条件α=π/n(n=2,3,4,...),该附加条件是教学过程中学生的疑问点.镜像法求解静电问题的理论依据是唯一性定理，在保持边界条件与边值关系不变的原则下，推导导电劈夹角α的数学表述并解释分析其存在附加条件的原因.     

Solution of wave diffraction problems by the method of continued boundary conditions

Numerical solution of three-dimensional diffraction problems by the method of continued boundary conditions, which is known to be effective in the case of two-dimensional problems, is discussed. The basic idea of the method is that the boundary condition is imposed at a certain sufficiently small distance from the impedance surface that produces the diffraction field. This procedure reduces the boundary-value problem to the Fredholm integral equation of the first or second kind with a smooth kernel. Results are reported that show how to apply the MCBC most efficiently, depending on particular requirements regarding the accuracy of the solution and number of calculations. Examples illustrating the high efficiency of the approach are presented.     

On the formation of spot and magnetic cycles in the galactic cosmic ray intensity in the minima of solar activity

The problems of the determination and separation of variations in the galactic cosmic ray intensity, caused by the spot-forming activity and polarity of high-latitude solar magnetic fields, are discussed. Based on the solution of the boundary-value problem, some features in the intensity formation at solar cycle minima are formulated.     

Output error estimation for summation-by-parts finite-difference schemes

The paper develops a posteriori error estimates of integral output functionals for summation-by-parts finite-difference methods. The error estimates are based on the adjoint-weighted residual method and take advantage of a variational interpretation of summation-by-parts discretizations. The estimates are computed on a fixed grid and do not require an embedded grid or explicit interpolation operators. For smooth boundary-value problems containing first and second derivatives the error estimates converge to the exact error as the mesh is refined. The theory is verified using linear boundary-value problems and the Euler equations.     

On the solution of a vectorial radiative transfer equation in an arbitrary three-dimensional turbid medium with anisotropic scattering

The authors developed a numerical method of the boundary-value problem solution in the vectorial radiative transfer theory applicable to the turbid media with an arbitrary three-dimensional geometry. The method is based on the solution representation as the sum of an anisotropic part that contains all the singularities of the exact solution and a smooth regular part. The regular part of the solution could be found numerically by the finite element method that enables to extend the approach to the arbitrary medium geometry. The anisotropic part of the solution is determined analytically by the special form of the small-angle approximation. The method development is performed by the examples of the boundary-value problems for the plane unidirectional and point isotropic sources in a turbid medium slab.     

Biorthogonality and radiative transfer in finite slab atmospheres

It is shown that the exact solution of transfer problems of polarized light in finite slab atmospheres can be obtained from an eigenmode expansion, if there is a known set of adjoints defined appropriately to treat two-point, half-range boundary-value problems. The adjoints must obey a half-range biorthogonality relation.The adjoints are obtained in terms of Case's eigenvectors and the reflection or the transmission matrices. Half-range characteristic equations for the eigenvectors and their adjoints are derived, where the kernel functions of the integral operators are given by the boundary values of the source function matrix of the slab albedo problem. Spectral formulae are obtained for the surface Green's functions. A relationship is noted between the biorthogonality concept and some half-range forms of the transfer equation for the surface Green's functions and their adjoints. Linear and non-linear functional equations that are well known from an invariance approach, are derived from a new point of view. The biorthogonality concept offers the opportunity for a better understanding of mathematical structures and the nonuniqueness problem for solutions of such functional equations.     

三维润滑问题的数值分析

本文求解了轴承的三维润滑问题。使用格林函数方法,将基本方程化为求解区边界上的积分方程。采用空间曲边三角形单元离散边界,并用六结点等参数无数值求解积分方程,确定了速度场,压力场和边界上的应力。算例与解析解比较表明有较高的精度。其它一些典型问题的计算也给出满意的结果,表明本文方法对数值分析这类问题的有效性。     

Riemann-Hilbert problems for the Ernst equation and fibre bundles

Riemann-Hilbert techniques are used in the theory of completely integrable differential equations to generate solutions that contain a free function which can be used at least in principle to solve initial or boundary-value problems. The solution of a boundary-value problem is thus reduced to the identification of the jump data of the Riemann-Hilbert problem from the boundary data. But even if this can be achieved, it is very difficult to get explicit solutions since the matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem is equivalent to an integral equation. In the case of the Ernst equation (the stationary axisymmetric Einstein equations in vacuum), it was shown in a previous work that the matrix problem is gauge equivalent to a scalar problem on a Riemann surface. If the jump data of the original problem are rational functions, this surface will be compact which makes it possible to give explicit solutions in terms of hyperelliptic theta functions. In the present work, we discuss Riemann-Hilbert problems on Riemann surfaces in the framework of fibre bundles. This makes it possible to treat the compact and the non-compact case in the same setting and to apply general existence theorems.     

On the theory of heat and mass exchange between contacting spherical particles

The steady-state mass transfer of a chemically active impurity to the surface of a stationary dumbbell-shaped particle consisting of two solid contacting reacting spheres of different sizes is analyzed theoretically. The surrounding medium is at rest, and the numerical concentration of the reagent at a large distance from the aggregate of the spheres is maintained constant. The first-order chemical heterogeneous reaction occurs at a high finite rate and is assumed to be isothermal. The solution to the boundary-value diffusion problem is described by a Laplace axisymmetric equation in the system of tangential-spherical coordinates of revolution. A system of two second-order linear perturbed ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients are obtained using the zero-order integral Hankel transformation and its properties from the boundary conditions for transformed functions. Partial integrals and the mean auxiliary Sherwood numbers are obtained approximately. The solution to the formulated problem is used in various technological applications associated with combustion or chemical reactions at the interface between the continuous and discrete phases in the dispersed system, in meteorology, in analysis of problems associated with environmental pollution, etc.     

Diffraction of a plane wave from a wedge in a chiral medium

In a rigorous electrodynamic formulation, we have investigated diffraction of a plane wave in a chiral medium from a wedge with ideally conducting faces. The boundary-value problem is reduced to a system of functional equations which are transformed to Fredholm integral equations and singular integral equations. We have carried out an asymptotic analysis of the diffraction fields. The scattered field contains plane waves reflected by the faces and cylindrical waves due to the edges, having two opposite types of circular polarization, and also two refraction waves whose polarization corresponds to polarization of the slower characteristic wave in the chiral medium.This paper is dedicated to the memory of Professor M. S. Bobrovnikov.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 10, pp. 108–116, October, 1993.