蒸养再生骨料混凝土断裂声发射特征*

为研究蒸汽养护对再生骨料混凝土断裂过程损伤特征的影响,开展了再生骨料混凝土三点弯断裂试验,并采用声发射技术对损伤过程进行了监测分析。结果表明,蒸养降低了再生骨料混凝土断裂峰值荷载,断裂过程中声发射信号强度低于标准养护试件。声发射振铃计数、撞击数、b值等参数能够准确反映再生骨料混凝土断裂过程损伤演变规律。加载上升阶段,声发射信号活动性很低,试件内以微裂纹的形成为主,加载至荷载峰值,声发射振铃计数累计值增长呈现平缓阶段,混凝土内微裂缝的聚合会持续一段时间。峰值后荷载迅速降低阶段声发射信号最活跃,为裂缝迅速发展的过程。峰后荷载缓慢降低的过程,声发射信号活跃性降低,裂缝扩展至试件顶部区域,主要是宏观裂缝的开展,不再产生新的裂缝。     

基于三点弯曲试验的聚丙烯塑料颗粒混凝土 声发射分析*

为探讨掺入聚丙烯塑料颗粒(PP)对混凝土疲劳损伤的影响,以不同塑料颗粒掺量Wf (0、10%和20%)混凝土为研究对象,采用声发射技术,开展一系列三点弯曲疲劳试验。试验结果表明：掺入塑料颗粒后,混凝土疲劳寿命增大,断裂能增大,可承受的最大荷载降低,但挠度增大,塑性变形能力增强;AE（Acoustic Emission）定位的损伤源主要集中在跨中,首次峰值荷载前,AE事件偏少,AE定位可识别的内部疲劳损伤点较少,当接近疲劳破坏阶段,AE信号源急剧增加,且随着Wf越大,AE事件数量明显减少,AE事件主要出现在循环荷载波谷处;掺入塑料颗粒后,声发射信号次数显著降低,持续时间更短,且随着Wf的增加,声发射信号次数进一步降低。掺入PP塑料颗粒有助于缓解混凝土内部疲劳损伤,延长其疲劳寿命。     

钢筋混凝土动态粘结滑移声发射特性试验

为研究不同加载速率下钢筋混凝土粘结-滑移损伤破坏过程中的损伤特征,对钢筋混凝土粘结试件进行了0.01 mm/s～10 mm/s四种不同速度的拔出试验。采用实时动态的声发射监测技术对整个试验过程进行监测,对试验过程中的声发射信号进行声发射振幅-振铃计数特性及功率谱峰值频率特性分析。结果表明,随着滑移速率的增加,声发射振幅-振铃计数拟合曲线变缓,在0～50 k Hz和100～150 k Hz频率范围内的声发射事件比重分别减小和增加。损伤过程的声发射特性对钢筋混凝土粘结滑移损伤演化规律的研究具有重要的价值。     

纳米混凝土声发射特性分析及其力学参数与声发射参数关系的研究

本文对不同二氧化硅掺量的纳米混凝土进行单轴压缩声发射试验。试验结果表明:当二氧化硅掺入量不超过3%时,纳米混凝土的声发射活性随着二氧化硅掺入量的增加而明显增强。从时间角度出发,在以时间参数作为中间变量的基础上推导出声发射能量累计数与应变的耦合关系。利用基于weibull分布的混凝土损伤本构模型,进一步推导出声发射累计数与应力以及损伤之间的耦合关系。结果表明理论曲线和试验数据结果吻合程度较好。     

Acoustic emission during the development of a Lüders band in a low-carbon steel

The acoustic emission (AE) during the plastic deformation of a low-carbon steel is experimentally studied. The data obtained on the time localization of AE signals in a sample allow the motion of a Lüders band to be traced. The main informative AE parameters at various stages of plastic flow are analyzed. The results are compared with speckle video filming data and are supported by them. The possibilities of determining plastic deformation stages and Lüders band characteristics using acoustic emission are discussed.     

早龄期荷载及低温作用下的混凝土声发射特征试验研究*

井壁混凝土由于施工与环境特殊性导致其裂缝扩展情况异常,本文通过对不同早龄期荷载、低温条件下混凝土轴压破坏过程的声发射检测,分析井壁施工环境对混凝土内部裂缝产生、发展的影响。研究表明,早龄期荷载、低温单独作用时,与标养混凝土主要差异在轴压过程中的声发射初始阶段,对混凝土内部的原有收缩裂缝有所影响。当两者耦合作用时,早龄期荷载影响比低温作用显著,并且在早龄期荷载较大时会出现声发射信号"倒置"现象。     

混凝土材料声发射技术研究综述

本对混凝土材料声发射技术研究的历史，现状及涉及的领域进行了概括与总结。对混凝土材料声发射机理，声发射参数与力学参数间的关系。声发射在断裂力学中的应用，混凝土材料的凯塞效应与应用以及现代非线性理论和方法与声发射技术的结合等问题进行了评价与展望。     

高温高应变率下混凝土材料的损伤演化方程

采用?74 mm大口径分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)对不同温度(20、200、400℃)下的C45混凝土材料进行动态力学性能实验,得到了不同温度、不同应变率下混凝土材料的应力-应变曲线。实验结果表明:在20~400℃温度范围内,混凝土材料具有温度硬化和应变率硬化现象。基于上述实验数据给出了损伤变量关于塑性应变的关系式,并通过相关实验数据确定了不同温度、不同应变率下损伤演化方程的材料参数。将该损伤演化方程应用于混凝土材料的本构关系中,预测结果与实验数据具有较好的一致性,证明了所提出的高温、高应变率下混凝土材料损伤演化方程的合理性。     

Concrete damage diagnosed by using non-classical nonlinear acoustic method

<正>It is known that the strength of concrete is seriously affected by damage and cracking.In this paper,six concrete samples under different damage levels are studied.The experimental results show a linear dependence of the resonance frequency shift on strain amplitude at the fundamental frequency,and approximate quadratic dependence of the amplitudes of the second and third harmonics on strain amplitude at the fundamental frequency as well.In addition,the amplitude of the third harmonics is shown to increase with the increase of damage level,which is even higher than that of the second harmonics in samples with higher damage levels.These are three properties of non-classical nonlinear acoustics.The nonlinear parameters increase from 10~6 to 10~8 with damage level,and are more sensitive to the damage level of the concrete than the linear parameters obtained by using traditional acoustics methods.So,this method based on non-classical nonlinear acoustics may provide a better means of non-destructive testing(NDT) of concrete and other porous materials.     

Detection of stress corrosion cracking of high-strength steel used in prestressed concrete structures by acoustic emission technique

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of high-strength steel used in prestressed concrete structures was studied by acoustic emission technique (AE). A simulated concrete pore (SCP) solution at high-alkaline (pH ≈ 12) contaminated by sulphate, chloride, and thiocyanate ions was used. The evolution of the acoustic activity recorded during the tests shows the presence of several stages related respectively to cracks initiation due to the local corrosion imposed by corrosives species, cracks propagation and steel failure. Microscopic examinations pointed out that the wires exhibited a brittle fracture mode. The cracking was found to propagate in the transgranular mode. The role of corrosives species and hydrogen in the rupture mechanism of high-strength steel was also investigated. This study shows promising results for an potential use in situ of AE for real-time health monitoring of eutectoid steel cables used in prestressed concrete structures.     

高强混凝土单轴压缩声发射频率特征试验研究

为研究高强混凝土破裂前声发射信号的频率特征,对C60、C70、C80高强混凝土试件进行单轴压缩下的高、低频双通道声发射试验,得到破裂过程的力学参数和声发射参数,探求高强混凝土不同加载阶段声发射信号频率的分布特征。研究表明,三种高强混凝土在峰值应力前,高、低频通道声发射信号均集中在特定的频段内;临近峰值应力时,高、低频通道的声发射信号频率向低频段移动,同时优势频段内的频率趋于分散,这可作为预测高强混凝土破坏的前兆信息。     

Rupture of anterior cruciate ligament monitored by acoustic emission

The scope of this study is to relate the acoustic emission (AE) during rupture of human soft tissue (anterior cruciate ligament, ACL) to the mechanisms leading to its failure. The cumulative AE activity highlights the onset of serious damage, while other parameters, show repeatable tendencies, being well correlated with the tissue's mechanical behavior. The frequency content of AE signals increases throughout the experiment, while other indices characterize between different modes of failure. Results of this preliminary study show that AE can shed light into the failure process of this tissue, and provide useful data on the ACL reconstruction.     

木塑复合材料缺陷及损伤的声发射信号特征分析及神经网络模式识别

针对木塑复合材料五种典型的缺陷及损伤机制，选择合适的木塑试样，应用三点弯曲的加载方法采集声发射信号。对主损伤区附近的声发射事件，应用小波变换提取特征参数，确定五类主要损伤机制所对应的声发射信号特征。采用B—P型反向传播神经网络构成的智能化模式分类器，对此五类声发射信号进行识别，获得了满意的效果。     

BFRP筋混凝土粘结-滑移声发射特性研究*

为研究BFRP筋与混凝土粘结-滑移过程中的损伤特征,对BFRP筋混凝土粘结试件进行了加载速度为0.1 mm/s的拔出试验。采用声发射技术对损伤过程的特点进行了研究,并且针对破坏预警指标的有效表征进行了深入分析。结果表明,声发射能量、撞击数、振铃计数等参数能够真实反映BFRP筋混凝土粘结受载情况,并得到250 kHz～300 kHz频段的声发射事件百分比及声发射b值范围可以作为粘结应力达到峰值时的预警指标,为BFRP筋混凝土粘结-滑移破坏预警提供了依据。     

Influence of cement flow and aggregate type on the mechanical and acoustic characteristics of porous concrete

The influence of cement flow and aggregate type on the mechanical and acoustic characteristics of porous concrete is systematically investigated in the present study. Three levels of cement flow (80%, 110%, and 140%) and five types of aggregates (normal aggregates of 8-13 mm and 13-19 mm and lightweight aggregates of 4-8 mm, 8-12 mm, and 12-19 mm) are used, and effects of the application of AE admixtures in paste were also studied. Single-layered and double-layered porous concrete specimens are fabricated to examine the effect of different layer configuration on the acoustic characteristics. For the purpose of comparison, the void ratio, compressive strength, and sound absorption coefficient of the specimens are used as evaluation parameters. Based on the findings of the study, a sound absorbing porous concrete with a maximum absorption coefficient of approximately 1.00 is developed, and the minimum absorption coefficient of the ‘double-layered porous concrete’ structure is shown to be more than 0.60 with a frequency of 400 Hz or above, considering the tolerant error.     

Application of Two Novel Acoustic Emission Parameters on Identifying the Instability of Granite

The issue of monitoring and early warning of rock instability has received increasing critical attention in the study of rock engineering. To investigate the damage evolution process of granite under triaxial compression tests, acoustic emission (AE) tests were performed simultaneously. This study firstly introduced two novel parameters, i.e., the coefficient of variation (CoV) of the information entropy and correlation dimension of the amplitude data from the AE tests, to identify the precursor of the failure of granite. Then the relationship between the changes in these parameters and the stress-time curve was compared and analyzed. The results of this study show that: (1) There is a strong correlation between the CoV of the information entropy and the failure process of granite. The granite failed when the CoV curve raised to a plateau, which could be used as an indicator of rock instability. (2) The fluctuation of the correlation dimension indicates the different stages during the loading process, i.e., the initial compaction stage, the linear elastic stage, the yield stage, and the failure stage. Each stage contains a descending and a rising process in the correlation dimension curve, and the exhibited starting point or the bottom point at the correlation dimension curve could be selected as the indicator point for the rock instability. (3) The combined analysis of the Information entropy and Correlation dimension can improve the accuracy of rock instability prediction. This study provides new insights into the prediction of rock instability, which has theoretical implications for the stability of subsurface engineering rock masses.     

单颗金刚石切削无氧铜的声发射关联维特征

声发射技术可以实现无氧铜切削加工特征的监测与评价。采用声发射技术监测单颗金刚石磨粒旋转切削无氧铜,利用G-P算法重构出声发射时域信号相空间,采用自相关函数法计算出相空间时间延迟参数,通过相空间双对数曲线的计算,得到不同切削工况下的关联维数。研究结果表明,进给速度和切削速度对声发射信号影响较不显著,切深与声发射信号振幅呈正效应关系;声发射信号双对数曲线呈现阶段性增加趋势,并逐渐收敛于饱和状态,关联维数随着嵌入维数的增加先快速下降后趋于平稳;金刚石切削无氧铜的声发射信号具有混沌运动变化特性,在较小嵌入维数时,关联维数与切深和切削速度呈现线性负效应关系,与进给速度呈现线性正效应关系。该研究为无氧铜的切削加工提供理论参考。     

不同浓度的尾砂胶结充填体破坏过程 声发射特性试验研究*

制备了3种不同质量浓度的充填体试件,进行了单轴压缩声发射试验,分析了不同浓度的充填体力学特性,重点研究了试件破坏过程中的声发射振铃计数、声发射累计撞击数与声发射累计能量的比值(r值)、主频及其相对高频信号激增响应系数特征。研究表明：随着浓度的增加,充填体的峰值强度与弹性模量呈增大趋势,充填体中出现的声发射累计振铃计数越多;r值先升高再持续减小到一个较低值,随着外载荷的增加,进入缓慢升高阶段,峰值前均保持在该阶段。充填体破裂前兆信息在声发射信号主频分布中呈现主频段增多现象,表现为由加载初期的1~2个主频段,在临界主破裂时增多到3~5个主频段;且随着浓度的增加,声发射信号主频频段分布越宽,声发射相对高频信号(160~180 kHz)的激增响应系数呈递减趋势。以上特征可为不同浓度的尾砂胶结充填体稳定性监测、预测提供依据。     

铝与钢摩擦时声发射参数与正压强之间的关系

材料不同,声发射信号的特点不同。为了提高声发射技术在监测摩擦过程中的应用水平,研究不同材料的声发射信号的特点是必要的。本文研究了铝与45钢摩擦时产生的声发射信号的特点,实验研究结果表明:在铝与45钢的摩擦过程中,相对运动速度对于正压力与声发射信号之间的关系有较大的影响;低速下,正压力与声发射信号之间无规律可言;高速下,随着正压力的增加,声发射信号各参数是增加的。     

面层混凝土对跑道内爆毁伤影响的仿真研究

 采用考虑混凝土拉伸破坏的TCK失效模型,运用AUTODYN软件对跑道内爆毁伤进行了数值模拟。研究了炸点置于面层混凝土底部时,不同装药量和不同面层混凝土厚度对爆破漏斗坑参数的影响规律。结果表明：数值模拟结果较好地反映了混凝土因拉伸损伤引起的破裂和抛掷漏斗现象。基于数值模拟得到的漏斗坑参数值,建立了漏斗坑半径、空腔半径与面层厚度的无量纲表达式,计算得到的漏斗坑参数值得到了实验验证。