卟啉在分析化学中的应用(Ⅰ)——四-(4-三甲铵苯基)卟啉吸光光度法测定痕量铜

本文提出以水溶性卟啉α、β、γ、δ-四-(4-三甲铵苯基)叶啉[简称T-(4-TAP)P]作显色剂并研完了T-(4-TAP)P与铜(Ⅱ)的显色反应。试验了21种金属离子及8种盐的干扰,影响均小。提出了吸光光度测定ppb级痕量铜的方法。应用于测定高纯稀土及水样中痕量铜,操作简便快速,结果满意。     

Analytical procedures for the determination of uranium and thorium traces in aluminium

Summary Different combined procedures involving element preconcentration and ICP-OES or polarography are described for the determination of the alpha emitters uranium and thorium in aluminium. The results are compared with those of instrumental neutron activation analysis.After extraction with ethyl acetate, uranium and thorium can be determined by ICP-OES (uranium detection limit, given as 3so, 12 ng/g, standard deviation 0.95 ng/g at 12.5 ng/g; thorium detection limit 8 ng/g, standard deviation 0.9 ng/g at 12.5 ng/g). After a second extraction with tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide, uranium can be determined by polarography (detection limit 10 ng/g, standard deviation 4.4 ng/g at 200 ng/g). Thorium also can be coprecipitated with Fe(OH)₃ and determined with ICP-OES (detection limit 5 ng/g, standard deviation 0.6 ng/g at 10 ng/g).The results obtained by wet chemical analyses lie within the spread of accuracy of the INAA results obtained by several laboratories. In general, the comparative results indicate that super pure aluminium containing less than 1 ng/g uranium and thorium can be produced.The paper has been presented at 12th Colloquium on Materials Analysis, Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Technical University in Vienna, May 13–15, 1985.     

Spectrophotometric determination of nickel in biological samples using 1-azobenzene-3-(3-hydroxyl-2-pyridyl)-triazene

A new sensitive and selective chromogenic reagent, 1-azobenzene-3-(3-hydroxyl-2-pyridyl)-triazene (ABHPT), was synthesized. It has been found that ABHPT reacts with nickel(II) in a borax buffer solution (pH 10.0) to form 2: 1 red complexes with the maximum absorption at 530 nm. The apparent molar absorptivity of the complex is 2.6 × 10⁵ L/(mol cm). Most metal ions can be tolerated in considerable amounts, whereby only zinc and mercury may interfere with the determination of nickel(II). Nevertheless, this can be easily eliminated by prior separation with sulfhydryl dextran gel. A new method for the spectrophotometric determination of trace nickel(II) was developed. Beer’s law is obeyed for 0–15 μg of nickel(II) in 25 mL of solution. The limit of quantification, limit of detection, and relative standard deviation are 0.74 ng/mL, 0.25 ng/mL, and 1.0%, respectively. The method has been applied to the determination of trace nickel(II) in biological samples with satisfactory results. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

基质分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测红薯中的植物生长调节剂

建立了基质分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定红薯中氯吡脲、6-苄氨基嘌呤、增效胺以及多效唑含量的方法。样品经硅胶分散剂研磨分散、甲醇洗脱提取后,采用Thermo hypersil GOLD C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1mm,5μm),以甲醇和0.1%(体积分数)甲酸-5 mmol/L甲酸铵为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源正离子或负离子模式下以选择反应监测(SRM)模式检测,外标法定量。氯吡脲、6-苄氨基嘌呤、增效胺和多效唑分别在10.8~216.0、10.8~216.0、12.5~250.0和10.2~204.0 ng/g范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.96。以信噪比等于10确定4种植物生长调节剂的定量限,氯吡脲、6-苄氨基嘌呤、增效胺和多效唑的定量限分别为0.1、0.3、0.2和0.1 ng/g。4种植物生长调节剂在50、100及200 ng/g加标水平下的回收率为85.3%~116.0%,相对标准偏差为0.6%~22.7%。该方法操作简单、准确,适用于红薯中氯吡脲、6-苄氨基嘌呤、增效胺以及多效唑的定量检测分析。     

钯(II)-柠檬黄-离子液体三元络合体系的共振瑞利散射光谱及其分析应用研究

在pH 2.0～6.0的BR缓冲溶液中, Pd(II)与柠檬黄(TTZ)形成的络离子与溴化1-十六烷基-3-甲基咪唑([C₁₆mim]Br)离子液体发生作用形成离子缔合物, 引起溶液共振瑞利散射(RRS)显著增强, 并产生新的RRS光谱, 其最大RRS峰位于458 nm. 在0.043～0.860 μg/mL范围内散射强度(ΔI)与柠檬黄的浓度成正比. 该方法简单灵敏, 对柠檬黄的检出限(3σ/K)为5.5 ng/mL (n＝11). 建立了一种简便、快速测定柠檬黄的新方法, 并成功用于饮料样中柠檬黄含量的测定.     

基质分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱法检测红薯中氯吡脲

建立了分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱法测定红薯中氯吡脲含量的分析方法.样品经分散剂(硅胶,C18HC)研磨分散提取,甲醇洗脱.采用Thermo Hypersil Gold C18色谱柱(150×2,1 mm,5μm)分离,以甲醇(A)/0.1％甲酸-5 mmol/L甲酸铵(B)作为流动相,梯度洗脱,采用串联质谱在正离子扫描方式下,通过选择反应模式定量分析,外标法定量.氯吡脲在2.63～675.00 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2＞0.999.定量检测限为0.66 ng/mL.氯吡脲在10、25、50 ng/g三个浓度水平的添加回收率在70％～130％之间.该方法操作简单、准确,适用于红薯中氯吡脲的定量检测.     

胰蛋白酶与DNA相互作用的共振瑞利散射光谱及其分析应用研究

当胰蛋白酶与鲱鱼精DNA(hsDNA)、 鲑鱼精DNA(sDNA)以及小牛胸腺DNA(ctDNA)之间发生相互作用时,共振瑞利散射(RRS)会显著增强,并产生新的RRS光谱. 三者有近似的光谱特征,其最大RRS峰分别位于307 nm(hsDNA和sDNA体系)和290 nm处(ctDNA体系),另一散射峰位于350 nm处,其散射强度(ΔI)与DNA或者胰蛋白酶的浓度成正比,因此可用于蛋白质和DNA的相互测定. 当用胰蛋白酶测定DNA时,hsDNA,sDNA和ctDNA的检测范围分别为1.4×10^-3～2.3, 2.1×10^-3～2.5和3.5×10^-3～1.9 μg/mL(ctDNA),它们的检出限分别为0.4,0.7和1.1 ng/mL. 当用hsDNA测定胰蛋白酶时,其线性范围为0.1～30.0 μg/mL,检出限为39.0 ng/mL. 研究了最佳的反应条件、 影响因素和结合产物的化学性质,考察了胰蛋白酶与DNA的结合比,推测了它们的结合方式,并以胰蛋白酶作RRS探针,发展了一种高灵敏、 简便和快速测定痕量DNA的新方法.     

On-line preconcentration and determination of cadmium in honey using knotted reactor coupled to flow injection-flame atomic absorption spectrometry

An on-line cadmium preconcentration and determination system implemented with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) associated with flow injection was studied. Cadmium was retained as Cd-2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol Cd-(5-Br-PADAP) complex, pH 9.3. The Cd complex was removed from the knotted reactor (KR) with ethanol. A total enhancement factor of 140 was obtained with respect to FAAS (40 for KR and 3.5 due to the use of ethanol) with preconcentration time of 120 s. The detection limit value for preconcentration of 1 g sample was 0.5 ng/g. The repeatability for 10 replicate determinations at 5.0 ng/g Cd level was 3.5% relative standard deviation, calculated from peak heights obtained. The calibration graph using the preconcentration system for Cd was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.9990 at levels near the detection limits to at least 2000 ng/g. The method was successfully applied to determination of total Cd in honey samples.     

亚临界水萃取及气相色谱-串联质谱法检测红茶中多种农药残留

建立了亚临界水萃取及气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)检测红茶中21种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留的方法。在萃取压力为5 MPa条件下,样品经150 ℃的亚临界水提取15 min后,将目标物转移至丙酮-正己烷(1:1, v/v)中,经ENVI-Carb固相萃取净化小柱净化,DB-5毛细管气相色谱柱分离,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行MS/MS检测,基质匹配溶液内标法定量。各目标物在5.0～320.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,其定量限(信噪比(S/N)＞10)为50 ng/g,检出限(S/N＞3)为10 ng/g。茶叶基质中添加50、100和200 ng/g的标准品时,21种农药的回收率为70.18%～119.98%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.01%～11.76%。该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留测定的技术要求,适用于红茶中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留的检测。     

Flow Injection Analysis for Beryllium Determination With Chrome Azurol S as Chromogenic Agent

Abstract

A flow injection analysis system which employs a visible absorption detector is used for the determination of beryllium. Be(II) ions are detected by means of a complexation reaction between Be(II) and chrome azurol s as the chomogenic reagent. The reaction forms a stable 1:1 complex which appears dark red-violet. The optimum conditions for the determination are pH 4.15, 35% chrome azurol s, 3% buffer, 62% HCI and 1,3-phenylenediamine, flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and wavelength at 570 nm. A concentration limit of 0.1 μg/mL (or 2 ng in 25 μ of a sample injected) of Be(II) can be detected, and the linear dynamic range extends to 100 μg/mL. Some interference limits are established in the presence of EDTA and thiosulfate which are used as masking agents.     

Determination of manganese with triethanolamine and o-tolidine by conventional and long-path photometry

A very sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of manganese is reported. To the sample is added triethanolamine (TEA) and sodium hydroxide to give a pH above 11; after atmospheric oxidation of manganese(II) to the green manganese(III)—TEA complex, sodium pyrophosphate is added and the solution is acidified. Manganese(III) thus forms a complex with pyrophosphate. Then o-tolidine is added and is oxidized in a 2e step to the intensely yellow quinonediimine, while manganese(III) is reduced to manganese(II). The absorbance is measured at 440 nm. The calibration curve is linear up to 1.6 μg Mn ml^-1 in the final solution; the limit of determination is 0.2 μg Mn ml^-1. For the 20-cm path cell, the respective data are 45 ng Mn ml^-1 and 2 ng Mn ml^-1. The only severe interferences are strong oxidants like dichromate or cerium(IV), which are readily reduced with sulfurous acid. Vanadium in amounts up to 2–3 times that of manganese can be dealt with by an appropriate blank solution; larger amounts of vanadium must be removed e.g. by a cupferron extraction.     

Small-scale method for the determination of selected organochlorine pesticides in soil

A small-scale method was developed for the simultaneous determination of gamma-HCH, heptachlor, aldrin, dicofol, mirex, endosulfan I, endosulfan II and endosulfan sulphate in soil. The extraction and clean-up steps were combined into one step by transferring soil samples to chromatographic columns prepacked with neutral alumina. The pesticides elution was processed with n-hexane : dichloromethane (7 : 3) and the concentrated eluate was analysed using gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection. Analyses of the "in vitro" fortified samples with the selected pesticides were performed at three different levels. Mean recoveries for aldrin, gamma-HCH and heptachlor, at levels of 2, 10 and 20 ng/g, ranged from 71 to 87%; for dicofol, at levels of 8, 40 and 80 ng/g, ranged from 97 to 103%; for endosulfan I and II, at levels of 5, 25 and 50 ng/g, ranged from 88 to 96%; for mirex, at levels of 6, 30 and 60 ng/g, ranged from 86 to 110%; and for endosulfan sulphate, at levels of 15, 75 and 150 ng/g, ranged from 93 to 104%. The method can be used for rapid determination of these pesticides in soil.     

Ultra trace analysis of molybdenum by differential pulse polarography and adsorptive stripping voltammetry in the presence of 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone

Summary Different polarographic and voltammetric techniques for the determination of molybdenum at the trace level have been investigated. As a result, a new high-sensitivity procedure for the determination of molybdenum by adsorptive stripping voltammetry was developed. The method is based on the reaction of molybdenum(VI) with 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (chloranilic acid) to produce a complex which is absorbed onto mercury at –0.20 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, 3 mol/l KCl) from pH 2.7 solution. The cathodic stripping peak at –0.62 V can be used to determine molybdenum with a detection limit of 0.02 ng/ml after 5 min deposition time. The relative standard deviation for the determination of 0.1 ng/ml Mo after 5 min stirred collection was 6.6%. Interference from various inorganic ions and organic substances are reported. The method was applied to the determination of molybdenum traces in waters; interfering organic substances in polluted waters were destroyed by oxidative digestion in a microwave oven.     

激光-时间分辨荧光法测定U3O8中痕量硼

本文提出了一种测定U3O8中痕量硼的激光-时间分辨荧光法, 在适当介质中, 用小型氮分子激光器激发硼与二苯甲酰基甲烷配合物的荧光, 发现此配合物的荧光寿命为2ms, 它比铀的荧光寿命长得多, 从而可将荧光的时间分辨技术应用于铀中硼的测定, 不经分离基体铀即可进行测定, 方法简单而快速, 检测下限达到0.02ng.mL^-^1(硼),当取样10mg铀时, 能测定0.01ppm的硼。用本法分析了含量在0.04-0.5ppm几个U3O8样品, 结果与其他方法相符。     

胶束增敏荧光法测定锆

在CTAB胶束介质中配合物组成可发生一系列变化,这是其对吸光度及荧光增敏的决定因素。在合适的CTAB浓度下,可形成Zr(Ⅳ):Morin=1:3的高次配合物,使体系的摩尔吸光系数增加3倍多;但随着CTAB浓度的增大,形成了Zr(Ⅳ):Morin:SO₄^2-=1:1:2的混配配合物,硫酸根起了辅助配体的作用,荧光强度增强数十倍,稳定性也有很大提高,对CTAB胶束改变配合物组成及增敏荧光的原因进行了研究。据此建立了胶束增敏荧光测定锆的新方法。该法的检测下限为0.2ng/mL,线性范围为0.2ng/mL～0.5μg/mL,选择性、稳定性均好。     

Determination of Mercury(II) in Drinking Water by Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Liquid–Liquid Microextraction

The total reflection X-ray fluorescence determination of mercury(II) in drinking water at concentrations of 7?×?10^?2 to 3.0?µg/L is reported. The mercury(II) preconcentration protocol includes directly suspended droplet microextraction with benzene as a molecular iodine complex. The proposed approach is highly selective. The elements Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, and Pb at concentrations up to 0.1?g/L did not interfere with the extraction of trace mercury(II). The method is characterized by high sensitivity (limit of detection of 21?ng/L) and suitable reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 0.12 for 100?ng/L). The accuracy of the results was confirmed by recovery and the method of standard addition.     

Brilliant cresyl blue as a new red region fluorescent probe for determination of nucleic acids

A fluorescence quenching method was developed for determination of microamounts of nucleic acids by using brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) as a new red region fluorescent probe. In aqueous hexylmethylene tetramine solution, BCB showed maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 626 and 670 nm, respectively, and the fluorescence of BCB could be greatly quenched by DNA (or RNA). Under optimal conditions, the calibration graphs are linear over the range of 0.02–0.80 μg/ml for SM DNA and 0.25–1.5 μg/ml for yeast RNA. The corresponding detection limits are 7 ng/ml for SM DNA and 25 ng/ml for yeast RNA, respectively. SM DNA can be determinated in the presence of 40% (w/w) RNA, and the relative standard deviation of six measurements is 2.5% for 500 ng/ml SM DNA. The result of the determination of golden staphylococcus DNA by this method was satisfactory.     

Determination of cobalt by catalytic-adsorptive differential pulse voltammetry in the presence of 2-aminocyclopentene-1-dithiocarboxylic acid and nitrite

A novel method for the determination of cobalt(II) by stripping voltammetry is described. It involves an adsorptive accumulation of the cobalt(II)-2-aminocyclopentene-1-dithiocarboxylic acid complex on a hanging mercury drop electrode, followed by a stripping voltammetric measurement of the catalytic reduction current of the complex at –1.4 V at pH = 9 (vs. Ag/AgCl). The effects of various experimental parameters on the catalytic current were investigated. An accumulation time of 60 s results in a low experimental limit of detection of 0.1 ng/mL of Co(II), and 0.50 to 40.0 ng/mL of cobalt can be determined. The relative standard deviation at 0.50 ng/mL is 2.8%. Possible interferences from co-existing ions were also investigated. Received: 17 August 1998 / Revised: 16 November 1998 / Accepted: 20 November 1998     

Spectrophotometric determination of zinc in copper-base alloys with TAN

TAN reacts with zinc(II) forming a red complex with composition 1:2 Zn(II)-TAN and absorption maximum at 582 nm. Zinc can be determined with this reagent in the presence of Triton X-100, in the pH range 6.20-8.00 with a molar absorptivity of 4.5×10⁴ l/mol/cm Beer's Law was obeyed up to least 1.55 g/ml. Copper interference was eliminated with a mixture of thiosulfate and ascorbic acid and nickel separated by precipitation with dimethylglyoxime. The proposed method was used for zinc determination in several copper-base alloys and the results of analysis in comparison with certified values indicated that the procedure was accurate and precise. A derivative procedure is also proposed, allowing zinc determination with high sensitivity (5-400 ng/ml).     

Determination of cobalt by catalytic-adsorptive differential pulse voltammetry in the presence of 2-aminocyclopentene-1-dithiocarboxylic acid and nitrite

A novel method for the determination of cobalt(II) by stripping voltammetry is described. It involves an adsorptive accumulation of the cobalt(II)-2-aminocyclopentene-1-dithiocarboxylic acid complex on a hanging mercury drop electrode, followed by a stripping voltammetric measurement of the catalytic reduction current of the complex at –1.4 V at pH = 9 (vs. Ag/AgCl). The effects of various experimental parameters on the catalytic current were investigated. An accumulation time of 60 s results in a low experimental limit of detection of 0.1 ng/mL of Co(II), and 0.50 to 40.0 ng/mL of cobalt can be determined. The relative standard deviation at 0.50 ng/mL is 2.8%. Possible interferences from co-existing ions were also investigated. Received: 17 August 1998 / Revised: 16 November 1998 / Accepted: 20 November 1998