随机符合法则g

在自由落体法测量重力加速度ｇ中,需要测量物理下落过程中三点之间的距离△　ｓ１和　ｓ２,以及物体下落通过这三点所经历的时间间隔△　ｔ１和　△ｔ２计算重力加速度ｇ的公式为式中　△ｓ１＝ｓ２－ｓ１,　△ｓ２＝ｓ３－ｓ２;　△ｔ１＝ｔ２－ｔｉ,　△ｔ２＝ｔ３－ｔ２．　△ｔ１和　△ｔ２可通过对标准振荡频率计数,并经频率／时间变换求得,而距离　△ｓ１和ｓ２可用激光相干涉测量．问题在于如何选择物体下落过程?...     

CW Optical-Optical Double Resonance studies of the 23Πg, 33Πg, 43Πg+, and 13Δg Rydberg states of Na2

The 2³Π_g, 3³Π_g, 4³Σ_g⁺, and 1³Δ_g states of the Na₂ molecule are observed by sub-Doppler Perturbation Facilitated Optical-Optical Double Resonance (PFOODR) spectroscopy. Absolute vibrational assignments and molecular constants are obtained for two of these states (3³Π_g, v = 0–25 observed, and 4³Σ_g⁺, v = 3–5, 13, 14 observed). Tentative vibrational assignments and provisional molecular constants are obtained for the 2³Π_g (v = 43–89 observed) and 1³Δ_g (v = 31–35, 40, 46–51 observed) states. Spin-orbit, spin-spin, and hyperfine splittings are observed. The direct ³Λ_g⁺ → a³Σ_u, 2³Π_g ∼ 3³Π_g perturbation-induced, and collision-induced contributions of these four ³Λ_g states to the ubiquitous Na-vapor violet and ultraviolet emission bands are discussed.     

一种导出谐振子矩阵元通式的简捷方法

在导出(f(X)+g(P))k正规乘积形式的基础上,利用未归一化的相干态与谐振子的本征态之间的关系计算出的通式,并对所得的结果进行了讨论.本文所用方法显得清晰易懂、推导简捷明快.     

引力场中的g和v

类比是人类认识事物的一种基本思维方法。它既不同于从一般推导到个别的演绎法,又不同于从个别推导到一般的归纳法,它是属于从特殊到特殊,从个别到个别的推理,在物理教学中占有极其重要的地位。本文通过对静电力和引力的类比,引入描述引力场的育关物理量以及高斯定理。 比较库仑定律和万有引力定律的数学表达式,发现它们具有惊人的相似之处:它们都服从平方反比定律,库仑定律中的q和万有引力定律中的m相当,库仑定律中的1/4πε和万有引力定律中的G相当,但它们也有各自的特殊性:万有引力总是引力,库仑力却可以是引力,也可以是斥力;还有库仑力存在于两带电体之间,而万有引力存在于任何两物体之间,我们可以将有关静电场的知识结构、研究方法移植于引力场中,如用场强研究力的性质,用势的概念研究场能的变化,用力线形象地描绘场,用高斯定理简便地计算空间各点的场强等。 类似于静电场,任何物体在其周围的空间激发了一个“引力场”,并对处在其中的任何物体有力的作用,     

电子自旋共振中的g因子

凡具有未偶电子的物质,都可作为电子自旋共振的研究对象,将其置于恒定磁场(?)中时,会引起因电子自旋体系与外磁场相互作用所产生的塞曼(Zeeman)能级分裂,如果在垂直外磁场(?)方向上再加一频率为V的电磁辐射线偏振磁场(起作用的是它的右旋圆偏振分量),当满足hv=gμ_BB时,就会发生塞曼能级间的共振吸收(和辐射)现象,这就是电子顺磁共振(EPR)。理论和实验     

The size distribution for theA g RB f−g Model of polymerization

This paper gives the equilibrium distribution of polymer sizes for Flory'sA _g RB _f–g model of polymerization. In this model, the polymers are composed of structural units withg functional groups of the typeA and (f-g) functional groups of the typeB. Reaction is subject to three conditions: (1) Functional groups of the typeA react only with those of typeB, and vice versa. (2) Intramolecular reactions do not occur [and therefore only branched-chain (noncyclic) polymers and formed]. (3) Subject to conditions (1) and (2), all functional groups are equally reactive. The derivation employs Stockmayer's statistical mechanical method (first used on Flory'sRA _f model), coupled with a recursion giving the number of distinct polymers which may be assembled fromk units of theA _g RB _f–g type. We also give distributions for a limiting case of theA _g RB _f–g model, the so-calledA _g RB model. This paper completes the solution of the Smoluchowski coagulation equation (monodisperse case) for the kernelsa _ij =A + B(i +j)+ Cij. The proof will be given in another publication.     

振动核区的g玻色子自由度

本文从能谱和跃迁几率诸方面讨论了振动核区的g玻色子自由度的问题,并给出了M1跃迁和E2跃迁的一些解析表达式.初步研究表明,探索振动核区的g玻色子自由度是有意义的.     

Soft end-point and mass corrections to the η′g*g* vertex function

Power-suppressed corrections arising from end-point integration regions to the space-like vertex function of the massive η^′-meson virtual gluon transition are computed. Calculations are performed within the standard hard-scattering approach (HSA) and the running coupling method supplemented by the infrared renormalon calculus. Contributions to the vertex function from the quark and gluon contents of the η^′-meson are taken into account and the Borel resummed expressions for (Q²,ω,η), as well as for (Q²,ω=±1,η) and (Q²,ω=0,η) are obtained. It is demonstrated that the power-suppressed corrections ∼(Λ²/Q²)ⁿ, in the explored range of the total gluon virtuality 1≤Q²≤25 GeV², considerably enhance the vertex function relative to the results found in the framework of the standard HSA with a fixed coupling. Modifications generated by the η^′-meson mass effects are discussed. PACS 12.38.Bx; 14.40.Aq; 11.10.Hi     

复摆测g实验的分析

在复摆测定重力加速度g的实验中,要利用式g=4π~2 L/T~2计算g的数值。L是等值摆长,T是振动周期,必须调节摆锤B的位置,使复摆正挂的周期T_1曲线与复摆倒挂的周期T_2曲线能够相交。实验中采用“逼近法”寻找T_1曲线与T_2曲线能够相交时摆锤B的合适位置,这是不容易的。而且即使T_1曲线与T_2曲线能够相交,还存在着什么时候实验的精确度更高的问题。本文针对以上问题进行理论上的推导分析,得到一些对复摆实验中复摆的设计和实验有用的结果。在摆角较小时复摆的振动周期:     

重力加速度g值的教学探讨

重力加速度在物理教学中是一个重要的力学概念，但在中学教学中是逐步使学生加深认识的．初中是这样提出的：质量为１ｋｇ物体的重量是９．８Ｎ，因此ｇ＝９．８Ｎ／ｋｇ．这一等式暗示了ｇ是重量和质量的比值，并没有明确ｇ是一个什么物理量，当然也没有引出加速度这个概念．高中教材在直线运动的自由落体一节中才明确指出ｇ是重力加速度．于是ｇ就作为描述在落体运动中速度改变快慢的一个物理量而出现．由实验测出ｇ值约为９．８ｍ／ｓ２．是矢量，方向始终竖直向下．这样ｇ既具有一般加速度共性的一面，又有其个性一面．在牛顿第二定律之…     

朗德g因子的取值范围

本文讨论了在Ｌ—Ｓ耦合情况下朗德ｇ因子的取值问题，并指出了“在外磁场中不分裂的原子能组及其矢量模型”一文中存在的一个问题．     

Lande g因子的完整表达式

从Ｗｉｇｎｅｒ－Ｅｃｋａｒｔ定理出发，导出ＬＳ耦合ｇ因子的完整表达式。     

g factor of hydrogenlike ²⁸Si¹³⁺

We determined the experimental value of the g factor of the electron bound in hydrogenlike 2?Si13? by using a single ion confined in a cylindrical Penning trap. From the ratio of the ion's cyclotron frequency and the induced spin flip frequency, we obtain g = 1.995 348 958 7(5)(3)(8). It is in excellent agreement with the state-of-the-art theoretical value of 1.995 348 958 0(17), which includes QED contributions up to the two-loop level of the order of (Zα)2 and (Zα)? and represents a stringent test of bound-state quantum electrodynamics calculations.     

New g－2 experiment at J-PARC

A new measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the positive muon αμ is proposed with a novel technique utilizing an ultra-cold muon beam accelerated to 300 MeV/c and a 66 cm-diameter muon storage ring without focusing-electric field. This measurement will be complimentary to the previous measurement that achieved 0.54 ppm accuracy with the magic energy of 3.1 GeV in a 14 m diameter storage ring. The proposed experiment aims to achieve the sensitivity down to 0.1 ppm.     

Hamilton Spaces of Order k ≥ 1

A suitable dual for the k-acceleration bundle(T ^k M, ^k ,M) is the fiberedbundle (T ^k–1 M× _M T*M). The mentioned bundle carries a canonicalpresymplectic structure and k canonical Poisson structures. By means of thisdual we define the notion of Hamilton spaces of orderk, whose total spaceconsists of points x of the configuration spaceM, accelerations of order 1,...,k – 1, y ⁽¹⁾,...,y ^(k–1), and momenta p. Some remarkable Hamiltonian systemsare pointed out. There exists a Legendre mapping from the Lagrange spaces oforder k to the Hamilton space of order k.     

A k·p Effective Hamiltonian Generator

A k·p effective Hamiltonian is important for theoretical analysis in condensed matter physics. Based on the kdotp-symmetry package, we develop an upgraded package named as kdotp-generator. This generator takes in arbitrary magnetic symmetries with their representations and returns symmetry-allowed k·p Hamiltonians. Using this package, we calculate k·p Hamiltonians for irreducible co-representations in 1651 magnetic space groups up to the third order, and their linear coupling to external fields including the electromagnetic field and the strain tensor. We hope that the package will facilitate related research in the future.