新课标下的高中物理探究式实验教学

在物理课程的实验教学中,"将实验与科学探究有效地结合起来"成为了新课标的主旋律,为此应尽可能将传统的菜单式实验改变为探究式实验. 教师应该根据实际情况,选择适合探究的实验,并对探究过程进行合理的规划,引导学生顺利进行科学探究,从而培养学生的创新意识、实践能力和科学素养.     

新课程“光的偏振”问题探究式教学设计案例

1问题提出 新课程实施近两年以来,我见的有些学校中新课程的教学依然是"穿新鞋,走老路".针对这一现状,县教局教研究室组识我校研讨新课程课堂教学模式,学校指派笔者开设物理课.本次研讨形成一个共识:物理教学是再现科学过程的一种特殊形式,教学要有助于学生建构物理知识的同时,发展学生的探究能力和科学素养,培养学生物理学习的兴趣.要改变传统物理课堂"重理论、轻实践,重动脑、轻动手,重知识、轻能力"的教学局面.问题教学是体现新课程理念、发展学生能力和全面提高学生科学素养的一种有效的教学方法.     

物理教育里面有真正的学问——记赵凯华先生对我的学术影响

14年前,我在一篇文章中写过这样一段话:"很久以来,从事物理教育研究(特别是在高校工作)的人士,大多有一个共同的苦恼,那就是很难让别人(特别是那些从事物理学研究的同事们)真正认识到自己所从事的工作的科学价值.据笔者所知,这种情况在西方发达国家也同样存在.     

抓住主线,贯穿始终——谈高中物理教学中创造性思维的培养

马洛斯曾经指出创造性能力的存在形式一共有两种:(1)、特殊才能的创造力;(2)、自我实现的创造力.随着新课程的开展,对学生创造性能力和科学素养的认识越来越深刻,对学生创新精神和创造性能力的有意培养,俨然成为了当前进行素质教育的核心所在,对于高中物理教学亦不能外,教学的重点也由重知识向着重思维和能力的方向过渡,但是笔者环顾当下我们的高中物理教学实际情况,由于传统教学模式长期的作用,对新课程的负面影响还很大,主要表现在教育观念和教学模式的更新速度还相对较慢,严重妨碍了学生创造性能力的培养.为此,笔者对高中物理教学如何进行创造性思维的培养进行了思考,并总结了以下几点,供大家一起商榷.     

谈探究式《科学》课堂的合理引导

培养学生的探究能力是初中<科学>课程教学的教学目标之一,故探究式课堂教学必不可少.探究式课堂教学就是把科学探究引进课堂,其目的是让学生能像科学家那样独立地通过探究活动来获得知识,而不是教师安排好一切,让学生顺着预定的途径学习或把学生径直引向答案.     

新课标下中学物理实验教学方法的探讨

简要分析了中学物理实验教学的现状,根据新课改对物理实验教学的改革和发展提出的要求,分别从演示实验、分组实验、课外实验探讨了中学实验教学方法. 在实验教学过程中突出学生主体,促进学生自主学习,让学生积极参与,乐于探究,勇于实验,勤于思考. 通过实验教学激发学生学习兴趣,提高学生动手能力、观察能力和思维能力,培养学生探索创新能力.     

Close to Close Packing

For various lattice gas models with nearest neighbor exclusion (and, in one case, second-nearest neighbor exclusion as well), we obtain lower bounds on m, the average number of particles on the nonexcluded lattice sites closest to a given particle. They are all of the form m/m _cp 1–const·(N _cp /N–1), where N is the number of occupied sites, m _cp is the value of m at close packing, and N _cp is the value of N at close packing. An analogous result exists for hard disks in the plane.     

新课程呼唤开放的物理课堂教学

随着素质教育的深入推进、新课程标准的全面实施，广大物理教师必须拥有新的视野，采取新的策略，实现物理课堂教学的全面开放，以便培养出具有创新精神和实践能力的学生．下面通过笔者在近两年来的教学实践，就如何实现物理课堂教学的开放，谈谈自己的认识．     

Random Walk Weakly Attracted to a Wall

We consider a random walk X _n in ℤ₊, starting at X ₀=x≥0, with transition probabilities

Random Walk on the Range of Random Walk

We study the random walk X on the range of a simple random walk on ℤ ^d in dimensions d≥4. When d≥5 we establish quenched and annealed scaling limits for the process X, which show that the intersections of the original simple random walk path are essentially unimportant. For d=4 our results are less precise, but we are able to show that any scaling limit for X will require logarithmic corrections to the polynomial scaling factors seen in higher dimensions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that when d=4 similar logarithmic corrections are necessary in describing the asymptotic behavior of the return probability of X to the origin.     

Non-backtracking Random Walk

We consider non-backtracking random walk (NBW) in the nearest-neighbor setting on the ? ^d -lattice and on tori. We evaluate the eigensystem of the m×m-dimensional transition matrix of NBW where m denote the degree of the graph. We use its eigensystem to show a functional central limit theorem for NBW on ? ^d and to obtain estimates on the convergence towards the stationary distribution for NBW on the torus.     

新课程教学有待质变

随着新课程的实施，课程改革的深入，市、县、学校等都组织了很多与此相关的活动．笔者听了很多的公开课、观摩课、示范课、研讨课，结合对新课程的理解，认为在新课程的教学中存在如下的问题．     

在新课改中如何把复习课的自主权还给学生

以往的复习课，一般都是教师课前准备大量的练习题让学生去做，以求考试中能考到同类型的题目，导致学生成了“知识的容器”．一到考试，学生就赶紧巡视一下题目是否做过，如果稍微发生变化就会无所适从．这样的复习课是为复习而复习，为训练而训练，学生越来越感到枯燥无味，对学习失去兴趣，更谈不上感受学习的快乐，学习效果自然可想而知．新课程理念不仅要求学生学会知识，更突出要求培养学生会学的能力．在实施新课程的今天，如何上好复习课，如何做到把复习课的自主权还给学生，真正地提高复习课的效率，已成为广大教师面临的研讨话题之一．笔者曾尝试从以下5个方面去改进复习课，愿抛砖引玉，与同行们一起探讨．     

Four-Boson Systems Close to a Universal Regime

Universal properties of weakly-bound four-boson systems near the scaling limit are discussed by considering recent results obtained from the solution of Faddeev-Yakubovsky (FY) equations, which confirm a previous conjecture on a four-body scale dependence. In the present contribution, within a discussion on our numerical results obtained for the binding energies of two consecutive tetramer states, we are analyzing the relative relevance of the two possible configurations of the four-body system.     

Two-dimensional Quantum Random Walk

We analyze several families of two-dimensional quantum random walks. The feasible region (the region where probabilities do not decay exponentially with time) grows linearly with time, as is the case with one-dimensional QRW. The limiting shape of the feasible region is, however, quite different. The limit region turns out to be an algebraic set, which we characterize as the rational image of a compact algebraic variety. We also compute the probability profile within the limit region, which is essentially a negative power of the Gaussian curvature of the same algebraic variety. Our methods are based on analysis of the space-time generating function, following the methods of Pemantle and Wilson (J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A 97(1):129–161, 2002).     

Self-Avoiding Walk is Sub-Ballistic

We prove that self-avoiding walk on ${\mathbb{Z}^d}$ is sub-ballistic in any dimension d ≥ 2. That is, writing ${\| u \|}$ for the Euclidean norm of ${u \in \mathbb{Z}^d}$ , and ${\mathsf{P_{SAW}}_n}$ for the uniform measure on self-avoiding walks ${\gamma : \{0, \ldots, n\} \to \mathbb{Z}^d}$ for which γ ₀ = 0, we show that, for each v > 0, there exists ${\varepsilon > 0}$ such that, for each ${n \in \mathbb{N}, \mathsf{P_{SAW}}_n \big( {\rm max}\big\{\| \gamma_k \| : 0 \leq k \leq n\big\} \geq vn \big) \leq e^{-\varepsilon n}}$ .