Ausbrennen von Kohlenstoffhaltigen,in den Ziegelrohstoff Eingepressten Stoffen

Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der Ausbrennung organischer Stoffe im Ziegelscherben wird verfolgt und erläutert. Die Möglichkeiten der Beeinflussung des energetischen Aufwandes unter Nutzung moderner analytischer Methoden sind festzustellen. Bei einem diffusen Ausbrennen ist die Dichte und Durchlässigkeit des Scherbens massgebend. Praktische Anwendungsmöglichkeiten verschiedener auszubrennender Stoffe in unterschiedlichen Rohstoffen der Ziegelindustrie.

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The kinetics of burn-out of organic materials in bricks has been followed and explained. It is to establish that using new analytical methods the energy consumption can be influenced. The diffuse burn-out is determined by the density and permeability of bricks. There is a possibility for practical use of the results in the brick-industry with the different compounds to be burnt out from various raw materials.

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Structural Studies on Host + Guest Recognition Sensory Systems

Rhodamine B-ethylenediamine--cyclodextrins (RhB--CDen) and rhodamine B--cyclodextrins (RhB--CD) can form inclusive complexes with many guest molecules, a reaction which can be used as a nucleic acid probe. In this paper, the most stable conformations of RhB--CDen and RhB--CD have been determined by fluorescence experiments and analyzed by molecular modeling simulation. The interaction between RhB--CDen and two guest molecules, 1-borneol and cyclohexanol, has also been investigated. The results showed that RhB--CDen has a stronger interaction with 1-borneol than with cyclohexanol. Borneol could push the three aromatic-rings of rhodamine B out of the CD cavity, while the cyclohexanol could not. The interactive sites of host and guest are also presented.     

Photochemistry of Some Codeinones and Morphinones

Irradiation of 5-benzyl-, 5-methoxymethyl-, and 5-allyl-substituted codeinones and morphinones with UV light ( 366 nm) leads to formation of the corresponding 18-phenyl, 18-methoxy, and 18-vinyl derivatives of 4,5-epoxymethanomorphin-7-en-6-one.     

Steroid glycosides XXI. The structure of polygonatoside E′ and protopolygonatoside E′ from the leaves ofPolygonatum latifolium

Summary The chemical structures of two new steroid glycosides from the leaves ofPolygonatum latifolium have been shown. Polygonatoside E is 3-[0--D-glucopyranosyl-(1 3)-0--D-glucopyranosyl-(1 4)-0--d-galactopyranosyl-(1 3)--D-glucopyranosyloxy]-(25R)-spirost-5-ene, and protopolygonatoside E is 26--D-galactopyranosyl-(1 3)--D-glucopyranosyloxy]-(25R)-furost-5-en-22-ol.Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Moldavian SSR, Kishenev. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 350–354, May–June, 1978.     

Triterpene Glycosides of Astragalus and Their Genins. LXI. Occurrence of Cycloartane 6-O-Monodesmosides

Cyclosiversigenin 6-O--L-rhamnopyranoside and 6-O--D-glucopyranoside were isolated fromAstragalus coluteocarpusBoiss. (Leguminosae) andAstragalus dissectusB. Fedtsch. et N. Ivanova, respectively. Cyclosiversigenin 5-O--L-rhamnopyranoside was shown to be an artifact forAstragalus coluteocarpus.Thus, the cyclosiversigenin 6-O--D-glucopyranoside that was isolated from certainAstragalusspecies is hypothesized also to be an artifact. Glycosylation of the 6 -hydroxyl group of cycloartanes by D-glucose and D-xylose, in contrast with other substituents, does not change the low-field position of the PMR signal of the 4-CH ₃ group (1.65 2.01 ppm) that is caused by the influence of deuteropyridine directly on the 6 -hydroxyl. Obviously one of the hydroxyls of the -D-glucopyranoside or -D-xylopyranoside residues has the same effect in this instance.     

Studies in the field of derivatives of unsaturated phosphonic acids 21. Esters and amides of β-ethylhexoxyvinylphosphonic acid

Summary -(-Ethylhexoxy)-vinylphosphonic dichloride, diethyl, dipropyl, dibutyl, di-isobutyl, di-isoamyl, dihexyl, di-2-ethylhexyl, di-(methoxyethyl) and di(ethoxyethyl) esters of -(-ethylhexoxy)-vinylphosphonic acid, tetramethyldiamide, tetraethyldiamide and dipiperidide -(-ethylhexoxy)-vinylphosphonic acid were prepared and characterized.     

Free-radical addition reactions initiated by metal oxides, VI

CuO catalyzed additions of ethyl cyanoacetate, initiated thermally and by di-tert-butyl peroxide, to 1-decene and ethyl 10-undecylenoate were investigated. The CuO catalyzed reaction proceeds already at 80°C at a high rate, produces 11 adducts in high yields and represents the first example of catalysis in radical addition reactions of non-halogenated compounds.

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1- 10-, CuO, -.-. , CuO, 80°C, 11 . .

     

Die γ-Bestrahlung von synthetischem β-Carotin

Zusammenfassung Das feste -Carotin ist gegen -Strahlung ziemlich stabil. Bei Bestrahlung unter Sauerstoffbegasung treten deutliche -Carotin-Verluste erst bei der hohen Dosis von 12 Mrad auf; bei Bestrahlung an der Luft werden ähnliche Radiolyseerscheinungen erst durch wesentlich höhere Strahlendosen ausgelöst. Spaltungsprodukte, die bei 12 Mrad und Sauerstoffbegasung auftraten und dünnschichtchromatographisch aufgetrennt werden konnten, waren Isozeaxanthin, -Carotin-5,6-5, 6-diepoxid, -Carotin-5,8-5,8-diepoxid, -Apo-12-carotinal, -Apo-10-carotinal, 3,3,6-Trihydroxy--carotin-5,8-epoxid und Vitamin-A-Alkohol. Es ist bemerkenswert, daß ein Teil der Radiolyseprodukte (z. B. Vitamin-A₁-Alkohol, -Apo-12-carotinal und -Apo-10-carotinal) Vitamin-A-Wirksamkeit besitzt.

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The -Irradiation of synthetic -carotene. Some physico-chemical and thin-layer chromatographic studies of radiolysis products

Solid -carotene is remarkably stable to -irradiation. In an oxygen atmosphere doses as high as 12 Mrad were required to bring about significant losses of -carotene, whereas in air even larger doses had to be applied in order to effect a comparable degree of radiolysis. Cleavage products which arose in O₂ at a dose of 12 Mrad and which could be separated from each other by thin-layer chromatography were isozeaxanthin, -carotene-5,5-5,6-diepoxide, -apo-12-carotenal, -apo-10-carotenal, 3, 3, 6-trihydroxy--carotene-5,8-epoxide and vitamin A₁. It is notable that some of the radiolysis products (e.g., vitamin A₁, -apo-12-carotenal and -apo-10-carotenal) possess vitamin A activity.

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Herrn Prof. Dr.O. Hromatka zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Alkaloids of Aconitum kirinense. Structure of akirine

The known alkaloid lepenine and the new diterpene alkaloid akirine have been isolated from the epigeal part ofAconitum kirinense Nakai. To establish the structure of akirine, its spectral characteristics have been studied and an x-ray structural analysis has been made. It is 1,8-dihydroxy-16-methoxy-9,14-methylenedioxy-3,4-epoxy-N-ethylaconitane — the first diterpene alkaloid with a lycoctonine skeleton containing a 9,14-methylenedioxy group and a -oriented substituent at C14.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 534–538, September–October, 1992.     

Some Pharmaceutical Properties of a New Branched Cyclodextrin, 6-O-α-(4-O- α-D-Glucuronyl)-D-glucosylβ-cyclodextrin

Some physicochemical and biological properties of a new branched cyclodextrin, 6-O--(4-O--d-glucuronyl)-d-glucosyl--cyclodextrin GUG--CyD) were investigated. Further, theinteraction of GUG--CyD with several drugs was studied by the solubility and spectroscopic methods, and compared with those of parent -CyD and 6-O--maltosyl--CyD(₂--CyD).The hemolytic activity of GUG--CyD on rabbit erythrocytes was lower than those of -CyD and ₂--CyD. GUG--CyD and ₂--CyD showed negligible cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cells up to at least 0.1 M. The inclusion ability of GUG--CyD to neutral and acidic drugs was comparable to or slightly smaller than those of -CyD and ₂--CyD, probably because of a steric hindrance of the branched sugar. On the other hand, GUG--CyD showed greater affinity for the basic drugs, compared with -CyD and ₂--CyD, owing to the electrostatic interaction of its carboxylate anion with positive charge of basic drugs. Thus GUG--CyD may be useful as a safe solubilizing agent particularly for basic drugs.     

Polyhydroxysteroids from the Far-Eastern starfishCtenodiscus crispatus

Four new polyhydroxysteroids, 5-cholesta-3,5,6,15,16,25,26-heptaol, 24-ethyl-5-cholesta-3,5,6,15,28,29-heptaol-29-sulfate, (22E)-24-methyl-5-cholest-22-ene-3,5,6,15,25,26-hexaol-26-sulfate, 24-propyl-5-cholesta-3,5,6,8,15,28,29-heptaol, and the known 5-cholesta-3,5,6,15,16,26-hexaol, have been isolated from the starfishCtenodiscus crispatus.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 1821–1825, October, 1994.     

Triterpene glycosides of Pulsatilla dahurica structures of glycosides A,B, C,and D

The isolation of four triterpene glycosides from the roots of the dahurian anemonePulsatilla dahurica (Fisch. ex DC) Spreng, is described together with their identification, on the basis of chemical transformations, spectral characteristics, and literature analogies, as hederagenin 3-O--L-arabinoside, hederagenin 3-O-[O--D-glucopyranosyl-(12)--L-arabinopyranoside], hederagenin 3-O--L-arabinopyranoside 28-O-[O--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(14)--D-glucopyranosyl-(16)--D-glucopyranoside], and hederagenin 3-O-[O--D-glucopyranosyl-(14)--L-arabinopyranoside] 28-O-[O--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(14)--D-glucopyranosyl-(16)--D-glucopyranoside].Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Nos. 3,4, pp. 349–356, May–August, 1992.     

Triterpene glycosides ofFatsia japonica. I. Isolation and structure of glycosides fromFatsia japonica seeds

The known triterpene glycosides hederagenin 3-O--L-arabinopyranoside, hederagenin 3-O-\-D-glucopyranoside, oleanolic acid 3-O--sophoroside, hederagenin 3-O--sophoroside, and their 28-O--gentiobiosyl esters, respectively, in addition to the new triterpene glycoside 3-O--sophorosyl-28-O--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(14)-O--gentiobiosyl hederagenin are isolated fromFatsia japonica (Araliaceae) seeds. The structures of these glycosides are established using chemical and spectral methods.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 131–133, March–April, 2000.     

Decomposition of isopropanol on V2O5 of different grain morphology and its relation to o-xylene oxidation catalysts

Decompositon of isopropanol has been studied on V₂O₅ samples of different morphology. It has been shown that the selectivity to acetone increases with the increase in the fraction of (010) plane of V₂O₅ on the sample surface, whereas the selectivity to propene decreases. The results are compared with previous data of o-xylene oxidation on the same samples and discussed in terms of the model of V₂O₅ surface [7].

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V₂O₅ . , (010) V₂O₅ , . - V₂O₅.

     

Aggregations or crystals of Acridine Orange in various synthetic-polymer fibres

Summary The visible absorption spectra of the cross-sections of the dyed various synthetic-polymer fibres were measured by means of a microspectrophotometer. We found that the spectra of Acridine Orange hydrochloride in the crosssections of fibres showed a maximum of -band and band, and the spectra of Acridine Orange (free base), indicated a maximum of -band, -band and the crystal peak of the dye. These results suggest that the monomeric state, the aggregate as well as the crystal of the dye exist in these dyed synthetic-polymer fibres.

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Zusammenfassung Die sichtbaren Absorptionsspektren der Querschnitte der verschiedenen gefärbten synthetischen Polymerfasern wurden mit einem Mikrospektrophotometer gemessen. Dabei wurde herausgefunden, daß die Spektra der Acridinorange Hydrochloride in den Querschnitten ein Maximum beim -Band und beim -Band und die Spektra der Acridinorange (freie Base) ein Maximum beim -Band, -Band und beim Kristallpik der Farbstoffe zeigen. Diese Resultate deuten darauf hin, daß sowohl der monomere Status, als auch Aggregate und die Kristalle der Farbstoffe in diesen synthetischen Polymerfasern existieren.

     

Cardiac glycosides of Cheiranthus allioni. XI

Summary Another three cardiac glycosides have been isolated from the seeds ofCheiranthus allioni hort. One of them has been identified as digifucocellobioside (digitoxigenin 3 -O-[O--D-glycopyranosyl(1 4)-O--D-glucopyranosyl(1 4)-O--D-fucopyranoside]). The two other glycosides, called digitoxigenin gulomethyloside and glucodigigulomethyloside are, respectively, digitoxigenin 3 -O--D-gulomethyloside and digitoxigenin 3 -O-(4-O--D-glucosyl--D-gulomethyloside).For Communication X, see [1].Khar'kov Scientific-Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 754–758, November–December, 1975.     

Formation of Supramolecular Polymers Constructed by Cyclodextrins with Cinnamamide

-Cyclodextrin having cinnamamide at 6- or 3-positions (6-CiNH--CD, 3-CiNH--CD) and -cyclodextrin with cinnamamide on 6-position (6-CiNH--CD) have been prepared. Supramolecular structures were formed in the solid state or aqueous solutions and characterized by measurements of NMR and vapor pressure osmometry (VPO). The results indicate that 6-CiNH--CD formed insoluble supramolecular polymers in the solid state, while 6-CiNH--CD and 3-CiNH--CD formed supramolecular complexes in aqueous solutions. 6-CiNH--CD was found to form a dimer in an aqueous solution. 3-CiNH--CD formed intermolecular complexes to give supramolecular polymers. The differences of the position of guest part on cyclodextrins caused to give a variety of supramolecular structures in aqueous solutions.     

Effects of tempering time and tempering temperature of caustic mercerization on the spectral and electrical properties of Egyptian cotton fibres

Several samples of Egyptian cotton fabric strips were subjected to various caustic mercerization conditions, varying in temperature and time. On these samples extensive measurements were undertaken, comprising X-ray diffraction, IR absorption spectra and the temperature-dependence of DC-electric conductivity.The phase constitution, % crystallinity, IR band assignment, activation energies for conduction and energy gap were evaluated as a function of caustic mercerization. The results obtained were correlated and discussed in detail, leading to valuable information of use in the cotton fabric strip industries.

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Zusammenfassung Verschiedene Proben von ägyptischen Baumwollstreifen wurden unter verschiedenen Bedingungen (Temperatur, Zeit) einer Laugung unterworfen. Die gelaugten Proben wurden eingehend durch Röntgendiffraktometrie, IR-Absorptionsspektroskopie und Messungen der Temperaturabhängigkeit der elektrischen Gleichstromleitfähigkeit untersucht. Phasenstruktur, Kristallinität, Zuordnung der Banden, Aktivierungsenergien für die Leitfähigkeit und verbotene Bänder wurden in Abhängigkeit von der Laugung ermittelt. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse wurden miteinander verglichen und in Einzelheiten diskutiert, wobei für die Baumwollverarbeitungsindustrie wertvolle und empfehlenswerte Informationen erhalten wurden.

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Synthesis of esters of α-chloroacetoxy-β,β,β,-trichloroethylphosphonic acids

Summary The synthesis of 11 previously unreported dialkyl esters of -mono-, -di-, and -trichloroacetoxy-,,-trichloroethylphosphonic acids has been effected.     

Reactivity and stability of monomeric forms of iron phthalocyanines

The effect of preparation methods of monomeric iron phthalocyanine on Mössbauer perameters and transformations was investigated. The form of iron phthalocyanine influences the reactivity and stability against oxidative destruction to iron oxides.

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