“互联网+”背景下“无机化学”一流课程建设的思考与实践

面对“互联网+”带来的教与学的新发展和新变革,提出以一流为导向,与时俱进的创新型教学团队建设为主体,内容和形式丰富的教学资源建设为依托,多样化且相融合的教学模式和过程性评价体系建设为主线的建设策略,打造契合专业人才培养目标,教学基础好、教学理念和方法先进、效果显著、具有示范引领作用的无机化学一流课程。     

巧用“唯一法”速算反应热

介绍了一种与常规解法不同的利用盖斯定律求算反应热的方法：观察目标反应，找出在所给的多个反应中仅出现1次的物质，以此来确定目标反应的反应热表达式。从实际调查反馈的情况来看，该方法能明显提高学生的解题速度和正确率。     

水溶液体系ΔfHmθ、ΔfGmθ及Smθ的研究

依据单质与化合物热力学标准的基本概念,提出水溶液体系的热力学"0"标准,给出ΔfHθm、ΔfGθm、Sθm定义,并通过水合离子的Sθm计算实例和误差分析,论证了单质、化合物与水合离子热力学数据可以通用。     

初中化学“水的净化”的项目式教学——以“设计净水系统”为例

以“设计净水系统”为项目主题,介绍了项目教学主题选取、项目目标确定、项目规划、实施与评价策略。项目教学中,关注学生认知与思维发展,随着净水系统的设计、制作、测试和再设计项目学习活动的展开,引导学生综合运用化学、物理、数学等多学科知识方法分析解决问题,促进学生提炼真实情境下“物质分离与提纯”解决思路,发展化学学科核心素养,同时体验和感受完整的工程设计过程。     

微波辅助“一锅煮”合成香豆素3-羧酸类化合物

以取代水杨醛和丙二酸二乙酯为原料,乙醇为溶剂,以吡咯为碱于140 ℃微波反应20 min,再加入氢氧化钠于120 ℃微波反应10 min,采用“一锅煮”的方法合成了8个香豆素-3-羧酸类化合物,收率可达84.0%~96.6%。本方法具有反应时间短、产率高、操作简便的优点,为香豆素-3-羧酸类化合物提供了一种高效、便捷的实验室合成方法。     

自主探究交互软件在“物质的量”教学中的应用

探讨了"物质的量"教学中存在的主要问题,提出应用自主探究的交互教学软件,以探究活动为依托,以培养学生科学研究方法和逻辑推理能力为主旨,从学生已有的知识和经验出发,通过具体的可理解和可操作的问题入手,形成任务并在任务驱动下实现学生自主探究,得到结论、建立概念和导出公式。实践表明,该方法能有效帮助学生建立有关摩尔的概念和计算公式,消除对概念的迷茫,并在定量科学研究方法培养中有一定的作用。     

2009—2018年《化学教育》“问题讨论与思考”栏目分析与研究

以 2009—2018 年《化学教育》期刊“问题讨论与思考”栏目的载文为研究对象,采用系统查阅年度总目录与阅读原始文献相结合的方法,从载文的数量、内容、作者、引文等 4 个方面进行统计分析。发现近 10 年《化学教育》“问题讨论与思考”栏目的年均载文量为33篇;研究内容涉及化学知识讨论、教学讨论、实验探究、教材讨论、习题讨论等;载文作者所属地区、机构分布不均衡;研究方法以思辨和化学实验为主;作者之间的合作研究成为一种趋势;引文数量呈现逐渐增多的趋势。     

“十五”国家级规划教材《分析化学教程》出版

“十五”国家级规划教材《分析化学教程》,历经数年努力,最近由北京大学出版社出版发行。这本教材凝聚着北京大学几代教师的教学经验和体会,同时根据近些年来的教学内容和教学方法改革经验,在课程体系、教学内容和方法上做了较大的调整。分析化学是化学的分支学科,它既是一门具有悠久历史的学科,同时也是发展迅速的学科,尤其是近几十年内,无论在方法上还是应用上它都经历了极大的拓展。分析化学是建立在化学、物理学、数学、生物学、电子学和计算机科学技术之上的一门边缘的和交叉性学科,已经成为一个独立的学科分支———一门关于物质的信…     

可控“分子开关”的现状

可控“分子开关”的现状Ｍｉａｍｉ大学的Ａ．Ｅ．Ｋａｉｆｅｒ和Ｂｉｒｍｉｎｇｈａｍ大学的Ｊ．Ｆ．Ｓｔｏｄｄａｒｔ等人在Ｆ．Ｖｏｇｔｌｅ、Ｒ．Ｂａｌｌａｒｄｉｎｉ及Ｖ．Ｂａｌｚａｎｉ等人工作的基础之上，合成了一种可由ｐＨ或电化学方法调控的超分子，其结构如...     

TDNAZ·HNO3和DNAZ·HCl的结构及性能

钝感高能炸药1,3,3-三硝基氮杂环丁烷（TNAZ）可由3,3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷（DNAZ）进行合成．在合成DNAZ的过程中,得到了中间产物N-叔丁基-3,3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷硝酸盐（TDNAZ·HNO3）和3,3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷盐酸盐（DNAZ·HCl）．培养了二者的单晶,并通过X射线单晶结构分析法测定了它们的晶体结构．TDNAZ-HNO3属于正交晶系,Pnma空间群,晶胞参数a=1．2697（3）nm,b=0．8179（2）nm,c=1．1621（3）nm,V=1．2067nm^3,Z=4．DNAZ·HCl属于正交晶系,Cmc21空间群,晶胞参数a=0．6681（2）nm,b=1．0441（2）nm,c=0．9971（2）nm,V=0．6955nm^3,Z=4．用密度泛函理论方法对该二种化合物进行了几何优化和频率计算,获得分子结构、原子上Hirshfeld电荷、原子间Mayer键级和前沿轨道能量及组成．基于分子和电子结构信息从理论上解释了相关反应机理,并对两种化合物的热稳定性进行了比较．     

"Alpha"-, "beta"- and "delta"-anhydrodigitoxigenin

The syntheses of 3β-hydroxy-5β-carda-14, 20:22-dienolide (= «β»-anhydro-), 3β-hydroxy-5β-carda-8:14, 20:22-dienolide (= «α»-anhydro-) and «δ»-anhydro-digitoxigenin (= probably 3β-hydroxy-5β, 14β-carda-8, 20:22-dienolide) by the best ways known to date, have been described. «δ»-Anhydro-digitoxigenin represents the thermodynamically most stable isomer. In this isomer the double bond in position 8 is unaffected by hydrogenation with Pt in acetic acid; with perbenzoic acid an epoxide results from which, on hydrogenation, the double bond can be regenerated in its original position. Analogous reactions are known to occur in the 8:14-epoxides.     

化“材”为“筑”

Chemistry is a central, practical and creative discipline. The development of chemistry plays an important role in the progress of science and society, as well as the improvement of the quality of human life. This paper introduces the chemical knowledge of stone, concrete, glass and other inorganic nonmetallic building materials by the anthropomorphically story. Taking nanomaterials as an example, the prospect of building materials development in the future is put forward.     

Making "wheels" and "cubes" from triangles

[Mn(IV)Mn(II)3] triangular units directed by the presence of tripodal alcohols self-assemble in the presence of azide and acetate ligands to form either a [Mn24] "wheel" or a [Mn32] "cube".     

"Turn-on" fluorescent sensing with "reactive" probes

Chemical probes are valuable tools for the investigation of biochemical processes, diagnosis of disease markers, detection of hazardous compounds, and other purposes. Therefore, the development of chemical probes continues to grow through various approaches with different disciplines and design strategies. Fluorescent probes have received much attention because they are sensitive and easy-to-operate, in general. To realize desired selectivity toward a given analyte, the recognition site of a fluorescent probe is designed in such a way to maximize the binding interactions, usually through weak molecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, toward the analyte over other competing ones. In addition to such a supramolecular approach, the development of fluorescent probes that sense analytes through chemical reactions has witnessed its usefulness for achieving high selectivity, in many cases, superior to that obtainable by the supramolecular approach. Creative incorporations of the reactive groups to latent fluorophores have provided novel chemical probes for various analytes. In this feature article, we overview the recent progress in the development of turn-on fluorescent probes that are operating through chemical reactions triggered by target analytes. Various chemical reactions have been implemented in the development of many reactive probes with very high selectivity and sensitivity toward target analytes. A major emphasis has been focused on the type of chemical reactions utilized, with the hope that further explorations can be made with new chemical reactions to develop reactive probes useful for various applications.     

"Clickable" polymersomes

Polymersomes, composed of amphiphilic polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA), with the periphery being covered with azide groups, were used for further functionalization using "click" chemistry.