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消光起伏光谱法(TFS)是一种新的颗粒测量方法,可同时测量两相流中颗粒的粒径分布和体积浓度。由于在测量原理和结构上非常简单,这种方法可用来实现在线、实时测量。然而在实际测量中,消光起伏光谱法对颗粒粒径分布的分辨率还比较低且对高浓度颗粒系的测量须考虑颗粒相互作用效应。本文提出一种新的数据处理方法-消光起伏相关光谱法(TFCS),通过对消光起伏信号在不同相关时间参数下进行相关计算来得到消光起伏光谱以提高消光起伏法对颗粒粒径分布的分辨率。 相似文献
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消光起伏频谱法是一种新的测量两相流系统中颗粒粒径分布和浓度的方法,装置简单,操作方便,适合实时、在线测量。采用二阶低通滤波器对起伏的透射率信号分析,得到消光起伏频谱实验数据,并利用改进的Chahine循环方法计算得到颗粒的粒径分布和浓度信息。重点讨论高浓度情况,包括对特征函数频率响应的修正和对其阶高修正两个方面,得到修正参量并运用到反演算法中从而得到正确的测量结果。测量结果表明,通过高浓度修正,消光起伏频谱法可以在很大的颗粒浓度动态范围得到合理的测量结果,其可测颗粒最大体积分数视颗粒的大小而定。 相似文献
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针对压缩机出口除油器效率性能评价,提出一种基于光闪烁法的润滑油油雾液滴浓度在线检测方法。基于颗粒系层模型和Lambert-Beer定律,以层测量体透过率作为泊松分布随机变量,推导了光闪烁法在长光程平行光束下的颗粒浓度检测模型。闪烁频率根据测量体大小、颗粒直径和颗粒速度确定,并通过影响闪烁信号的拟合方差影响检测精度。对于某型压缩机润滑油,通过光谱扫描和主成分分析法确定了在可见光波段,400 nm波长光束具有最佳的检测灵敏度和正相关性。实验结果表明,相较于光透射法,在0~50 mg·m-3油雾浓度范围内基于光闪烁法检测标定结果误差小于10%,线性相关系数R2=0.989。 相似文献
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时间或空间相关透射起伏频谱法是近年发展起来的一种新的颗粒测量方法,它可同时测量颗粒粒径分布和浓度,并可用来进行在线、实时测量。研究表明,随着浓度增大,逐渐增强的高浓度效应会导致测量值越来越严重地偏离理论值。本文采用模拟计算方法讨论无限细光束照射下的时间相关透射起伏频谱法高浓度效应并给出部分实验验证。分析表明,无限细光束照射时的透射起伏相关频谱主要受到层结构效应的影响,颗粒交叠效应不明显,表明为随着颗粒浓度增大,转换函数(特征函数)逐渐偏离低浓度理论值并向无因次相关时间小的方向移动,阶高始终保持不变。 相似文献
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用多波长消光法测量大颗粒的尺寸分布 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
基于Mie光散射理论,提出一种用多波长消光原理(light extinction)测量大颗粒的尺寸分布的方法.理论分析及计算机数值模拟表明,采用可见光波段的多波长消光法可将测粒上限扩展至300μm以上.文中给出了数值模拟结果和对几种大尺寸标准颗粒的实测结果. 相似文献
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提出了一种基于图像动态光散射原理测量二维纳米颗粒粒度的新方法,称为平移转动-图像动态光散射(TR-IDLS)法。采用会聚的偏振高斯光束照射样品池中处于布朗运动的二维纳米粒子,分别采集纳米粒子的水平偏振散射光信号和垂直偏振散射光信号。根据两个偏振方向上散射光光强波动的时间相关函数,计算出纳米颗粒的平移和转动扩散系数的分布,进而从扩散系数中获得颗粒的长宽比、等效直径和厚度的分布。采用该方法测量了球形标准纳米颗粒和片状云母颗粒的粒径。采用电镜获得了片状云母颗粒的形状和等效直径,并与TR-IDLS方法的实验结果进行比较,验证了TR-IDLS方法的可行性。 相似文献
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Transmission fluctuation spectrometry (TFS) is being developed as a new method of particle size analysis. In the early approaches, the particle suspension was illuminated by one beam with finite beam diameter and the transmission signals underwent a process with variable spatial and/or temporal averaging and a subsequent nonlinear operation. The transmission fluctuations were obtained as a spectrum which included the information on particle size distribution and particle concentration. A new approach presented here employs two narrow parallel beams. While changing the beam separation, the transmission fluctuations of these two beams are expressed in terms of the expectancy of the transmission product (ETP). The analytical expression of the ETP through a monolayer is derived and the ETP of a 3‐dimensional suspension is formulated based on the layer model. The deviation between the transition functions of 3‐dimensional suspensions and monolayers is found to be affected by effects from particle overlapping and monolayer structure. 相似文献
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Transmission fluctuation spectrometry with spatial correlation (TFS‐SC) is based on transmitting two beams of radiation through a flowing suspension, whereby the distance of the beam centers is varied. Thus, the spatial correlation of the transmission fluctuations of the two beams is determined as a function of the beam distance. By numerical modeling, the transition functions of the correlation are found as a function of beam distance, beam diameters, particle diameter and beam intersection angle. Experimentally determined spatial correlation spectra can be inverted to obtain the particle concentration and particle size distribution by using the theoretical transition functions for mono‐sized particles. In addition, time correlations can be used to extract information on particle velocity. Some experimental results obtained by TFS‐SC are presented and discussed. This method appears promising for application in the local resolving of measurements of PSD, particle concentration and particle velocity in two‐phase flows, both in the laboratory and in process control. 相似文献
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A transmission signal measured on a flowing suspension of particles with a high spatial and temporal resolution shows significant fluctuations, which contain the complete information on particle size distribution and particle concentration. In Parts 1 and 2, the basic properties of signal fluctuations were studied for temporal averaging by a gliding time window and for spatial averaging by a circular beam of uniform intensity. However, the experimental implementation of such conditions is difficult. Now, the theory is extended for Gaussian beams of variable diameter and averaging by signal filtering in the frequency domain. This provides the basis for an experimental implementation by transmission of a laser beam and analog signal processing by an array of low pass filters. 相似文献
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Transmission fluctuation spectrometry (TFS) is a method for the analysis of particle size distributions based on the statistical fluctuations of a transmission signal. Complete information on the PSD and particle concentration can be retrieved by a special transformation of the transmission signal, whereby the expectancy of the transmission square (ETS) is determined after the signal has been subjected to a procedure of spatial and temporal averaging. By varying the averaging parameters over a wide range, a spectrum of ETSs is obtained and introduced into a linear equation system, which yields the PSD. In the experimental realization presented here, variable temporal averaging is realized in the frequency domain with a series of low pass filters at different cutoff frequencies while spatial averaging inevitably occurs as the particles pass through a focused Gaussian beam of finite cross section. Experimental results on spherical particles (glass beads) and non‐spherical particles (SiC) are presented. The PSDs are resolved in 30 intervals within a particle size range from 1–1000 μm, employing a modified Chahine inversion algorithm. So far, the measurements are limited to moderate particle concentrations. Some influences affecting the measurements, especially for higher particle concentrations, are discussed in detail. 相似文献
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Within the past 20 years, particle size analysis with laser diffraction (LD) has been subject to rapid development, extending the size range stepwise from 1–200 μm to about 0.1–3500 μm. The limits of LD are discussed in terms of light sources, the influence of the beam diameter, special Fourier optics and a new detector design. It is shown that the size range is not only restricted by the wavelength of the laser and the transmission limits of the medium. Its extension is mainly related to improvements in the measurement of the angular intensity distribution. Influences from stability and flow dominate on the coarse side of the measuring range. On the fine side, the spatial extension of aerosols and the resulting demand for extended working distances can be covered only in a parallel laser beam. Extended Fourier optics in combination with an adapatable beam expansion technique and a detector with virtual borders between semicircular elements overcome the existing limits and extend the size range to a lower limit of about 0.05 μm and an upper limit above 10 mm. The sensititivity limit of LD is approaching that of single particle counting techniques. For medical spray and inhaler applications, a 0.1% optical concentration can be converted to particle size distributions even for time-resolved analyses with sample intervals of a few milliseconds. The reproducibility of the sensor, with a standard deviation typically much less than 0.5%, is no longer the limiting factor. The reproducibility of the results is mainly dominated by the reproducibility of sampling, sample splitting, dispersion and the contamination of the optical path. The latter can be improved by the control of flow, especially for in-line and inhaler applications. 相似文献
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Eugene Astrakharchik‐Farrimond BorisY. Shekunov NicolasB.E. Sawyer StephenP. Morgan MichaelG. Somekh ChungW. See 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2003,20(2):104-110
A phase‐sensitive wide field transmission microscope, combining the advantages of both interferometric and confocal techniques, has been developed and applied to analysis of particulates, both in dry powder form and in suspensions. The microscope has also been used in detecting defects in crystals. Confocal operation is achieved by superimposing speckle illumination of a reference beam in a Mach‐Zehnder interferometer with a matched speckle pattern of the object beam. It is shown that the phase measurement enables particle size to be determined even when the particle is smaller than the focal spot size. The data acquisition time is below 1ms, making the system suitable for dynamic process measurement. The experimental results are in good agreement with modelled results giving rise to the possibility of simultaneous determination of both the size and refractive index of small particles. 相似文献