无压浸渗SiC/Al复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用无压浸渗法制备不同碳化硅粒度和体积分数的SiC/Al复合材料,利用销-盘摩擦磨损试验机考察了碳化硅的粒度和体积分数等对SiC/Al复合材料干摩擦磨损性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜观察磨损表面形貌并分析其磨损机理.结果表明,SiC/Al复合材料的磨损率随碳化硅体积分数增加而降低.与灰铸铁配副时,材料的摩擦系数与磨损率明显依赖于碳化硅粒度,二者均随碳化硅粒度增加而降低.复合材料的磨损机制以碳化硅颗粒的碎裂、脱落和表面犁沟为主要特征.     

碳黑填充超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

采用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机考察了载荷及偶件表面粗糙度对碳黑填充超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响；利用扫描电子显微镜观察复合材料磨损表面形貌并分析了其磨损机理．结果表明：同UHMWPE相比，碳黑填充UHMWPE的磨损质量损失随载荷增加而增大的幅度较小；偶件表面粗糙度对碳黑填充UHMWPE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能影响较大，随着偶件表面粗糙度的增大，摩擦系数和复合材料的磨损质量损失均显著增大．UHMWPE及其碳黑填充复合材料在干摩擦条件下同45“钢及SiC喷涂层涂覆45“钢对摩时主要呈现犁削和塑性变形特征，犁削和塑性变形程度随载荷和偶件表面粗糙度增加而加剧。     

纳米SiC增强CoCrMo高温抗磨复合材料及摩擦学性能

采用粉末冶金技术制备了纳米SiC陶瓷颗粒(0.0%、1.0%、2.2%和3.4%,质量分数,后面未作特殊说明,均为质量分数)强化的CoCrMo基高温抗磨复合材料,对复合材料的相组成及高温摩擦学性能进行了系统性研究.在室温至1 000℃范围内利用球-盘式高温摩擦试验机测试了材料的高温摩擦学性能.结果表明：复合材料的基体主要由γ (fcc)和ε (hcp)合金相构成,加入纳米SiC后复合材料出现了MoCr相,这有利于复合材料硬度的提高;纳米SiC提高了复合材料的硬度,同时降低了复合材料的密度;摩擦系数与纳米SiC的含量和温度相关,摩擦系数随纳米SiC含量的增加而增大,室温至800℃的摩擦系数整体呈下降趋势,1 000℃时含2.2%和3.4%SiC的复合材料具有较低的摩擦系数;高温环境下复合材料的抗磨损性能随纳米SiC含量的增加而显著提高;复合材料的磨损机理在不同温度下存在差异,随着温度升高,磨损机理逐渐由磨粒磨损和塑性变形转变为氧化磨损.室温至1 000℃范围内CoCrMo-2.2%SiC具有较优异的高温抗磨损性能,这主要归因于复合材料的高硬度和磨损表面完整的氧化物润滑层.     

填充聚醚醚酮复合材料在水润滑下的摩擦学特性研究

研究了水润滑下炭纤维、石墨及聚四氟乙烯填充聚醚醚酮复合材料与不锈钢对摩时的摩擦磨损性能，利用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了磨损表面和磨屑形貌，利用X射线能量色散谱仪分析了磨损表面的元素组成．结果表明：炭纤维含量对摩擦副的摩擦系数影响不大，磨损率随着炭纤维含量的增加而减小；随着载荷增大，摩擦系数先降低而后升高，当载荷较小时，填充聚醚醚酮复合材料的磨损率随载荷增大而缓慢增加，当载荷超过一定值后，磨损率急剧增加；填充聚醚醚酮复合材料在较低载荷下主要呈现疲劳磨损特征，在较高载荷下主要呈现微切削特征．     

纳米及微米颗粒改性玻璃纤维织物复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

用玄武三号栓-盘式摩擦磨损试验机研究了纯玻璃纤维织物以及辐照聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)粉末、MoS2粉末、纳米TiO2和纳米CaCO3填充改性玻璃纤维织物复合材料的摩擦磨损性能；采用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了其磨损表面形貌．结果表明，辐照PTFE粉末和纳米TiO2可以明显提高玻璃纤维织物复合材料的减摩抗磨性能，且辐照PTFE粉末的减摩抗磨效果明显优于纳米TiO2；当PTFE的质量分数为10％时，PTFE改性玻璃纤维织物复合材料的综合摩擦磨损性能最好．MoS2和纳米CaCO3则使得玻璃纤维织物复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率明显增大，其中纳米CaCO3填充玻璃纤维织物的摩擦磨损性能最差。     

SiCp／Cu复合材料摩擦磨损行为研究

采用粉末冶金结合热挤压工艺制备了组织均匀、致密的SiCp／cu复合材料，在MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机上考察了复合材料在干摩擦条件下同GCr15钢对摩时的摩擦磨损性能；采用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了复合材料磨损表面和截面形貌；采用X射线能量色散谱仪分析了复合材料磨损表面元素组成．结果表明，SiC颗粒作为增强相可以起到承载作用、减轻基体同偶件之间的粘着作用以及使基体产生塑性变形，从而显著改善复合材料的耐磨性能．但由于硬质SiC颗粒的犁削作用以及复合材料磨损表面高硬度机械混合层的形成，同Cu基体相比，复合材料的摩擦系数有所增大．SiCp／Cu复合材料主要呈现磨粒磨损和源于亚表层裂纹扩展的剥层磨损特征，其磨损表面形成的富Fe机械混合层对改善复合材料的耐磨性能具有重要影响．     

三维网络SiC/Cu复合材料在15W油中的摩擦性能

在转速为1 500～7 000 r/min、比压为1.1～3.9 MPa条件下,以65Mn钢为对摩副,以15 W油为冷却介质,研究了三维网络SiC/Cu复合材料在油流量为8 mL/(min·cm2)时的摩擦性能.结果表明,三维网络SiC/Cu复合材料摩擦片的摩擦系数较粉末冶金摩擦片的摩擦系数有大幅度提高;粉末冶金片与三维网络SiC/Cu复合材料片具有不同的失效机制:粉末冶金片的失效机制是表面裂纹和"过铜"(对偶中铜的转移),三维网络SiC/Cu复合材料片的失效机制以"过铁"(对偶中铁的转移)导致的SiC骨架被覆盖而失去作用为主;2种摩擦片与65Mn钢对摩的过程中都伴随着不同程度的氧化磨损.但粉末冶金片的主要磨损机理为磨粒磨损,而三维网络SiC/Cu复合材料片的磨损机理主要表现为"材料转移"导致的黏着磨损.     

C/C复合材料及高强石墨高温摩擦磨损性能对比研究

采用MG-2000型摩擦磨损试验机对比考察了C／C复合材料及航空发动机主轴密封环拟用材料高强石墨的高温摩擦磨损行为，采用显微激光拉曼光谱仪及扫描电子显微镜分析了C／C复合材料磨损表面组成及形貌．结果表明：具有粗糙层和光滑层复合结构的C／C复合材料的高温摩擦磨损性能明显优于高强石墨材料，适合用作航空发动机主轴密封环材料；C／C复合材料的高温摩擦磨损性能取决于磨粒磨损、粘着磨损及氧化磨损的共同作用．     

增强颗粒对铝基复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

采用自制的摩擦磨损试验机考察了增强颗粒对铝基复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：在基体合金、陶瓷颗粒尺寸和体积分数相同的条件下,SiC增强铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能优于Al2O3增强铝基复合材料;增大颗粒尺寸或增加颗粒体积分数均使得SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的平均摩擦系数略有降低,耐磨性能提高;在与半金属摩擦材料配副时,颗粒增强铝基复合材料的摩擦系数与基体合金的相近,耐磨性能提高了3个数量级。     

碳纤维—中铜—石墨复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

对采用粉末冶金法制备的含不同质量分数的碳纤维－中铜－石墨复合材料，在滑动速度为１５ｍ／ｓ，载荷４．９Ｎ的条件下，分别进行了５０ｈ的不通电和通电干摩擦试验，并用扫描电镜对其磨损表面进行了观察分析。结果表明：在无电流干摩擦条件下，随碳纤维含量的增加，复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损量逐渐减小；而在电流密度为２０Ａ／ｃｍ＾２时，复合材料的摩擦系数比不通电时小，但磨损量比不通电时大３￣７倍，磨损机理也有差别。     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

Preface

This special issue of PARTICUOLOGY is devoted to the first UK-China Particle Technology Forum taking place in Leeds, UK, on 1-3 April 2007. The forum was initiated by a number of UK and Chinese leading academics and organised by the University of Leeds in collaboration with Chinese Society of Particuology, Particle Technology Subject Group （PTSG） of the Institution of Chemical Engineers （IChemE）, Particle Characterisation Interest Group （PCIG） of the Royal Society of Chemistry （RSC） and International Fine Particle Research Institute （IFPRI）. The forum was supported financially by the Engineering and Physics Sciences Research Council （EPSRC） of United Kingdom,     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.