等度反相高压液相色谱法同时测定艾叶中四种黄酮化合物的含量

建立艾叶中槲皮素、山萘酚、木犀草素、芹菜素含量测定方法。反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱ZORBAX SB-C18(150×4.6 mm,5μm);检测波长360 nm;V(甲醇)∶V(0.2%H3PO4)=45∶55为流动相;柱温30℃;流速1.0 mL/min。槲皮素、山萘酚、木犀草素、芹菜素理论板数分别为槲皮素:大于5000山萘酚:大于6000木犀草素:大于6000芹菜素:大于7000;4种化合物的分离度均大于1.5。槲皮素、山萘酚、木犀草素、芹菜素回归曲线分别为:Y=1504.412X 9.9756,Y=1991.745X 8.6051,Y=567.591X 2.5397,Y=1811.803X 0.3074,在5.5216×10-2~19.3256×10-2μg/mL、4.608×10-2~16.128×10-2μg/mL、12.5504×10-2~43.9264×10-2μg/mL、6.0288×10-2~21.1008×10-2μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r为0.99992~0.99998,加样回收率分别为102.0%、100.2%、100.1%、100.4%,RSD分别为2.97%、2.61%、2.66%、3.45%。样品分别含槲皮素、山萘酚、木犀草素、芹菜素0.754、0.841、1.629、0.79 mg/g。本法为艾叶提供了分析4种黄酮化合物方法,该法简便可行,重复性好,数据及结果可靠。     

罗布麻叶黄酮类成分酶解前后的液相色谱-质谱分析及活性比较

采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱(HPLC-ESIMS)联用技术,对罗布麻叶中的黄酮类化合物及酶解产物进行了系统的研究。结果表明,罗布麻叶所含黄酮成分极性较大,包含白麻苷、芦丁、山萘酚-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷、异槲皮素、扁蓄苷和乙酰化金丝桃苷。罗布麻叶黄酮类成分经过β-葡萄糖苷酶和α-鼠李糖苷酶混合酶液酶解后发生水解,水解产物包括金丝桃苷、异槲皮素、乙酰化金丝桃苷、三叶豆苷、紫云英苷、槲皮素和山萘酚。将酶解前后各化合物的高效液相色谱峰面积进行比对,证明白麻苷、山萘酚-3-O-芸香糖苷和扁蓄苷为酶解前罗布麻叶主要成分,金丝桃苷、异槲皮素、扁蓄苷、槲皮素和山萘酚为酶解后的主要成分。细胞实验结果表明,酶解后3个剂量组的细胞相对增殖率较酶解前分别提升了14.61%、22.48%和20.22%。因此,通过β-葡萄糖苷酶和α-鼠李糖苷酶混合酶液酶解可以有效地将罗布麻叶黄酮苷转化为对应的黄酮苷元及疏水性的黄酮苷,大大提高了罗布麻叶黄酮提取物的抗抑郁活性。     

催化溴酸钾氧化1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚动力学光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根

研究了在磷酸介质中,亚硝酸根对溴酸钾氧化1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)的催化作用的反应条件,建立了测定亚硝酸根的动力学光度法。试验结果线性范围为0.2~8.0μg/25 mL,检出限为5.7μg.L-1,用于样品中亚硝酸根的测定,测定结果的RSD小于2.5%,回收率在101%~104%之间。     

高效液相色谱法测定贯叶连翘中的4种成分

本文利用高效液相色谱法同时测定中药贯叶连翘中绿原酸、芦丁、金丝桃苷和槲皮素四种成分的含量。采用Tiahhe Kromasil C18 100 A(5μm,250mm×4.6 mm)反相色谱柱;流动相为V(乙腈)∶V(水)=20∶80(含0.02%三氟乙酸);紫外检测波长270nm;流速1.0 ml/min;柱温40℃。绿原酸、芦丁、金丝桃苷和槲皮素线性范围分别为3.4~34μg.mL-1(r=0.9993),1.8~18μg.mL-1(r=0.9998),2.3~23μg.mL-1(r=0.9999),3.5~35μg.mL-1(r=0.9991),平均回收率(n=5)分别为98.4%(RSD=1.48%),101.8%(RSD=0.74%),103.7%(RSD=0.77%),103.5%(RSD=1.28%)。方法线性范围宽、相对标准偏差低、精密度高、重现性好,应用于贯叶连翘及制剂样品的测定,结果令人满意。     

HPLC法测定新疆红景天根中总黄酮的含量

建立测定红景天根中总黄酮含量的HPLC法。采用Thermo-C18(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,V(甲醇)∶V(0.4%H3PO4溶液)=50∶50为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长360 nm,柱温25℃。槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素的线性范围分别为O.0128~0.0384、0.24~0.48及0.12~0.44μg;平均回收率分别为106.30%(RSD=1.97%)、102.30%(RSD=1.69%)和100.90%(RSD=1.62%)。所建立的HPLC法可用于测定红景天属植物中总黄酮的含量。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定红景天药材中6种有效成分的含量及质量相关性分析北大核心CSCD

将1.0 g红景天药材粉末用10 mL甲醇超声提取30 min,过滤后即得供试品溶液.以ZORBAX SB-C_(18)色谱柱为固定相,以不同体积比的甲醇和0.3%(体积分数)磷酸溶液的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用高效液相色谱法同时测定供试品溶液中6种有效成分的含量,0~50 min时,在275 nm检测波长下检测红景天苷、熊果苷、酪醇、没食子酸,50~75 min时,在360 nm检测波长下检测山萘酚、槲皮素.结果表明,6种有效成分的质量在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.02~0.04 mg·g^(-1).按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为96.8%~99.7%.在精密度试验中,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于2.0%.方法用于分析5种红景天药材各3批,其中红景天苷的含量均符合药典规定.方差分析和q检验结果表明,5种红景天药材中红景天苷、熊果苷、酪醇、山萘酚、槲皮素含量有显著性差异,没食子酸含量无显著性差异,其中大花红景天中红景天苷、熊果苷、山萘酚、槲皮素的含量最高,高山红景天的酪醇含量最高,长鞭红景天中红景天苷含量最低.     

高效液相色谱法测定凤仙花植株不同部位槲皮素、山奈酚含量

建立了高效液相色谱法测定风仙花不同部位槲皮素和山萘酚含量的方法,并对含量变化进行比较。用DiamonsilTMC18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,甲醇与乙酸(0.5+99.5)以体积比65比35混合溶液为流动相,流量为0.9 mL.min-1,检测波长为365 nm。测得槲皮素回收率为101.1%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.5%,线性范围为0.84~6.72 mg.L-1之间;山奈酚回收率为96.0%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.6%,线性范围在2.56~20.48 mg.L-1之间。经比较试样的分析结果发现,槲皮素含量在未开花叶中最高(0.112 mg.g-1),而山奈酚含量在花中最高(0.972 mg.g-1)。     

HPLC法同时测定24种花中的5种活性成分含量

建立了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定24种花中绿原酸、金丝桃苷、槲皮素、木犀草素和异鼠李素含量的方法。采用C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.2%冰乙酸溶液梯度洗脱,检测波长350 nm,柱温35℃,流速0.8 mL/min。绿原酸、金丝桃苷、槲皮素、木犀草素和异鼠李素分别在0.0208~104.00μg/mL(r=0.99993),0.017~85.00μg/mL(r=0.99998),0.0172~86.00μg/mL(r=0.99997),0.0304~152.00μg/mL(r=0.99997),0.0168~84.00μg/mL(r=0.99986)范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均加标回收率(n=9)92.26%~99.09%,仪器精密度(n=6)RSD均小于3.1%,方法重复性(n=6)的RSD均小于3.6%。方法可同时测定这24种花中绿原酸和黄酮类物质的含量,可作为花中活性成分定量分析的方法。     

固相萃取/液相色谱-质谱/质谱法测定山银花中5种主要黄酮苷元的含量

该文通过含有盐酸的乙醇溶液回流水解并提取,HLB固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱-质谱/质谱法检测,建立了山银花中槲皮素、木犀草素、山萘酚、芹菜素和黄芩素5种黄酮苷元含量的测定方法。实验以芦丁、木犀草苷、紫云英苷、野漆树苷和黄芩苷5种黄酮苷为代表开展研究,山银花样品经50%的乙醇溶液(含10%浓盐酸)回流2 h水解黄酮苷,同时对黄酮苷元进行提取,HLB固相萃取柱净化,采用Mightysil RP-18色谱柱分离,液相色谱-质谱/质谱法检测(电喷雾离子源、多反应监测模式、负离子扫描),外标法定量测定水解后的5种黄酮苷元含量。方法的定量下限(S/N=10)为0.005 g/kg(槲皮素),0.01 g/kg(木犀草素和芹菜素)和0.05 g/kg(山萘酚和黄芩素)。在0~1.0 g/kg范围内,5种黄酮苷元的线性相关系数均大于0.995;在山银花样品中对待测物进行3种加标水平的回收实验(加标水平相当于水解后槲皮素和木犀草素含量为:0.10、0.20、0.40 g/kg,山萘酚、芹菜素和黄芩素含量为:0.05、0.10、0.20 g/kg),方法的平均回收率70.4%~104%;相对标准偏差为4.0%~12%。该方法实现了山银花中多种主要黄酮苷元含量的同时测定,且对研究山银花药效及与黄酮类化合物的关系具有重要意义。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定不同产地及不同药用部位景天三七中4种黄酮类成分的含量北大核心CSCD

建立了同时测定不同产地及不同药用部位景天三七中槲皮素、木犀草素、山奈酚和异鼠李素含量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)法。采用TOP ODS-AQ色谱柱(250×4.6mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,检测波长为365nm。结果表明,槲皮素、木犀草素、山奈酚和异鼠李素的浓度分别在1.90~189.90μg·mL-1(r=0.99996),1.12~112.00μg·mL-1(r=0.99998),3.71~370.56μg·mL-1(r=0.99995)和0.98~97.60μg·mL-1(r=0.99996)范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好线性关系;平均加标回收率分别为99.79%、100.06%、100.19%和100.00%,且不同产地及不同药用部位的4个黄酮类成分在数量上或质量上有明显差异。该方法快速、准确,重现性好,可用于同时测定景天三七中槲皮素、木犀草素、山奈酚和异鼠李素含量。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.