超声微波协同萃取/气相色谱法测定土壤中的多溴联苯醚

建立了同时测定土壤中7种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的超声微波协同萃取/气相色谱测定方法.考察了萃取溶剂的种类和用量、微波功率、萃取时间等因素对模拟土壤中PBDEs回收率的影响,得到了最佳萃取条件:萃取剂为50 mL正己烷-丙酮(1:1),微波辐射功率为90W,萃取时间为10 min.在最佳条件下,PB-DEs在10～40...     

微波辅助萃取/气相色谱-质谱法对电子电气产品中多溴二苯醚的测定

建立了微波辅助萃取/气相色谱-质谱测定电子电气产品中多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)含量的方法,优化了萃取溶剂、萃取温度、萃取时间等微波萃取条件和GC-MS仪器分析条件.方法的准确度和重复性满足定量分析的要求,12种PBDEs组分的定量下限为0.27 ～4.3 mg/kg.将该方法用于分析6种电子电气样品,PBDEs的含量为0.3 ～1.7×104 mg/kg.该方法简单、快速、有机溶剂用量少,满足RoHS指令的要求和实际产品检测的需要 .     

分散液相微萃取气相色谱/气相色谱质谱法测定白洋淀水中多溴联苯醚

建立了分散液相微萃取(DLLME)与气相色谱-微池电子捕获检测器(GC-μECD)、气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用快速测定水样中42种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的新方法。以氯苯(25μL)为萃取剂,乙腈(1.0mL)为分散剂,混匀后注入5.00mL水样中,以3000r/min离心15min,取出下层有机相氮气吹干、定容后取1μL进样分析。在最佳条件下,PBDEs能够被充分提取和良好分离,在2.0～250.0μg/L浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.9982～0.9999;检出限为0.2～4.9μg/L(S/N=3)。将本方法应用于白洋淀水中PBDEs的分析检测,样品中均有BDE-166和BDE-209的检出,对水样进行两个浓度水平(0.017和0.170μg/L)的加标实验,回收率为71.4%～110.8%,相对标准偏差为0.99%～11.84%(n=3),能够满足环境水样中痕量PBDEs的测定要求。     

气相色谱-质谱联用检测塑料产品中溴化阻燃剂

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用测定塑料产品中多溴联苯和多溴联苯醚的方法.以甲苯为提取溶剂,超声提取电子电气产品中多溴联苯(PBBs)和多溴联苯醚 (PBDEs),采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)检测.SCAN和SIM同时扫描,采用质谱特征离子定量分析.结果表明: 9种多溴联苯(PBBs)和10种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的线性关系、检出限、回收率和精密度都较好,RSD均<5.0%,PBBs回收率在97%～111%之间;PBDEs回收率在82%～115%之间.本方法前处理简便,灵敏度高,定性、定量分析准确可靠,且分析时间短,适用于塑料产品中PBBs和PBDEs的测定.     

微波辅助萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定大气可吸入颗粒物中痕量多环芳烃

建立了微波辅助萃取－气相色谱－质谱联用测定大气可吸入颗粒物中痕量多环芳烃（PAHs）的分析方法，优化了萃取时间、溶剂用量、微波辐射功率等微波萃取条件，并与超声波萃取方法进行了对照研究。结果表明：除了苊、芴外，微波萃取方法的回收率在85％－130％之间；方法的检出限在0.002-0.016μg/m^3之间。通过实际样品中PAHs的分析表明，该法快速、溶剂用量小，满足痕量分析的要求。     

微波辅助萃取-气相色谱测定纺织品中多溴联苯(醚)类阻燃剂

建立了微波辅助萃取-气相色谱-微电子捕获检测纺织品中8种多溴联苯及多溴联苯醚类阻燃剂的方法.通过萃取剂选择实验和正交实验,确定了以25 mL正己烷: 二氯甲烷混合溶剂(2:3, V/V)为萃取剂,萃取温度60℃, 仪器功率400 W,萃取10 min的微波萃取条件,并用流速梯度和柱温程序结合的方法优化了气相色谱分析条件.方法的检出限为0.12～0.99 μg/kg;标准加入回收率为75.5%～112.9%;精密度1.3%～11.8%(n=6),适用于纺织品中痕量多溴联苯(醚)类阻燃剂的监测分析.     

微波辅助萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定牙膏中二甘醇

提出了气相色谱-质谱法测定牙膏样品中二甘醇的方法。用微波萃取法以无水乙醇作萃取溶剂,在120℃萃取20min,使牙膏样品中二甘醇溶于乙醇中,所得萃取液经脱水后,用气相色谱-质谱法测定其含量。色谱分离选用HP-INNOWAX色谱柱,采用程序升温方式;质谱测定中采用电子轰击离子源及选择离子监测模式。在最佳萃取和测定条件下,方法的线性范围为0.01～50.0mg·mL-1,检出限(3s/b)为0.005mg·mL-1。用1.0mg·mL-1二甘醇标准溶液6份按方法测定,对方法的精密度作了试验,测得相对标准偏差(n=6)小于1.6%。在牙膏样品基体上加入标准溶液作回收试验,测得回收率为95.0%～103.0%。     

微波萃取-气相色谱法测定血液中的甲基苯丙胺

建立了人体血液中甲基苯丙胺的微波萃取-气相色谱测定方法。分别考察了萃取溶剂种类、用量、样品pH值以及萃取温度、时间等因素对萃取率的影响,并与液-液萃取法进行比较。结果表明,在相同条件下,微波萃取率高于液-液萃取。血液中甲基苯丙胺的最佳提取条件为:调节血样pH为13,以乙酸乙酯为萃取溶剂,于30 ℃下微波提取 8 min。在此条件下平均萃取率达到81.4%,相对标准偏差为6.4%(n=5)。提取液经气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器检测,甲基苯丙胺和基体之间得到了很好的分离,对血液中甲基苯丙胺的最低检测限为220 μg/L。该方法是一种快速、准确、灵敏的测定血液中甲基苯丙胺的方法。     

超声辅助低密度溶剂分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法检测生物样品中的8种毒品

建立了生物样品中8种毒品的超声辅助分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱检测方法,采用密度比水低的有机溶剂甲苯作为萃取溶剂,萃取过程中不需要任何分散剂。对影响萃取富集效率的因素进行优化:将100 μL甲苯萃取剂加入到1 mL样品溶液中,超声波剧烈振荡使甲苯充分分散到样品溶液中进行萃取,离心分层后,抽取上层萃取剂供气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱分析检测。在优化条件下,分析物在各自的线性范围内具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数在0.9984~0.9994之间;检出限为0.05~0.40 μg/L (S/N=3);样品加标回收率在79.3%~100.3%之间,RSD<5.7%。本方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高和重现性好等优点,可应用于生物样品中多种毒品的分析检测。     

气相色谱―质谱法测定仿真饰品中磷酸酯类增塑剂含量

建立了仿真饰品中6种磷酸酯类增塑剂含量的气相色谱―质谱测定法。对提取方法、色谱条件及质谱参数进行了研究。结果表明,采用正己烷/丙酮(体积比1∶1)微波萃取样品35 min可获得良好的提取效果。所建立的微波萃取―气相色谱―质谱法的定量限为1～2.5 mg/kg,在1～2个数量级浓度范围内,线性相关系数R2在0.999以上,在三个添加水平下回收率在86.63%～98.13%之间。对市售9种塑料仿真饰品的测定结果表明磷酸酯的存在风险极低。     

气相色谱-负离子化学电离质谱法分析深海鱼油 食品中的五种多溴联苯醚残留

建立了气相色谱-负离子化学电离质谱法(GC-NCI/MS)同时分析深海鱼油食品中5种多溴联苯醚残留的分析方法。深海鱼油食品用正己烷超声提取、中性与酸性硅胶色谱柱净化和正己烷洗脱后,以PCB103为内标物,采用GC-NCI/MS的选择离子监测方式(SIM)分析;同时探讨了5种多溴联苯醚的NCI/MS特征离子的断裂机理。当空白深海鱼油食品的加标浓度为20.0和100.0 μg/kg时,加标回收率为88.6%～111.3%,相对标准偏差为3.8%～13.5%,方法的检测限为0.77～1.34 μg/kg,线性范围为1.0～500.0 μg/kg,相关系数均大于0.9992。此方法已成功地应用于深海鱼油食品中5种痕量多溴联苯醚残留的同时分析。     

气相色谱/离子阱串联质谱法检测大气中的多溴二苯醚

运用气相色谱-离子阱质谱(ion trap mass spectrometry,ITMS)建立了大气中8种多溴二苯醚的二级质谱(MS/MS)检测方法。优化后的MS/MS方法对7种三溴至七溴二苯醚(BDE28、-47、-99、-100、-153、-154、-183)和十溴二苯醚(BDE209)的仪器检出限分别为0.04~0.23 pg和9.38 pg;方法检出限为6.0~27.1 pg/m3和211.6 pg/m3;6点标准曲线相关系数(r)为0.9980~0.9999。方法对8种目标物的加标回收率为79.1%~101.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.3%~14.3%(n=6)。对6份南京实际大气样品的检测结果表明:离子阱质谱的选择反应监测(selected reaction monitoring,SRM)技术能有效的降低背景干扰。优化后的MS/MS方法对目标化合物有较高的灵敏度,可应用于大气中痕量多溴二苯醚的定量检测。     

The use of copper(II) isonicotinate-based micro-solid-phase extraction for the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soils

A micro-solid-phase extraction (μ-SPE) device was developed by filling copper(II) isonicotinate coordination polymer (Cu(4-C₅H₄N-COO)₂(H₂O)₄) into a porous polypropylene envelope, and the μ-SPE, coupling with gas chromatography (GC) with a micro-cell electron capture detector (μ-ECD), was used for extraction and determination of PBDEs in soils. Variables affecting extraction procedures, including temperature, water volume, extraction time, and desorption time, were investigated in a spiked soil, and the parameters were optimized. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the method detection limits for seven PBDEs (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, and 183) were in the range of 0.026–0.066 ng g⁻¹, and the reproducibility was satisfactory with the relative standard deviation in range of 1.3–10.1%. Good linear relationship between PBDEs concentrations and GC signals (defined as peak area) was obtained in the range between 0.1 and 200 ng g⁻¹. The recovery of the seven PBDEs by μ-SPE varied from 70 to 90%, which was comparable to that determined by accelerated solvent extraction method. Finally, the proposed method was used to determine PBDEs in several field-contaminated soils, and it was suggested that the μ-SPE is a promising alternative microextraction technique for the detection of PBDEs in soils.     

Plunger-in-needle solid-phase microextraction with graphene-based sol-gel coating as sorbent for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers

A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) device, assembled with a commercially available plunger-in-needle microsyringe, with the plunger coated with graphene via a sol-gel approach, was developed for the gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in environmental samples. This is the first application of graphene-based sol-gel coating as SPME sorbent. Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated in detail. The new coating exhibited enrichment factors for PBDEs between 1378 and 2859. The unique planar structure of graphene enhanced the π-π interaction with the aromatic PBDEs; additionally, the sol-gel coating technique created a porous three-dimensional network structure which offered larger surface area for extraction. The stainless steel plunger provided firm support for the coating and enhanced the durability of the assembly. The plunger-in-needle microsyringe represents a ready-made tool for SPME implementation. Under the optimized conditions, the method detection limits for five PBDEs were in the range of 0.2 and 5.3 ng/L (at a signal/noise ratio of 3) and the precision (% relative standard deviation, n=5) was 3.2-5.0% at a concentration level of 100 ng/L. The linearities were 5-1000 or 10-1000 ng/L for different PBDEs. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of PBDEs in canal water samples.     

凝胶渗透色谱结合气相色谱-负化学源质谱法分析鱼肉及鱼油中的多溴联苯醚和得克隆阻燃剂

建立了凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)结合气相色谱-负化学源质谱(GC-NCI/MS)检测鱼肉及鱼油中8种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)同系物及2种得克隆阻燃剂(DP)的分析方法。试样中加入内标物BDE-77和13C12-BDE-209后进行索氏提取,提取液经自动GPC系统除脂,多层硅胶层析柱净化后,在15 m长的毛细管气相色谱柱上分离,NCI/MS以选择离子监测方式检测目标化合物。以鱼肉样品为基质,当PBDEs的加标水平为0.2 ng/g和2 ng/g、BDE-209和DP的加标水平相应提高10倍时,其平均加标回收率为71.1%～121.4%,相对标准偏差为2.96%～13.31%(n=5);以信噪比(S/N)为3计算方法的检出限(LOD)为2.2～39.8 ng/kg。用该方法检测市售鱼肉及鱼油样品,其中多溴联苯醚总含量为2.18～15.93 ng/g,以BDE-209、BDE-47为主,两种DP均未检出。该方法准确、灵敏度高,能够满足富含脂质的动物性样品中痕量DP和PBDEs残留的分析要求。     

凝胶渗透色谱结合气相色谱-负化学源质谱法分析鱼肉及鱼油中的多溴联苯醚和得克隆阻燃剂

建立了凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)结合气相色谱-负化学源质谱(GC-NCI/MS)检测鱼肉及鱼油中8种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)同系物及2种得克隆阻燃剂(DP)的分析方法。试样中加入内标物BDE-77和13C12-BDE-209后进行索氏提取,提取液经自动GPC系统除脂,多层硅胶层析柱净化后,在15 m长的毛细管气相色谱柱上分离,NCI/MS以选择离子监测方式检测目标化合物。以鱼肉样品为基质,当PBDEs的加标水平为0.2 ng/g和2 ng/g、BDE-209和DP的加标水平相应提高10倍时,其平均加标回收率为71.1%～121.4%,相对标准偏差为2.96%～13.31%(n=5);以信噪比(S/N)为3计算方法的检出限(LOD)为2.2～39.8 ng/kg。用该方法检测市售鱼肉及鱼油样品,其中多溴联苯醚总含量为2.18～15.93 ng/g,以BDE-209、BDE-47为主,两种DP均未检出。该方法准确、灵敏度高,能够满足富含脂质的动物性样品中痕量DP和PBDEs残留的分析要求。     

Development of an analytical method for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sewage sludge by the use of gas chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants. As a consequence of their widespread use, they have been released into the environment. PBDEs are lipophilic organic contaminants that enter wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from urban, agricultural and industrial discharges. Because of their low aqueous solubility and resistance to biodegradation, up to 90% of the PBDEs are accumulated in the sewage sludge during the wastewater treatment. To assess the possibilities for sludge re-use, a reliable determination of the concentrations of these PBDEs is of crucial importance. Six PBDE congeners (BDE 28, BDE 47, BDE 99, BDE 100, BDE 153 and BDE 154) are listed as priority substances under the EU Water Framework Directive. In the present work a simple analytical method with minimal sample-preparation steps was developed for a sensitive and reliable determination of the six PBDEs in sewage sludge by the use of gas chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC-ICP-MS). For this purpose an extraction procedure was optimised. Different extracting agents (methanol (MeOH), acetic acid (AcOH)/MeOH mixture (3:1) and 0.1 mol L⁻¹ hydrochloric acid (HCl) in MeOH) followed by the addition of a Tris-citrate buffer (co-extracting agent) and iso-octane were applied under different modes of extraction (mechanical shaking, microwave- and ultrasound-assisted extraction). Mechanical shaking or the microwave-assisted extraction of sewage sludge with 0.1 mol L⁻¹ HCl in MeOH and the subsequent addition of the Tris-citrate buffer and the iso-octane extracted the PBDEs from the complex sludge matrix most effectively. However, due to easier sample manipulation during the extraction step, mechanical shaking was used. The PBDEs in the organic phase were quantified with GC-ICP-MS by applying a standard addition calibration method. The spike recovery test (recoveries between 95 and 104%) and comparative analyses with the species-specific isotope-dilution (ID) GC-ICP-MS confirmed the accuracy of the developed analytical procedure. The procedure is sensitive (limits of detection (LODs) for PBDEs congeners between 0.2 and 0.3 ng g⁻¹), repeatable and reproducible (RSDs 2.2–5.7%) and was applied for the determination of PBDEs in sewage sludge samples collected three times at the municipal WWTP over a period of 16 years.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定电子电气产品中多溴二苯醚及多溴联苯

建立了利用气相色谱-质谱测定电子、电气产品中多溴二苯醚及多溴苯的方法。对样品的粉碎、提取方法、色谱柱的选择、测定条件进行研究,并自建标准质谱图库;采用保留时间、Br同位素规则、质谱特征离子、谱库检索等4种方式相结合进行定性,避免了假阳性及漏检的情况,结果更加准确可靠。本法检出限为5mg/kg,PBDEs的回收率为91.3%,PBBs的回收率为92.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.3%。与现有方法相比,本法分离时间最短(6min),具有简便快速、实用性强、灵敏度高、准确可靠等特点,适用于电子电气产品、塑料、橡胶、汽车内饰材料等的溴系阻燃剂分析,满足欧盟RoHS指令检测的要求。     

气相色谱-负化学源质谱快速测定母乳中的多溴联苯醚

建立了母乳中8种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs：BDE28,BDE47,BDE99,BDE100,BDE153,BDE154,BDE183,BDE209)的气相色谱-负化学源质谱测定方法(GC-NCI/MS)。样品经索氏提取、酸化硅胶除脂、硅胶氧化铝色谱柱净化后,在7 m长的毛细管气相色谱柱上快速分离,NCI/MS以选择离子监测模式测定目标化合物。其中,三溴～七溴联苯醚采用内标法定量,十溴联苯醚(BDE209)采用同位素稀释法定量。8种PBDEs的检出限为1.74～6.35 pg/g(以脂肪计)。加标回收试验的回收率为61.5%～108%,相对标准偏差为2.06%～10.1%(n=6)。并采用母乳参考物质进一步证实了该方法的准确可靠。该方法提高了BDE209的分析灵敏度,而且分析成本相对较低,分析时间短,适于推广。