用于补偿增益窄化效应的Rugate滤波器设计

采用Rugate膜系理论,分别根据钛宝石和钕玻璃介质增益窄化的特点,合理选择补偿增益窄化的调制函数,优化设计出了分别用于补偿钛宝石系统和钕玻璃系统增益窄化效应的Rugate滤波器.由普通均匀多层膜的特征矩阵方法近似分析了设计出的Rugate滤波器的光谱响应,数值模拟了Rugate滤波器的光谱补偿效果.结果显示,能比较好的符合光谱补偿的要求,可以用作补偿增益窄化效应的光谱调制滤波器. 关键词： 超短脉冲 增益窄化 光谱补偿 Rugate滤波器     

光谱线型函数的四种形式及其变换关系

从理论上研究了光谱线型函数的四种形式及其关系,以多普勒展宽导致的线型函数为例,分析了光子数、能量按频率及波长分布函数的最大值和半高全宽。结果表明,光子数、能量按频率的分布函数近似相等,光子数、能量按波长的分布函数也近似相等。通过对多普勒线型函数的分析,建立了根据两条光谱线的线型函数的最大值比值求得光子数比值的方法。     

一种光谱识别的新方法

提出了一种对光谱信号识别的新方法。针对光谱信号的特征 ,我们设计了基于径向基函数神经网络组成的统计混合模型 ,并构造了识别系统的代价函数。通过优化系统的代价函数 ,导出了类EM算法去估计混合模型的参数 ,从而构建对光谱特征识别的识别器。利用实际的拉曼光谱 ,对本文所提出的估计模型参数的算法与建立的光谱识别器进行了检验。我们还讨论了利用特征波长与相应的光谱强度 ,以及利用主分量分析组成输入特征矢量 ,及其这些输入特征矢量对光谱识别器应用的效果。实验结果表明 ,所提出的算法可以有效地估计模型参数 ,其建立的光谱识别模型具有较高的识别准确率。所提出的对光谱信号识别的方法通用性强 ,因此具有较为广阔的应用前景。     

星载大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪狭缝函数研究

星载大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪是一种新型光学遥感仪器,具有分辨率高(0.3～0.5 nm)、宽光谱范围(240～710 nm)、大视场角(114°视场对应地面2 600 km)的特点,载荷采用推扫方式,可实现1日全球覆盖监测。载荷通过探测地球大气或地表反射、散射的紫外/可见光,利用差分吸收光谱技术来获取全球大气痕量气体(NO₂, SO₂, O₃等)分布和变化。定标是遥感数据定量应用的前提,同时为获取载荷光谱特性,需要在地面完成载荷的光谱定标。根据大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪视场角度大、谱段范围宽、空间和光谱分辨率高等特点,搭建了一套基于二维转台的光谱定标系统,此系统能够完成全视场光谱定标。光谱定标采用标准谱线法,光谱定标光源使用汞灯。光谱响应函数是描述光谱仪光谱响应特性的重要参数,根据光谱响应函数可以获取载荷的光谱分辨率,同时也是基于DOAS反演的关键输入参数,光谱响应函数的精度直接影响大气痕量气体的反演结果。根据载荷实际测试的光谱响应数据,选取了Gauss,Lorentz和Voigt三种函数作为待选的光谱响应函数。为对三种函数模型进行筛选,进行了两种筛选对比测试,首先分别用Gauss函数、Lorentz函数、Voigt函数对载荷的单色光响应数据进行拟合,以三种函数的拟合残差平方和作为评判标准,拟合结果表明Gauss函数作为狭缝函数拟合的残差平方和最小为0.01,Lorentz和Voigt函数作为狭缝函数拟合的残差平方和分别为0.033和0.021。从载荷单色光响应数据函数拟合的结果分析,Gauss函数可以作为载荷的光谱响应函数模型。为了进一步验证这一结论,进行了DOAS反演NO₂样气的实验,考察三种函数模型对反演的影响。在实验室开展了NO₂样气测试,大气散射光通过30*40cm的石英窗口入射到载荷狭缝,将NO₂样品池放置在载荷狭缝和石英窗口中间,获取的数据为NO₂样气吸收谱,随后充入N₂气体获取反演的参考谱,实验在晴朗天气下进行,并能够在较短时间内完成,可以减少外界天气条件对反演结果的影响。实验中NO₂样气浓度为8.481 2×1016 molec·cm-2,在利用DOAS进行反演时,设置仪器狭缝函数分别为Gauss,Lorentz和Voigt函数,分析三组不同的函数模型对应的NO₂浓度结果,根据反演结果的相对偏差对函数模型进行评价。实验结果表明Gauss函数作为狭缝函数反演结果的相对偏差最小为5.6%,Lorentz和Voigt函数作为狭缝函数的反演相对偏差分别为28%和15.1%。由光谱响应数据的拟合结果及样气反演结果表明,Gauss函数可以作为载荷的光谱响应函数模型。     

傅里叶变换光谱成像仪光谱传递函数研究

根据光学传递函数理论,定义了光谱成像仪的光谱传递函数. 针对基于Michelson干涉仪的时间调制傅里叶变换（FT）光谱成像仪,基于Sagnac干涉仪、Fresnel干涉仪、Lloyd干涉仪的空间调制FT光谱成像仪,推导出相应的光谱调制传递函数和光谱相位传递函数解析表达式,并分析了其物理意义. 光谱传递函数为评价相应光谱成像仪在光谱域的性能提供了一种量化的判据. 与空间域的光学传递函数相结合,成为反映光谱成像仪综合性能的客观依据. 关键词： 傅里叶变换 光谱成像仪 光谱传递函数     

光谱成像仪快速光谱定标方法研究

光谱定标是确定光谱仪器各通道中心波长的过程,为了获取光谱辐亮度,通常需要对光谱仪器进行辐射定标,将光谱仪器输出的数值,映射为物理量——辐亮度。不同的光谱仪器的光谱响应不同,因此还需要在光谱定标过程中确定各个通道的光谱响应。光谱成像仪可以看成是多个光谱仪组成的,需要对所有点的中心波长和光谱响应进行定标。自第一台成像光谱仪诞生以来,其定标方法逐渐固定,通常需要采用光谱分辨率较光谱成像仪更高的单色仪输出准单色光进行光谱定标,其准单色光的光谱带宽远小于光谱成像仪的光谱响应带宽,可以将准单色光抽象为脉冲函数。根据脉冲函数的特性,改变准单色光的波长,扫描光谱成像仪的响应波长范围,是对光谱响应函数进行间隔采样的过程,通过光谱定标数据可以直接得到光谱成像仪的中心波长和光谱响应函数。随着技术的发展,探测器的灵敏度越来越高,光谱成像仪的分辨率也越来越高,为了完成光谱定标,对光谱定标需要的准单色光提出了更高的要求。然而准单色光的带宽越窄,其能量越低,获取满足信噪比要求的数据需要更长的时间,使定标的效率降低。从光谱定标的目的出发,结合准单色光和光谱成像仪光谱响应近似高斯函数的特点,通过理论分析,提出一种利用宽...     

被动式遥感FTIR测量时的仪器响应函数校正

在应用红外发射光谱来获得某些红外源的绝对光谱能量数据,如辐射源光谱辐射通量密度、辐射源光谱辐射强度、辐射源光谱辐射亮度及光谱辐射照度等时,需要得知不同条件下的仪器响应函数。文章对被动式遥感FTIR测量时的仪器响应函数进行了校正,实验结果表明：在不同的实验条件下,仪器响应函数的变化规律是不同的,它不仅和校正时所采用的绝对黑体温度有关,而且和校正中仪器接收到的信号大小有直接关系。因此,在被动式测量时,要密切注意发射源温度以及发射源发射信号大小,以便获得最佳仪器响应函数校正结果。     

Renormalization of the Asymptotically Expanded Yang–Mills Spectral Action

We study renormalizability aspects of the spectral action for the Yang–Mills system on a flat 4-dimensional background manifold, focusing on its asymptotic expansion. Interpreting the latter as a higher-derivative gauge theory, a power-counting argument shows that it is superrenormalizable. We determine the counterterms at one-loop using zeta function regularization in a background field gauge and establish their gauge invariance. Consequently, the corresponding field theory can be renormalized by a simple shift of the spectral function appearing in the spectral action.     

On the spectral function of carriers in the pseudogap state

We consider the evolution of the spectral function of charge carriers for a 2D Kondo lattice depending on the parameters of the model. A self-consistent solution is obtained for the spectral function using the formalism of irreducible Green’s functions. In the low doping level regime, the behavior of the spectral function exhibits suppression of the spectral weight of carriers in the low-frequency range, which is typical of the pseudogap state.     

太阳光谱辐射计的信号传递与性能表征模型研究

太阳光谱辐射计作为一种专用光谱辐射测量仪器,对于其宽谱段和大动态范围的测量特点,准确完整地表征分光性能是十分重要的。研究内容旨在为太阳光谱辐射计的研制与验证提供明确的理论依据和测试方法,给出清晰而准确的机理模型和指标模型对光谱仪器系统的设计和评估提供指导。因此,重点阐述了光谱仪器系统的信号传递模型到性能指标模型的推导和建立过程。线谱扩展函数这种串联卷积模型能够综合反映仪器的各个元件对系统的影响,而且很容易通过窄带线谱光源测试而得到,并且线谱扩展函数矩阵能够清晰完整地给出光谱仪器的分光性能细节特性。而在线谱扩展函数的基础上再进一步提取关键几何特征,通过简单的算法定义即可得到半高全宽(FWHM),带外抑制和带外辐射这三项示性函数指标,可以很好地对分光系统的性能进行定量表征,是十分有效的光谱仪器系统性能评估的指标模型。     

Vibrotactile identification of vowels

The ability of subjects to identify vowels in vibrotactile transformations of consonant-vowel syllables was measured for two types of displays: a spectral display (frequency by intensity), and a vocal tract area function display (vocal tract location by cross-sectional area). Both displays were presented to the fingertip via the tactile display of the Optacon transducer. In the first experiments the spectral display was effective for identifying vowels in /b/V/ context when as many as 24 or as few as eight spectral channels were presented to the skin. However, performance fell when the 12- and 8-channel displays were reduced in size to occupy 1/2 or 1/3 of the 24-row tactile matrix. The effect of reducing the size of the display was greater when the spectrum was represented as a solid histogram ("filled" patterns) than when it was represented as a simple spectral contour ("unfilled" patterns). Spatial masking within the filled pattern was postulated as the cause for this decline in performance. Another experiment measured the utility of the spectral display when the syllables were produced by multiple speakers. The resulting increase in response confusions was primarily attributable to variations in the tactile patterns caused by differences in vocal tract resonances among the speakers. The final experiment found an area function display to be inferior to the spectral display for identification of vowels. The results demonstrate that a two-dimensional spectral display is worthy of further development as a basic vibrotactile display for speech.     

Hole states in nuclei and the continuum shell model

The hole spectral function which determines the cross section of direct nucleon removal processes is studied in the framework of the continuum shell model with residual interactions. An expression for the spectral function is derived which covers both the bound and continuous parts of the hole spectrum and allows for an exact inclusion of all correlations (except for continuum-continuum coupling) in a restricted space of shell-model configurations. The shell-model approach is compared to the Green function formulation of the spectral function, and some formal relationships between both formulations are established. The results of previous calculations of the spectral function via a second-order mass operator are discussed in the light of the shell-model formalism.     

One-Particle Spectral Function of Electrons in a Hot and Dense Plasma

A self-consistent determination of the spectral function and the self-energy of electrons in a hot and dense plasma is reported. The self-energy is determined within the approximation of the screened potential (GW approximation). The rigorous self-consistent calculation of the spectral function is compared with the quasi-particle approximation. Results are presented for the solar core plasma as well as for ICF plasmas. It is shown, that the quasi-particle concept is not an adequate concept for these plasmas. For the sake of comparison an effective quasi-particle picture is introduced.     

Spectral line broadening in quantum wells due to Coulomb interaction of current carriers

A theoretical analysis of emission line broadening due to Coulomb interaction of carriers is performed. An analytical approximation for the spectral line shape function with exponential decays is derived by using the perturbation theory for many-body electron–hole systems for both non-degenerate and degenerate conditions. An explanation of the experimentally observed spectral line asymmetry and the linewidth change as a function of the temperature and the excitation level is given.     

Should structure functions be used to estimate power laws in turbulence? A comparative study

Second-order structure functions are widely used to characterize turbulence in the inertial range because they are simple to estimate, particularly in comparison to spectral density functions and wavelet variances. Structure function estimators, however, are highly autocorrelated and, as a result, no suitable theory has been established to provide confidence intervals for turbulence parameters when determined via regression fits in log/log space. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to compare the performance of structure function estimators of turbulence parameters with corresponding multitaper spectral and wavelet variance estimators. The simulations indicate that these latter estimators have smaller variances than estimators based upon the structure function. In contrast to structure function estimators, the statistical properties of the multitaper spectral and wavelet variance estimators allow for the construction of confidence intervals for turbulence parameters. The Monte Carlo simulations also confirm the validity of the statistical theory behind the multitaper spectral and wavelet variance estimators. The strengths and weaknesses of the various estimators are further illustrated by analyzing an atmospheric temperature time series.     

FTIR被动遥测信号中的线形函数建模及补偿方法

被动遥测红外信号的精确解译,对远距离、非接触获取污染云团信息具有重要意义。然而,测量过程中的光谱畸变阻碍了这一目的的达成。针对遥测信号中的谱线畸变问题,提出了一种利用线形函数模型自适应补偿傅里叶变换红外光谱仪光谱线形函数的方法。通过对傅里叶变换光谱仪线形函数的成因分析,结合实际仪器设计参数,从理想线形函数、固有线形函数和相位误差三个方面构建线形函数模型;在此基础上,以实测畸变光谱与理论仿真光谱的均方误差作为代价函数,利用迭代优化方法实现了对实际线形函数关键参数进行估算的算法流程;将重构得到的线形函数应用于理论光谱补偿,显著减少了理论仿真光谱与实测光谱之间的差异。分析结果表明,理想线形函数主要影响谱线展宽及旁瓣幅值;固有线形函数造成向低频方向的非对称展宽;而相位误差则会造成谱峰非对称。必须在理论仿真光谱中综合考虑三种来源线形函数的贡献,才能有效建立测量光谱和待反演云团参数之间的联系。实际线形函数畸变参数的获取和补偿应用,有助于提高红外遥测信号的定量解译水平。     

The effect of detuning upon resonance fluorescence

The excitation spectrum of a two-level atom interacting with a strong laser field is considered as a function of the detuning. The spectral function of the system is calculated by making use of the Green's function formalism and includes a physical process which is neglected in many earlier treatments of the one photon problem. It is found that for zero and small detunings, the spectral function describes the well known three peak spectrum which evolves into a four line spectrum as the detuning is increased. Results of numerical calculations for a wide range of detuning are presented and analytic expressions are derived to describe the small and large detuning limits.     

A Green's Function Approach to the Shift of Spectral Lines in Dense Plasmas

Variations of the spectral lines in high dense ion plasmas with temperature and pressure may be characterized by the broadening as well as by the shift of spectral lines. For dense hydrogen- and alkali-plasmas (free carrier density larger than 10¹⁶/cm³) one of the possible mechanisms responsible for line profiles is considered to be the Coulomb interaction with free charged carriers. Using thermodynamic Green's functions, a systematic approach to the theory of spectral lines starting from the complex dielectric function is outlined. The line shift is derived from a perturbative treatment of the two-particle Green's function in the surrounding plasma. The shift of several lines proportional to the carrier density is evaluated as a function of the temperature and compared with experimental results.     

Broadband sound generation by confined turbulent jets

Sound generation by confined stationary jets is of interest to the study of voice and speech production, among other applications. The generation of sound by low Mach number, confined, stationary circular jets was investigated. Experiments were performed using a quiet flow supply, muffler-terminated rigid uniform tubes, and acrylic orifice plates. A spectral decomposition method based on a linear source-filter model was used to decompose radiated nondimensional sound pressure spectra measured for various gas mixtures and mean flow velocities into the product of (1) a source spectral distribution function; (2) a function accounting for near field effects and radiation efficiency; and (3) an acoustic frequency response function. The acoustic frequency response function agreed, as expected, with the transfer function between the radiated acoustic pressure at one fixed location and the strength of an equivalent velocity source located at the orifice. The radiation efficiency function indicated a radiation efficiency of the order (kD)2 over the planar wave frequency range and (kD)4 at higher frequencies, where k is the wavenumber and D is the tube cross sectional dimension. This is consistent with theoretical predictions for the planar wave radiation efficiency of quadrupole sources in uniform rigid anechoic tubes. The effects of the Reynolds number, Re, on the source spectral distribution function were found to be insignificant over the range 20002.5. The influence of a reflective open tube termination on the source function spectral distribution was found to be insignificant, confirming the absence of a feedback mechanism.     

Spectral anomalies due to temporal correlation in a white-light interferometer

We present what we believe to be the first experimental demonstration of anomalous spectral behavior such as spectral shifts and spectral switches due to temporal correlation around the intensity minima in a white-light interferometer. Unusual behavior in the number of spectral fringes, measured within the source bandwidth, as a function of path delay between the interfering beams is also reported. Experimental observations match well with the spectra calculated by using the interference law in the spectral domain.