离子液体中铜纳米粒子膜的电沉积制备及表面增强拉曼光谱

采用恒电位方法研究了室温离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氟硼酸盐([BMIM]BF₄)中氧化铟锡(ITO)电极表面Cu的沉积过程. 结果表明, Cu²⁺在ITO表面经中间产物Cu⁺还原为Cu. 采用XRD和SEM对不同电位下沉积层的组成和结构进行了考察. 结果表明, 表面组成和结构与沉积电位有关. 在较正电位下沉积所得为Cu/Cu₂O的混合纳米粒子; 在较负电位下为Cu纳米粒子. 随着沉积电位逐渐变负, 其形貌经历了花状、 棒状向球形纳米粒子转变的过程, 且所得沉积膜逐渐变得致密, 其中Cu纳米粒子膜表现出较强的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性, 并且SERS信号均一.     

枝晶状纳米铜修饰激光诱导石墨烯电化学传感器的制备及其在葡萄糖检测中的应用

本文以柔性聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜为原料,采用激光雕刻方法构筑激光诱导石墨烯(LIG)三电极阵列.以此为基底,通过电沉积方法制备Ag/AgCl参比电极和枝晶状纳米Cu修饰工作电极,用于构建柔性非酶型葡萄糖电化学传感器.在0.1 mol/LNaOH和0.1 mol/L KCl的混合溶液中,施加0.5 V检测电位,其检测葡萄糖...     

硫脲在HNO3介质中共吸附行为的喇曼光谱研究

用常规Raman谱、电化学现场表面增强喇曼散射光谱(SERS)和时间分辨SERS光谱(TRSERS)研究了硫脲(TU)在HNO₃介质中与NO-3的共吸附行为.实验结果表明,NO₃^-离子能被TU诱导共吸附在其质子化氨基上;TU以S端按σ配位键方式化学吸附在银电极表面.在较正电位区间(≥-0.6V),TU垂直吸附,电位负移(≤-0.8V),TU由垂直逐渐转变为倾斜甚至平躺吸附;在较负的电位下(≤-0.8V),TU在HNO₃介质中比在HClO₄中更稳定,甚至在-2.0V的电位下亦能检测到TU的SERS信号.     

邻碘苯甲酸电还原脱碘的原位红外光谱研究

采用循环伏安法研究了邻碘苯甲酸在NaOH溶液中的电化学还原反应,与Pt和Ti等电极相比,Ag和Cu电极对邻碘苯甲酸具有较好的电还原活性,还原电位向正电位方向移动.通过原位红外光谱技术研究了邻碘苯甲酸在Ag和Cu电极上的电还原机理.结果表明,在电位高于-800 mV时,邻碘苯甲酸在Ag电极表面先形成吸附中间态R…I…Ag,而在Cu电极表面以负离子形式存在.随着电位的进一步负移,邻碘苯甲酸在Ag和Cu电极上均发生脱碘加氢反应,经还原得到最终产物苯甲酸.     

锌铈混合金属氧化物薄膜电化学沉积的研究

采用自制四电极体系,原位测量锌铈混合氧化物薄膜电沉积过程电极/溶液界面pH的动态变化。电极/溶液界面的pH-时间曲线表明,pH快速上升后达到平衡,且电沉积过电位越大,达到平衡pH值的时间越短,平衡pH值也越高。X射线粉末衍射(XRD)实验证明薄膜沉积物是由ZnO和CeO2组成。电感耦合等离子体(ICP)技术分析了不同电沉积电位、不同电沉积时间下电沉积产物中Ce(Ⅲ)/Zn(Ⅱ)的物质的量比,结果表明Ce(Ⅲ)/Zn(Ⅱ)的物质的量比随着pH值的升高而增加。依据Zn2+离子和Ce3+离子液相和固相中存在形态的热力学数据,计算了2种金属离子的条件溶解度随pH的变化曲线。结合实验测试数据和理论计算结果,讨论了电极表面金属氧化物的电化学沉积机理,并阐明了阴极表面混合金属氧化物的组成取决于液-固两相中金属离子存在形态的热力学性质。     

非水体系中苯并三唑在铜电极上吸附的电化学表面增强拉曼光谱研究

采用电化学现场表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)研究了非水体系中苯并三唑(BTAH)在铜电极上的吸附及成膜行为, 结果表明非水体系中BTAH的吸附行为随电位变化而不同. 较负电位区间主要以中性分子形式吸附; 中间电位区间主要以BTA^－吸附并不可逆成膜; 而在氧化电位区间主要表现为铜的氧化. 随中性配体三苯基膦(pph₃)的加入, 在中间电位区间, 由于易溶的Cu(pph₃)_n⁺的生成而使铜的溶解速度加快, 最终该阳离子在溶液中和BTA^-作用而生成了多核铜的配合物. 采用直接电化学方法模拟电极表面过程合成了相应的吸附产物, 并对其组成进行了相关表征.     

甲酸在Aucore@Ptshell/Pt电极上电催化氧化的原位SERS

用化学还原法合成了Aucore@Ptshell纳米粒子, 并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线衍射(XRD)等技术对纳米粒子进行表征; 采用电化学原位表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术对甲酸的电催化氧化过程进行了研究, 成功地获得了甲酸在Aucore@Ptshell/Pt电极上解离吸附的原位SERS. 结果显示, 在开路电位时, 甲酸能在Aucore@Ptshell/Pt电极表面自发氧化, 解离生成强吸附中间体COad和弱吸附中间体HCOOad, 在电位为+0.10 V时检测到氧化产物CO2的谱峰. 研究结果表明, Aucore@Ptshell/Pt电极对甲酸的氧化具有较高的催化活性和较强的SERS效应, 甲酸在Aucore@Ptshell/Pt电极上的电催化氧化过程遵循双途径机理.     

金纳米粒子单层膜表面SPR催化反应的原位SERS研究

表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）基底的活性和均匀性是其SERS应用研究的关键,通过气-液两相界面自发组装的方式及控制组装的时间可制备致密性不同的金纳米粒子单层膜（Au MLF）.由于疏松和致密基底表面的LSPR产生的方式和强度不同导致SERS增强效应和均匀性两者无法同时兼顾,通常得到局域表面等离激元共振（SERS）增强性能及表面等离激元共振（SPR）催化性能优异但均匀性欠佳的疏松基底,或SERS增强性能与SPR催化性能中等但均匀性优越的致密基底.研究表明SERS增强效应的提高与粒子密度增加和“热点”活性增加有关,而SPR催化转化率仅与“热点”活性有关.本文以致密的Au MLF为基底,以对巯基苯胺（PATP）和对巯基苯甲酸（MBA）为探针分子系统研究了激光功率对SPR催化反应效率的影响,研究发现激光功率提高可显著提升PATP偶联反应及MBA脱羧反应的转化率.同时发现后者脱羧反应的速率与激光功率平方的倒数成线性关系,为相关表面过程的动力学参数测定提供了新的途径.     

纯锌电极上的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

通过化学刻蚀、电化学沉积和电化学氧化还原等粗糙方法,寻找合适的条件对锌电极表面进行预处理,以期获得吡啶在纯锌电极上的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS).实验证明,电化学氧化还原处理是最佳的选择.以0.5mol/LNaClO4中性溶液作为电解质溶液,分别进行电化学氧化还原循环和电位阶跃两种处理.结果表明,将还原电位和氧化电位分别控制在-1.6和-0.7V时,利用共焦显微拉曼系统成功地得到了粗糙锌电极表面吸附吡啶的SERS信号.     

自组装纳米金膜上铂微/纳结构电催化剂的制备及性能

基于纳米金(AuNP)表面基团的静电自组装作用制备了多层有序的纳米金超薄膜. 研究了自组装纳米金超薄膜上铂微/纳结构催化剂(Pt/AuNP)的制备过程. 考察了沉积电位和沉积时间对甲酸电氧化活性的影响, 确定了最佳沉积电位为0 V, 最佳沉积时间为600 s. 同时对比考察了Pt/AuNP/PE/GCE, AuNP/PE/GCE和纯Pt电极在0.1 mol/L H2SO4介质中对甲酸电氧化活性以及载体对沉积物形态和甲酸氧化活性的影响. 研究结果表明, 纳米金组装体对铂的电沉积有明显的促进作用; Pt/AuNP/PE/GCE对甲酸的电氧化有很好的电催化性能.     

Argon matrix isolation study of the thermal and photochemical reaction of OVCl3 with (CH3)2CO

The matrix isolation technique has been combined with infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations to identify and characterize the initial and secondary products in the thermal and photochemical reactions of OVCl₃ with (CH₃)₂CO. Initial deposition into argon matrices at 14 K led to the formation, in high yield, of the 1:1 molecular complex. This species appears to be strongly bound, leading to large shifts to certain vibrational modes of both the acid and base subunits. Bands due to the complex were destroyed by near-UV irradiation (λ>300 nm), and led to the formation of intense product bands. In contrast to previous studies, HCl elimination from an initial complex was not observed. Many possible products were considered, including isomerization, decomposition, addition, and addition followed by fragmentation pathways. The products were identified by the use of isotopic labeling and comparison to theoretical calculations. The primary product was determined to be Cl₃V(CH₃)OC(O)CH₃, formed through rupture of a C–C bond in (CH₃)₂CO and addition of the two fragments to OVCl₃. Possible evidence for a second isomer, slightly higher in energy (Cl₃V(OCH₃)(C(O)CH₃)) was also found.     

Ag纳米粒子修饰光纤探针在等离激元催化反应中的应用

本文发展了一种基于Ag纳米粒子(AgNPs)修饰的局域表面等离激元共振(LSPR)光纤探针,作为等离激元催化反应基底同时原位检测表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)信号,实现反应与检测一体化。本文使用(3-氨基丙基)三甲氧基硅烷(APTMS)分子将AgNPs组装到光纤探针表面。通过调控自组装时间,可形成AgNPs均匀分布的探针。以对巯基苯胺(PATP)作为反应的模型分子,获得了较好的等离激元催化及信号检测效果。在相同光源条件下,从光纤内部激发收集所得产物的SERS信号强度为外部激发收集的12.8倍,表明内激发收集方式在反应及信号检测方面具有优势;在一定浓度范围(10~(-4)–10~(-8)mol·L~(-1))内可用该光纤探针对PATP溶液进行定量分析;运用该光纤探针开展了等离激元催化PATP分子偶联反应的原位动力学研究。该LSPR光纤探针具有较高灵敏度,对样品损伤小,可在多场合下实现原位检测,且制备简便、成本较低。还有望结合近场扫描光学显微技术进一步对样品表面进行微区等离激元催化反应及检测并得到反应的二维分布图。     

Ag nanoparticles prepared by laser photoreduction as substrates for in situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering analysis of dyes

In this work Ag nanoparticles (AgNP) with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity were prepared and immobilized by laser irradiation on a water/ solid interface where the aqueous phase contains the Ag+ cation and the solid surface is of hydrophilic nature (glass and cellulose). The so-prepared AgNP demonstrated a high SERS effectiveness in the detection of dispersed adsorbates such as the case of the anthraquinonic dye alizarin. The size and SERS effectiveness of AgNP increases with the irradiation time, the laser power, and the cation concentration. Laser-induced AgNP can be classified into two classes attending to the morphology: spherical and planar. The latter are formed after longer irradiation times, being more active regarding the SERS efficiency. Ag photoreduction can be employed for in situ detection of the dye alizarin, but when the dye is placed on a hydrophilic substrate. Even so, this in situ SERS technique could be attractive for analytical applications involving the in situ detection of the analyzed species, such as the case of dyes in artistical objects, textiles, foods, and surface analysis in general.     

脉冲电沉积抑制锂枝晶生成的研究

采用脉冲充电方法替代传统充电方法,研究了在有机电解液 0.5 mol·L^-1 LiBr/PC (碳酸丙烯酯)中,在铜电极上沉积锂的表面变化. 扫描电镜观测结果显示,在传统直流充电时电极表面明显地出现了枝晶,而使用脉冲充电时能够抑制枝晶的生长. 交流阻抗测试结果显示,在占空比为 0.5 时,沉积锂表面固体电解质界面(solid electrolyte interphase,SEI)膜电阻最大,沉积锂表面枝晶较少;单次脉冲电沉积时间过长,会使沉积锂表面 SEI 膜电阻减小,沉积锂表面枝晶增加;电流密度大于等于 2 mA·cm^-2时,脉冲电沉积可有效抑制枝晶生长.     

Electro-oxidation of o-aminophenol studied by cyclic voltammetry and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)

Cyclic voltammetry and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra were used over a wide pH range to examine the products of o-aminophenol oxidation on a roughened silver electrode. The results of the study indicated that at least two oxidation products are formed at the stationary potential of the electrode. The major product in alkaline and neutral media was identified as 2,2′-dihydroxyazobenzene, a linear dimer formed by N---N coupling of o-aminophenol cation radicals. In acidic solutions the cyclic dimer 3-aminophenoxazone formed by C---N coupling of o-aminophenol cation radicals dominates on the silver electrode.     

镍电极表面吸附的苯并咪唑电化学SERS研究

利用电化学循环伏安和极化曲线,考察了镍电极在不同浓度苯并咪唑（BMIH）-乙腈体系的缓蚀效果. 结果表明,随着缓蚀剂BIMH浓度的增加,其氧化电位正移,且氧化电流降低,腐蚀电位正移. 调制电位下测试镍电极表面BMIH吸附的现场表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）. 随电位正移,BIMH可在镍电极表面吸附成膜,与金属镍生成配合物,阻止镍电极的腐蚀. 并考察了不同浓度BIMH的成膜行为. 结果发现,0.001 mol·L^-1 BIMH即可在镍电极表面成膜,这表明非水乙腈体系的镍表面,BMIH有较佳的缓蚀效果.     

Surfactantless photochemical deposition of gold nanoparticles on an optical fiber core for surface-enhanced Raman scattering

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probes based on gold nanoparticles modifying the core of the optical fiber were made by a surfactantless photochemical deposition method. The growth kinetics and shape evolution of gold nanoparticles depending on different experimental conditions were studied. It was found that, under the condition of detectable gold nanoparticle deposition, increasing the concentration of chloroauric acid (HAuCl(4)) was not conducive to the deposition whereas increasing the concentration of sodium citrate (Na(3)Ct) would speed up the deposition. By controlling the concentration of the reaction solution and irradiation time, we obtained fused spherical-like, spherical, and flowerlike gold nanoparticles. To test the SERS activity of the probes, the SERS spectra of a rhodamine 6G aqueous solution were recorded in direct detection mode and remote mode. We have also developed a new approach to improving the SERS sensitivity when detecting in remote mode.     

FTIR studies on the gas phase laser-induced decomposition of CF3CH2ONO

The unimolecular decomposition of CF₃CH₂O (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) radical generated from 355 nm pulsed nanosecond laser photolysis of CF₃CH₂ONO (2,2,2-trifluoroethylnitrite) in the gas phase has been studied using Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy. The radical preferentially dissociates via its C–H bond cleavage to yield CF₃CHO (trifluoroacetaldehyde) as the major product. The infrared spectrum of formaldehyde, one of the products of C–C bond dissociation of CF₃CH₂O was not observed under a range of nitrite and argon buffer gas pressures. Similar results were obtained when thermal heating and broadband xenon lamp irradiation of the nitrite were carried out. The addition of high pressures of NO further decreased the production of CF₃CHO since recombination of NO with the trifluoroethoxy radical competes with the unimolecular dissociation process. Surprisingly, CF₃CDO was also the only product observed when the deuterated species CF₃CD₂ONO was photolysed by the 355 nm laser. These observations contradicted MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations which were found to favour the C–C bond dissociation channel. However, 355 nm photolysis of CF₃CH₂ONO in the presence of O₂ yielded trifluoroethylnitrate, CF₃CH₂ONO₂ as the main product while CF₃CHO and CF₂O were also observable at much lower yields.     

Suppression of Delayed-type Hypersensitivity and Hemolysis Induced by Previously Photooxidized Psoralen: Effect of Fluence Rate and Psoralen Concentration

Abstract— The kinetics of the formation of biologically active psoralen photooxidation (POP) products were analyzed by the biological effects produced. Effects of the UV light fluence rate and psoralen concentration during the preir-radiation were investigated to assess the yield of POP products, which were active in vivo (inducing suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity [DTH] reaction to sheep red blood cells) and in vitro (altering the human erythrocyte membrane permeability). It was shown that the reciprocity law of the irradiation fluence rate and time was not valid in the case of POP-induced hemolysis and DTH suppression. Immunosuppressive POP products were more efficiently formed at low fluence rate (20.8 W/m²), whereas POP hemolysins were more efficiently produced at a high fluence rate (180 W/m²) of UV light. The yield of immunosuppressive POP products was enhanced in dilute psoralen solutions, while the POP hemolysins yield increased with increasing psoralen concentration. A kinetic scheme for psoralen photoproduct formation was proposed. Kinetic analysis showed that a labile intermediate was produced as the result of excitation of psoralen. This intermediate was either converted to a stable immunosuppressive POP product, or two intermediates combined to form a POP hemolysin. It is proposed that PUVA therapy conditions are more favorable for the formation of immunosuppressive rather than membrane-damaging psoralen photooxidation products.     

Electrodeposition of dendritic gold/silver nanaoparticles on disposable screen‐printed carbon electrode and its application of 4‐mercaptopyridine in in situ electrochemical surface‐enhanced Raman scattering

Column electrodes pretreated through oxidation–reduction cycles were traditionally used in electrochemical surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In this study, a disposable screen‐printed carbon electrode was introduced into in situ electrochemical SERS through the electrodeposition of dendritic gold/silver nanoparticles (Au/AgNPs) onto the surface of the carbon working electrode to induce the SERS enhancement effect on the electrode. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that dendritic Au/AgNPs nanostructures could be fabricated under appropriate electrodeposition conditions and could present a minimum SERS factor of 4.25 × 10⁵. Furthermore, the absorbed behavior of 4‐mercaptopyridine was investigated under different potentials. The adsorption configuration was inferred to transform from ‘vertical’ to ‘lying‐flat’. The proposed new electrode combined with a portable Raman spectrometer could be useful in the identifying products or intermediates during electrochemical synthesis or electrochemical catalysis in in situ electrochemical SERS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.