Asymptotic bounded consensus tracking of double-integrator multi-agent systems with bounded-jerk target based on sampled-data without velocity measurements

This paper investigates asymptotic bounded consensus tracking(ABCT) of double-integrator multi-agent systems(MASs) with an asymptotically-unbounded-acceleration and bounded-jerk target(AUABJT) available to partial agents based on sampled-data without velocity measurements. A sampled-data consensus tracking protocol(CTP) without velocity measurements is proposed to guarantee that double-integrator MASs track an AUABJT available to only partial agents.The eigenvalue analysis method together with the augmented matrix method is used to obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for ABCT. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.     

Tracking Consensus for Second-Order Multi-Agent Systems with Nonlinear Dynamics in Noisy Environments

This paper investigates the leader-following tracking consensus problem for second-order multi-agent systems with time delays and nonlinear dynamics in noisy environments on the conditions of fixed and switching directed topologies. Based on a novel velocity decomposition technique and stochastic analysis, a measurement-based distributed tracking control protocol is proposed, under which all agents can track the leader in mean square. Simulation results are also given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocol.     

Fault-tolerant finite-time dynamical consensus of double-integrator multi-agent systems with partial agents subject to synchronous self-sensing function failure

This paper investigates fault-tolerant finite-time dynamical consensus problems of double-integrator multi-agent systems (MASs) with partial agents subject to synchronous self-sensing function failure (SSFF). A strategy of recovering the connectivity of network topology among normal agents based on multi-hop communication and a fault-tolerant finite-time dynamical consensus protocol with time-varying gains are proposed to resist synchronous SSFF. It is proved that double-integrator MASs with partial agents subject to synchronous SSFF using the proposed strategy of network topology connectivity recovery and fault-tolerant finite-time dynamical consensus protocol with the proper time-varying gains can achieve finite-time dynamical consensus. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.     

Analog Integrated Circuit for Motion Detection with Simple-Shape Recognition Based on Frog Vision System

We proposed in this research a novel two-dimensional network based on the frog visual system, with a motion detection function and a newly developed simple-shape recognition function, for use in object discrimination by integrated circuits. Specifically, the network mimics the signal processing of the small-field cell in a frog brain, consisting of the tectum and thalamus, which generates signals of the motion and simple shape of an object. The proposed network is constructed from simple analog complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits; a test chip of the proposed network was fabricated with a 1.2 μm CMOS process. Measurements on the chip clarified that the proposed network can generate signals of the moving direction, velocity, and simple shape, as well as perform information processing of the small-field cell. Results with the simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) showed that the analog circuits used in the network have low power consumption. Applications of the proposed network are expected to realize advanced vision chips with functions such as object discrimination and target tracking.     

Optimal UAV Formation Tracking Control with Dynamic Leading Velocity and Network-Induced Delays

With the rapid development of UAV technology, the research of optimal UAV formation tracking has been extensively studied. However, the high maneuverability and dynamic network topology of UAVs make formation tracking control much more difficult. In this paper, considering the highly dynamic features of uncertain time-varying leader velocity and network-induced delays, the optimal formation control algorithms for both near-equilibrium and general dynamic control cases are developed. First, the discrete-time error dynamics of UAV leader–follower models are analyzed. Next, a linear quadratic optimization problem is formulated with the objective of minimizing the errors between the desired and actual states consisting of velocity and position information of the follower. The optimal formation tracking problem of near-equilibrium cases is addressed by using a backward recursion method, and then the results are further extended to the general dynamic case where the leader moves at an uncertain time-varying velocity. Additionally, angle deviations are investigated, and it is proved that the similar state dynamics to the general case can be derived and the principle of control strategy design can be maintained. By using actual real-world data, numerical experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimal UAV formation-tracking algorithm in both near-equilibrium and dynamic control cases in the presence of network-induced delays.     

Tracking consensus for nonlinear heterogeneous multi-agent systems subject to unknown disturbances via sliding mode control

We investigate the tracking control for a class of nonlinear heterogeneous leader-follower multi-agent systems(MAS)with unknown external disturbances. Firstly, the neighbor-based distributed finite-time observers are proposed for the followers to estimate the position and velocity of the leader. Then, two novel distributed adaptive control laws are designed by means of linear sliding mode(LSM) as well as nonsingular terminal sliding mode(NTSM), respectively. One can prove that the tracking consensus can be achieved asymptotically under LSM and the tracking error can converge to a quite small neighborhood of the origin in finite time by NTSM in spite of uncertainties and disturbances. Finally, a simulation example is given to verify the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.     

Coordinated Control of Multi-Agent Systems with a Varying-Velocity Leader and Input Saturation

In this paper, we investigate a leader-following tracking problem for multi-agent systems with bounded inputs. We propose a distributed bounded protocol for each follower to track a leader whose states may not be completely measured. We theoretically prove that each agent can follow the leader with estimable track errors. Finally, some numerical simulations are presented to illustrate our theoretical results.     

Distributed event-triggered consensus tracking of second-order multi-agent systems with a virtual leader

This paper investigates the consensus tracking problems of second-order multi-agent systems with a virtual leader via event-triggered control. A novel distributed event-triggered transmission scheme is proposed, which is intermittently examined at constant sampling instants. Only partial neighbor information and local measurements are required for event detection. Then the corresponding event-triggered consensus tracking protocol is presented to guarantee second-order multi-agent systems to achieve consensus tracking. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.     

复杂背景灰度图像下的多特征融合运动目标跟踪

为解决低对比度、低信噪比、目标旋转、缩放等非理想状态给跟踪算法的研究带来的诸多困难,本文提出灰度图像多特征融合目标跟踪算法,保证在满足工程实践需要的条件下,能够对目标进行稳定的跟踪。算法首先对灰度图像利用Sobel算子求出梯度特征,将X、Y双方向的梯度特征与灰度特征相融合得到新特征,新特征在核密度函数下对低对比度,目标轮廓形状变化较大的情况有较高的适应性和稳定性,再利用背景建模的方法对提取的运动目标区域进行加权,降低非跟踪目标的权值,最后对融合后的加权特征目标利用改进MeanShift算法进行跟踪。通过大量的实验表明,该算法适应目标和背景的复杂变化,并且具有较强的鲁棒性,基本满足在复杂背景灰度图像下目标跟踪的工程实际需求。     

基于双传声器对的多声源二维定位跟踪算法

提出一种房间混响声场环境下的多声源二维定位跟踪算法。研究了基于盲源分离的时延估计,以及联合空间分布的多个传声器对的定位算法。用高斯似然函数解决在多源、多维情况下声源定位的时延匹对模糊问题,使之能够用双传声器对实现对多个声源的二维定位,结合粒子滤波算法实现对多个运动声源的跟踪。仿真实验验证了提出算法的有效性。      

Stabilization of an axially moving web via regulation of axial velocity

In this paper, a novel control algorithm for suppression of the transverse vibration of an axially moving web system is presented. The principle of the proposed control algorithm is the regulation of the axial transport velocity of an axially moving beam so as to track a profile according to which the vibration energy decays most quickly. The optimal control problem that generates the proposed profile of the axial transport velocity is solved by the conjugate gradient method. The Galerkin method is applied in order to reduce the partial differential equation describing the dynamics of the axially moving beam into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). For control design purposes, these ODEs are rewritten into state-space equations. The vibration energy of the axially moving beam is represented by the quadratic form of the state variables. In the optimal control problem, the cost function modified from the vibration energy function is subjected to the constraints on the state variables, and the axial transport velocity is considered as a control input. Numerical simulations are performed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.     

采用栅格特征及可视化技术感知跟踪中目标的遮挡状态

针对监控视频中运动目标跟踪问题,提出了一种栅格划分的梯度朝向直方图特征对目标进行描述,并通过可视化技术来实时观测目标局部区域特征量的变化,通过变化来感知目标在运动中可能发生的遮挡等异常情况.利用感知到的状态自适应调整参加融合计算的子模板的个数,指导跟踪过程,以防止异常情况对跟踪结果的影响,实现了对视频目标准确、稳健的跟踪.实验结果表明,提出的目标局部特征能够较准确地感知目标及周围环境发生的变化,对于提高跟踪算法的鲁棒性和准确性具有积极的作用.     

Probability analysis of position errors using uncooled IR stereo camera

This paper analyzes the random phenomenon of 3D positions when tracking moving objects using the infrared (IR) stereo camera, and proposes a probability model of 3D positions. The proposed probability model integrates two random error phenomena. One is the pixel quantization error which is caused by discrete sampling pixels in estimating disparity values of stereo camera. The other is the timing jitter which results from the irregular acquisition-timing in the uncooled IR cameras. This paper derives a probability distribution function by combining jitter model with pixel quantization error. To verify the proposed probability function of 3D positions, the experiments on tracking fast moving objects are performed using IR stereo camera system. The 3D depths of moving object are estimated by stereo matching, and be compared with the ground truth obtained by laser scanner system. According to the experiments, the 3D depths of moving object are estimated within the statistically reliable range which is well derived by the proposed probability distribution. It is expected that the proposed probability model of 3D positions can be applied to various IR stereo camera systems that deal with fast moving objects.     

考虑运动受限的履带式移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制

针对履带式移动机器人的轨迹跟踪控制问题进行研究,首先,建立了履带式移动机器人的运动学模型和跟踪误差模型；其次,设计了转速有限时间控制和线速度滑模控制的轨迹跟踪控制律,并给出了考虑运动受限作用下的控制律修正表达式；最后,基于MATLAB对所提控制律进行仿真,对比分析了不考虑运动受限情况下跟踪控制效果;结果表明,设计的跟踪控制律能够实现履带式移动机器人对圆轨迹的有效跟踪,且考虑运动受限作用的控制律更加符合实际;文章研究分析了运动受限作用对于移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制的影响,分析结果对其他移动机器人的运动控制研究具有参考价值。     

Flocking of Multi-agent Systems Following Virtual Leader with Time-Varying Velocity

We consider the collective dynamics for a multi-agent system with a virtual leader. The velocity of the leader is time-varying and the interconnection topology of position network is switching based on the distances between agents. To track the leader in flocking, a neighbour-based local piecewise smooth controller is proposed for each agent. Using the control method, all agent velocities asymptotically approach the desired velocity while collisions can be avoided between agents. Some simulation results are provided to demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Rigidity based formation tracking for multi-agent networks

This paper considers the formation tracking problem under a rigidity framework, where the target formation is specified as a minimally and infinitesimally rigid formation and the desired velocity of the group is available to only a subset of the agents. The following two cases are considered: the desired velocity is constant, and the desired velocity is timevarying. In the first case, a distributed linear estimator is constructed for each agent to estimate the desired velocity. The velocity estimation and a formation acquisition term are employed to design the control inputs for the agents, where the rigidity matrix plays a central role. In the second case, a distributed non-smooth estimator is constructed to estimate the time-varying velocity, which is shown to converge in a finite time. Theoretical analysis shows that the formation tracking problem can be solved under the proposed control algorithms and estimators. Simulation results are also provided to show the validity of the derived results.     

方位和径向速度联合的浅海目标运动分析方法

提出了一种利用目标方位和径向速度联合的浅海目标运动分析方法。该方法克服了传统纯方位目标运动分析方法要求观测站机动的局限性。将浅海传播条件下径向速度的宽带和窄带估计结果与目标方位相结合,利用卡尔曼滤波原理得到了一种目标跟踪定位方法。仿真结果表明,在观测站非机动和低信噪比情况下,该方法利用单个观测站即能够对宽带或窄带的运动目标进行准确地跟踪定位。利用1996年5月的实验数据对算法性能进行了验证,估计结果与真实目标距离符合较好,距离跟踪误差在10%以内。      

利用受激布里渊散射实现在轨运动目标激光跟踪瞄准研究

利用受激布里渊散射相位共轭技术,补偿激光大气传输过程中由于大气湍流等因素所造成的激光波前畸变,并且引入速度补偿镜方法,对模拟运动目标进行激光跟踪瞄准。利用高斯光束的无限腔长相位共轭腔理论分析了这种跟瞄方法的可行性。在室外1．27km距离,进行了在轨运动目标跟踪瞄准的原理性实验研究,实验结果表明,利用受激布里渊散射相位共轭技术和速度补偿镜方法,可以实现对在轨运动目标的跟踪瞄准,并且通过此方法,可以把激光能量能较好地集中于目标上一个很小的区域内。到达目标的最大共轭光能量为24．0mJ。     

基于CamShift和Kalman组合的改进目标跟踪算法

针对应用CamShift算法进行目标跟踪过程中,当目标被严重遮挡、目标被与目标颜色相近的背景干扰时易丢失跟踪目标的问题,提出了一种基于CamShift和Kalman滤波组合的改进跟踪算法;为克服目标因严重遮挡而丢失的缺陷,利用自适应算法改进了传统的CamShift算法,扩大了搜索窗口,使运动目标位于搜索窗口内;为解决目标因颜色相近背景干扰而丢失的问题,改善跟踪准确率,利用卡尔曼滤波预测目标运动空间位置,作为下一帧搜索窗口的质心坐标;基于上述改进,利用C++语言,研发了改进的CamShift目标跟踪软件模块,给出了该模块的算法流程;实验结果表明,改进后的目标跟踪算法能有效地克服传统CamShift算法的缺陷,大大提高运动目标跟踪的准确性;所提的算法可以应用于运动小车跟踪,人脸识别等领域。     

致密油藏微纳米喉道中的边界层特征

通过引入吸引力修正耗散粒子动力学（DPD）方法,实现流体和固体的相互吸引作用,模拟纳米喉道中的微尺度流动,探讨边界层的产生机理,结合微圆管实验,定量表征微纳米喉道中边界层的特征,明确微纳米喉道中边界层的影响因素.研究发现：分子尺度,热运动对速度影响很大;超过分子尺度,压差占主导作用.热运动使粒子在原位置振动,不改变粒子的整体移动方向.随着喉道半径的增大,泊肃叶流动的抛物线特征越来越明显.边界层厚度受压力梯度、喉道半径和流体粘度的影响.当压力梯度增大或流体粘度减小时,边界层厚度增大;当喉道半径减小时,边界层厚度先增大后减小.边界层厚度是导致非线性渗流特征的根本原因.随着边界层厚度增大,非线性渗流特征越来越明显.