Superpixel-Based Complex Field Modulation Using a Digital Micromirror Device for Focusing Light through Scattering Media

We present a digital micromirror device(DMD) based superpixel method for focusing light through scattering media by modulating the complex field of incident light. Firstly, we numerically and experimentally investigate focusing light through a scattering sample using the superpixel methods with different target complex fields.Then, single-point and multiple-point focusing experiments are performed using this superpixel-based complex modulation method. In our experiment, up to 71.5% relative enhancement is realized. The use of the DMDbased superpixel method for the control of the complex field of incident light opens an avenue to improve the enhancement of focusing light through scattering media.     

Wide-field imaging through scattering media by scattered light fluorescence microscopy

To obtain images through scattering media, scattered light fluorescence (SLF) microscopy that utilizes the optical memory effect has been developed. However, the small field of view (FOV) of SLF microscopy limits its application. In this paper, we have introduced a re-modulation method to achieve wide-field imaging through scattering media by SLF microscopy. In the re-modulation method, to raster scan the focus across the object plane, the incident wavefront is re-modulated via a spatial light modulator (SLM) in the updated phase compensation calculated using the optimized iterative algorithm. Compared with the conventional optical memory effect method, the re-modulation method can greatly increase the FOV of a SLF microscope. With the phase compensation theoretically calculated, the process of updating the phase compensation of a high speed SLM is fast. The re-modulation method does not increase the imaging time. The re-modulation method is, therefore, expected to make SLF microscopy have much wider applications in biology, medicine and physiology.     

Controlling single-photon Fock-state propagation through opaque scattering media

The control of light scattering is essential in many quantum optical experiments. Wavefront shaping is a technique used for ultimate control over wave propagation through multiple-scattering media by adaptive manipulation of incident waves. We control the propagation of single-photon Fock states through opaque scattering media by spatial phase modulation of the incident wavefront. We enhance the probability that a single photon arrives in a target output mode with a factor 30. Our proof-of-principle experiment shows that the propagation of quantum light through multiple-scattering media can be controlled, with prospective applications in quantum communication and quantum cryptography.     

Wavefront Shaping for Fast Focusing Light through Scattering Media Based on Parallel Wavefront Optimization and Superpixel Method

When light travels in biological tissues,it undergoes multiple scattering and forms speckles,which seriousl.y restricts the penetration depth of optical imaging in biological tissues.With wavefront shaping method,by modulating the wavefront of incident light to compensate for the wavefront aberration,light focusing and scanning imaging through scattering media can be achieved.However,wavefront shaping must be accomplished within the speckle decorrelation time.Considering the short speckle decorr...     

Scattering Analysis of Dielectric Periodic Structures by an Oblique Incidence

The scattering of dielectric periodic structures by a plane wave incident in the direction oblique to the periodic grooves is analyzed by a method which combines the multimode network theory with the rigorous mode matching method. Combining the TE and TM characteristic mode functions determined in the corresponding 2-D scattering problem resulting from a TE or TM wave incident along the principal-plane of the same structure, and using a simple mathematical transformation, the 3-D scattering problem by an oblique incidence is rigorously solved.     

磁化铁氧体覆盖二维导体目标FDTD分析的移位算子方法

采用移位算子方法把时域有限差分法推广应用于二维磁各向异性色散介质—磁化铁氧体中.证明了电磁波横向入射二维轴向磁化铁氧体目标情形下,电磁波可按目标的轴向分解为横电波(TE波)和横磁波(TM波),且TE波的散射特性与铁氧体介质无关,而TM波的散射特性与介质电磁参量密切相关,同时对其物理原因进行了分析.通过采用移位算子方法处理磁化铁氧体频域本构关系,得到该情形下目标电磁散射的移位算子时域有限差的迭代计算公式,同时解决了电磁波在各向异性和频率色散介质中传播的问题.计算了轴向磁化铁氧体涂敷VonKarman型导体柱的TM波双站雷达散射截面,分析了铁氧体参量对目标双站雷达散射截面的影响.结果表明:恰当地选择铁氧体参量能有效地减少目标的雷达散射截面,本文时谐因子取exp〔jωt〕.     

四元裂解位相调制实现相干光通过散射介质聚焦

光在不均匀介质中传播会受到散射的干扰,在这些散射材料中,例如粉末、生物组织、亚波长颗粒对入射光多次散射使得出射光无法聚焦,从而在接收平面形成散斑.本文提出四元裂解位相调制方法对入射相干光场进行调制,使其通过散射介质聚焦.此方法利用入射光场全场调制,充分考虑光场单元之间的干涉作用,从整个空间光调制器的调制面开始,逐层进行四元裂解及位相优化.运用此方法在实验中实现了相干光的前向散射和后向散射有效聚焦,这为生物医学领域中通过散射介质成像提供了新的思路和方法.     

用于实现散射介质中时间反演的数字相位共轭的相干性

抑制散射介质对光的散射,调控光在散射介质中的传输,是光通信、生物光子学、光镊等领域的重要课题.设计并实现了基于宽谱光源和数字相位共轭的可调控光在散射介质中传输的时间反演实验系统.实验获取了不同相干长度下物光和参考光束之间的光程差与干涉图样、相位图及时间反演信号之间的关系,分析了光源相干性对调控光在散射介质中传输的影响.实验结果表明,基于宽谱光源的相干特性和数字相位共轭技术,通过调节光程差能选择性获取同一散射角度及相同传输路径的光束的相对相位,再利用空间光调制器对参考光束进行调控,实现光束的反向传播,从而选择性实现对同一散射角度及相同传输路径的光的时间反演.     

Influence of single scattering and multiple scattering on backscattered Mueller matrix in turbid media

Monte Carlo algorithm and Stokes-Mueller formalism are used to simulate the propagation behavior of polarized light in turbid media. The influence of single scattering and multiple scattering on backscattered Mueller matrix in turbid media is discussed. Single and double scattering photons form the major part of backscattered polarization patterns, while multiple scattering photons present more likely as background. Further quantitative analyses show that single scattering approximation and double scattering approximation are quite accurate when discussing the polarization patterns near the incident point.     

高斯波束在双负媒质中的传播特性分析

 提出了一种基于Drude色散媒质模型的2维TM模时域有限差分法,数值模拟了高斯波束从自由空间垂直入射和斜入射到双负媒质(介电常数和磁导率同时为负)平板后的折射现象,并给出了平板内外的电场强度分布。模拟结果显示：垂直入射时,双负媒质平板对高斯波束具有汇聚作用,通过改变媒质的折射率,可以控制高斯波束通过组合平板的传播时间而不发生衰减;斜入射时,折射波束与入射波束均位于法线的同一侧,高斯波束在双负媒质与空气交界面处发生了负折射。     

高斯波束在双负媒质中的传播特性分析

提出了一种基于Drude色散媒质模型的2维TM模时域有限差分法,数值模拟了高斯波束从自由空间垂直入射和斜入射到双负媒质(介电常数和磁导率同时为负)平板后的折射现象,并给出了平板内外的电场强度分布。模拟结果显示：垂直入射时,双负媒质平板对高斯波束具有汇聚作用,通过改变媒质的折射率,可以控制高斯波束通过组合平板的传播时间而不发生衰减;斜入射时,折射波束与入射波束均位于法线的同一侧,高斯波束在双负媒质与空气交界面处发生了负折射。     

Longitudinal intensity distribution near the focus produced by light through scattering media

Speckle pattern is formed when coherent light passes through scattering media. It has been demonstrated that after appropriately optimizing the phase of the incident light, a bright focal spot in the target point can be obtained for the case that the light passes through the scattering medium. However, until now the focused intensity distribution near the focus seems unclear. In this paper we experimentally investigate some factors influencing the longitudinal intensity distribution near the focus in details. It is shown that the desired longitudinal focused intensity distribution can be obtained by optimizing the incident light. The results may have potential applications in particle manipulation and laser processing, etc.     

Control of light transmission through opaque scattering media in space and time

We report the first experimental demonstration of combined spatial and temporal control of light transmission through opaque media. This control is achieved by solely manipulating spatial degrees of freedom of the incident wave front. As an application, we demonstrate that the present approach is capable of forming bandwidth-limited ultrashort pulses from the otherwise randomly transmitted light with a controllable interaction time of the pulses with the medium. Our approach provides a new tool for fundamental studies of light propagation in complex media and has the potential for applications for coherent control, sensing and imaging in nano- and biophotonics.     

A Monte Carlo approach for the calculation of polarized light: application to an incident narrow beam

Monte Carlo approaches to compute multiple scattering of polarized light are examined. A Backward Monte Carlo (BMC) method is developed to solve the Stokes vector of the multiple scattered light for an inhomogeneous scattering medium with boundaries. A generalized form of the BMC method in vector notation is proposed. This method can determine the scattered light with sufficient accuracy in both intensity and polarization compared to the same calculation using the doubling-adding method for a plane parallel medium.For application to a narrow incident beam and an inhomogeneous medium, a modified BMC method is developed, borrowing a concept from the Forward Monte Carlo (FMC) method for the first scattering events. Furthermore, a modification of the total scattering matrix, i.e., the combination of the derived scattering matrix with its time inverse, is discussed. This BMC method can be used successfully for model calculations of lidar and other laser measurements of polarized light.     

Analysis of light propagation in highly scattering media by path-length-assigned Monte Carlo simulations

Numerical analysis of optical propagation in highly scattering media is investigated when light is normally incident to the surface and re-emerges backward from the same point. This situation corresponds to practical light scattering setups, such as in optical coherence tomography. The simulation uses the path-length-assigned Monte Carlo method based on an ellipsoidal algorithm. The spatial distribution of the scattered light is determined and the dependence of its width and penetration depth on the path-length is found. The backscattered light is classified into three types, in which ballistic, snake, and diffuse photons are dominant.     

Polarization properties of light multiply scattered by non-spherical Rayleigh particles

Multiple scattering of incoherent polarized light propagating through a random medium comprised of spheroidal Rayleigh particles is studied using Monte Carlo simulations. Two approaches are taken for the implementation of the simulation: the first uses individual realizations of particle orientation and the second, an accelerated method, averages over the particle orientation. These different methods produce results that are indistinguishable within statistical errors. The depolarization of light is examined in both transmission and backscatter for media comprised of spheroids of different polarizability ratios. In media containing spheroidal particles the depolarization is greater than that for spherical particles. Media containing prolate spheroids are more depolarizing than media comprising oblate particles of the same polarizability ratio. The extra depolarization due to asphericity is much less pronounced in the multiple scattering regime than for single scattering.     

Light scattering by Gaussian particles with internal inclusions and roughened surfaces using ray optics

We study light scattering by Gaussian-random-sphere particles that are large compared to the wavelength of the incident light using ray optics that, in addition to Fresnellian reflection and refraction, accounts for diffuse scattering. We consider two types of diffusely scattering media. One type of media constitutes a uniform medium inside the particle, i.e. a diffuse internal medium. The second type of media constitutes a layer on the surface of the particle that is thin compared to the particle dimensions and acts as a diffuse external medium mimicking the particle surface roughness. We illustrate the effects of the diffuse media on the scattering characteristics for both cases and show that incorporating diffuse scatterers allows us to explain the scattering matrices measured experimentally for Saharan sand particles large compared to the wavelength.     

An Efficient Algorithm for Truncating Spatial Domain in Modeling Light Scattering by Finite-Difference Technique

The finite-difference time domain technique is one of the most robust and accurate numerical methods for the solution of light scattering by small particles with arbitrary composition and geometry. In practice, this method requires that the spatial domain for the computation of near-field be truncated. An absorbing boundary condition must be imposed in conjunction with this truncation. The performance of this boundary condition is essential to the stability of numerical computations and the reliability of results. In the present study, a new boundary condition, referred to as the mixed T algorithm, has been developed, which is a generalization of the transmitting boundary condition originally developed by Liao and co-workers. The present algorithm does not require spatial interpolation for wave values at interior grid points. In addition, it produces two minima of spurious reflections at small and large incident angles, allowing efficient absorption of the scattered waves at the boundary for large incident angles. When the third-order mixed T algorithm is used, the reflection coefficient of the boundary is less than 1% for incident angles from 0° to about 70°. We find that the numerical instability associated with the transmitting boundary condition is caused by the location-dependent amplitude of outgoing waves in the vicinity of the boundary. For this reason, the mixed T algorithm is stabilized by consistently introducing diffusive coefficients into the boundary equation. When the stabilized algorithm is applied, the near-field within the truncated domain can be computed by using single-precision arithmetic without overflows for more than 10⁵steps in the time-marching iteration. Finally, the new absorbing boundary condition is validated by carrying out numerical experiments involving the propagation of a TM wave excited by a sinusoidal point source, simultaneous simulation of the wave propagation in small and large domains, and the scattering of a TM wave by an infinite circular cylinder.     

α-LiIO3单晶中离子输运引起的高强度准弹性光散射

激光束通过加c向直流电压的α-LiIO₃单晶时,发生三种准弹性散射:散射光电位移矢量有特定取向且与入射光电位移矢量方向不一致者,散射光电位移矢量与入射光电位移矢量方向相同而散射带垂直c轴者以及散射光电位移矢量与入射光电位移矢量方向相同而散射带对c轴倾斜者,本文详细研究了这三种散射的空间频谱、精细结构、结构敏感性、弛豫规律以及光散射和晶体内电流密度与局部电场的关系,发现光散射发生于晶体内电流密度较大的区域,本文对三种散射的起因给予了说明:离子导体在直流电压作用下空间电荷的分布和运动引起 关键词：     

Polarization properties of light multiply scattered by non-spherical Rayleigh particles

Abstract

Multiple scattering of incoherent polarized light propagating through a random medium comprised of spheroidal Rayleigh particles is studied using Monte Carlo simulations. Two approaches are taken for the implementation of the simulation: the first uses individual realizations of particle orientation and the second, an accelerated method, averages over the particle orientation. These different methods produce results that are indistinguishable within statistical errors. The depolarization of light is examined in both transmission and backscatter for media comprised of spheroids of different polarizability ratios. In media containing spheroidal particles the depolarization is greater than that for spherical particles. Media containing prolate spheroids are more depolarizing than media comprising oblate particles of the same polarizability ratio. The extra depolarization due to asphericity is much less pronounced in the multiple scattering regime than for single scattering.