沉积钴镀层的粘接式氢氧化镍电极电化学性能研究

研究了在碱性可充电电池正极活性物质－球型氢氧化镍粒子表面化学镀钴后氢氧化镍电极的性能。通过比较充放电曲线和循环伏安试验结果,讨论了电极的放电容量、活性物质利用率和Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２／ＭｉＯＯＨ氧化还原可逆性。实验还发现镀钴后的氢氧化镍电极有更好的充放电性能和优良的电极特性。测定了化学镀钴前后氢氧化镍电极的交流阻抗,表明镀钴后氢氧化镍的基体之间的有较低接触电阻。此外,本文还对钴镀层改进氢氧化镍性能的机理     

Co(OH)_2和Ni粉对氢氧化镍电极性能的影响

采用三角波电位扫描、X射线衍射及恒流充放电曲线法研究了在氢氧化镍电极中添加Co( OH) 2 和 Ni粉后对电极性能的影响 .结果表明 ,氢氧化镍电极中加入质量分数为 8% Co( OH) 2和 13% Ni粉时 ,电极的放电容量最高 ,电极在充放电循环过程中的膨胀最小 .     

水热对纳米氢氧化镍电化学性能的影响

本文采用微乳法制备纳米氢氧化镍,采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、恒流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗等方法研究纳米氢氧化镍的微观结构、表面形貌和电化学性能。实验结果表明：140℃水热和微乳/水热两种方式处理得到的纳米氢氧化镍具有不同形貌特征。水热和微乳/水热处理虽然不影响纳米氢氧化镍的活化性能,但对纳米氢氧化镍的放电比容量影响很大,采用140℃水热和微乳/水热处理比单纯的微乳法制备得到的纳米氢氧化镍的放电比容量分别提高了62.6 mAh/g和112.8 mAh/g。而且,处理后的纳米氢氧化镍的循环伏安峰电流增大、电荷转移电阻由2.633 Ω分别降至2.464 Ω和1.679 Ω。     

复合包覆Co(OH)_x+Yb(OH)_3的Ni(OH)_2正极材料的高温性能研究

化学共沉淀法合成氢氧化镍,并在表面用"梯度共晶法"复合包覆Co(OH)x+Yb(OH)3。XRD,XPS,SEM表征结果表明:制备的样品为六方球形β-N i(OH)2,表面包覆了Co(OH)x+Yb(OH)3,Co的存在形式应该主要为Co2+及少量的Co3+。65℃下0.2C,1C和3C恒电流充放电时,复合包覆Co(OH)x+2%Yb(OH)3的氢氧化镍的放电比容量和放电效率最大。大倍率充放电和循环稳定性等性能也得到改善。     

氢氧化镍纳米线/三维石墨烯复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

采用水热法制备了氢氧化镍纳米线/三维石墨烯复合材料及作为比较的三维石墨烯、氢氧化镍纳米线、还原氧化石墨烯和氢氧化镍纳米线/还原氧化石墨烯, 通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、热失重分析和氮气吸脱附表征了材料的形貌、结构和组成, 并采用循环伏安法和恒电流充放电测试了复合材料的电化学性能. 结果表明: 氢氧化镍纳米线/三维石墨烯复合材料中直径为20-30 nm的氢氧化镍纳米线和三维结构的石墨烯紧密结合, 相互交联形成网状结构, 其比表面积达到136 m²·g^-1, 孔径分布20-50 nm, 氢氧化镍纳米线的含量达到88% (w,质量分数). 在6 mol·L^-1的KOH电解液中, 复合材料的比电容在1 A·g^-1电流密度下达到1664 F·g^-1, 在1 A·g^-1电流密度下循环3000 次后的比电容保持率为93%. 将复合材料的比电容和循环性能与氢氧化镍纳米线、氢氧化镍纳米线/还原氧化石墨烯、三维石墨烯和还原氧化石墨烯的性能进行比较, 发现三维石墨烯较还原氧化石墨烯具有更高的比表面积和三维多孔结构, 可以更大地提高活性物质的利用率, 进而提高复合材料的比电容和稳定性.     

LiFePO4的制备、结构与电性能研究

应用高速球磨-高温固相反应法于不同煅烧温度(400~700℃)下合成L iFePO4锂离子电池正极材料,X-射线衍射、扫描电镜和恒电流充放电等测试表明,煅烧温度对合成的L iFePO4晶体结构、表观形貌以及电化学性能均有很大影响;经600℃煅烧得到的L iFePO4样品具有良好的充放电性能,以0.1C倍率充放电,首次放电比容量为128.8 mAh/g,第15次放电比容量为129.1 mAh/g,充放电效率在99.7%以上;其高温充放电性能亦佳.     

掺锰氢氧化镍的结构与电化学性能

采用化学共沉淀法制备了锰取代的氢氧化镍样品，应用XRD技术对不同锰含量样品的相结构进行了表征，并用恒电流充放电、电流脉冲弛豫法和电化学阻抗技术研究了样品的电化学行为. XRD结果显示：锰含量少于20％时，样品主要由β相组成；而当锰含量达到28.3%时，可以得到具有纯α相结构的样品. 电化学研究结果表明：掺锰的氢氧化镍样品具有优良的电化学循环稳定性；锰的掺杂提高了氢氧化镍电极的析氧电位，增大了样品的质子扩散系数； 具有较低锰含量的氢氧化镍样品显示了较大的放电容量和较高的放电电位.     

大电流加速蓄电池循环试验测试分析

为提高新建变电工程固定型阀控式铅酸蓄电池运行稳定性及寿命,本文采用大电流加速循环试验、拆解试验和阻燃试验分析蓄电池性能,结果表明:在50 ℃温度下,经过18次大电流充放电循环(耗时10 d),蓄电池容量由初始的701.93 A·h降为563.12 A·h,其容量持有率为80.22%,电池内部结构仍保持初步完整,且槽、盖阻燃能力强,说明高温大电流循环充放电试验能快速破坏内部细致构造以致使得容量下降。 该研究结果可作为一种新的快速评价分析铅酸蓄电池性能及寿命的试验测试方法。     

锌的添加方式对氢氧化镍结构和性能的影响

研究了以共沉淀、包覆、机械混合等不同方式添加或不添加锌对微乳液法合成的氢氧化镍结构和性质的影响。XRD、循环伏安和恒电流充放电测试结果表明：微乳液法的合成物仍是具有六方晶体结构的B-Ni(0H)2,但其晶粒度很小,且化学计量比不等于1／2,所以材料的活性和放电比容量下降;锌的添加增加了Ni(OH)2的晶体缺陷,改善了Ni(OH)2的结构,增加了电极中电子和质子的传递能力,从而提高了氢氧化镍电极的可逆性,强化了电极的析氧极化,其充电效率和放电比容量也随之提高;其中,以共沉淀方式添加锌,氢氧化镍电极的性能最好。     

Lu2O3对球形Ni(OH)2高温充放电性能的影响

为了改善镍电极的高温充电效率，采用机械混合的方式将球形Ni(OH)2与不同比例的Lu2O3混合后制成粘结式镍正极。充放电测试、循环伏安和XRD等实验结果表明，掺杂Lu2O3后镍电极的析氧过电位明显提高，高温充电效率得到了很大改善，在充电后的电极中β-NiOOH生成；而且Lu2O3的掺杂比例对镍电极的高温性能在不同的充放电倍率下有不同程度的影响，3．5％是最好的掺杂比例，掺杂对高温小电流充电效率的改善作用要大于高温大电流充电。     

Synthesis of hexagonal nickel hydroxide nanosheets by exfoliation of layered nickel hydroxide intercalated with dodecyl sulfate ions

One-nanometer-thick nickel hydroxide nanosheets were prepared by exfoliation of layered nickel hydroxides intercalated with dodecyl sulfate (DS) ions. The shape of the nanosheets was hexagonal, as was that of the layered nickel hydroxides intercalated with DS ions. The nickel hydroxide nanosheets exhibited charge-discharge properties in strong alkaline electrolyte. The morphology of the nanosheet changed during the electrochemical reaction.     

钴添加剂对发泡式镍电极的作用机理研究

分别以共沉淀和机械混合两种方式于发泡式镍电极引入钴添加剂.X射线衍射(XRD)、循环伏安、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和恒电流充放电等测试表明,共沉淀引入的钴添加剂会降低氢氧化镍各晶面衍射峰强度并增大其半峰宽.两种方式引入的钴添加剂均能改善镍电极的电化学活性、提高金属氢化物/镍电池容量,而且以机械混合引入的CoO更有效.但由CoO氧化生成的β-CoOOH在低电位下不稳定,经强制性过放电储存后,电池容量出现不可逆衰减.     

Controllable synthesis of zinc-substituted alpha- and beta-nickel hydroxide nanostructures and their collective intrinsic properties

A new controllable homogeneous precipitation approach has been developed to synthesize zinc-substituted nickel hydroxide nanostructures with different Zn contents from a zinc nanostructured reactant. As typical layered double hydroxides (LDHs), zinc-substituted nickel hydroxide nanostructures can be formulated as NiZnx(Cl)y(OH)2(1+x)-y.z H2O (x=0.34-0.89, y=0-0.24, z=0-1.36). The structure and morphology of zinc-substituted nickel hydroxide nanostructures can be systematically controlled by adjustment of the zinc content. The effects of temperature and the amounts of ammonia and zinc nanostructured precursor on the reaction were systematically investigated. In our new method, although zinc-substituted alpha-and beta-nickel hydroxides have the typical 3D flowerlike architecture and stacks-of-pancakes nanostructures, respectively, their growth processes are different from those previously reported. A coordinative homogeneous precipitation mechanism is proposed to explain the formation process of zinc-substituted nickel hydroxide nanostructures. The zinc-substituted nickel hydroxide nanostructures exhibit some interesting intrinsic properties, and changing the zinc content can effectively tune their optical, magnetic, and electrical properties.     

Ribbon- and boardlike nanostructures of nickel hydroxide: synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties

We report the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemistry properties of ribbon- and boardlike nanostructures of nickel hydroxide, which crystallize in different phases. The ribbonlike nanostructures (nanoribbons) of nickel hydroxide were synthesized by treating amorphous alpha-Ni(OH)2 with high concentrations of nickel sulfate. These nanoribbons crystallized in a new phase had typical widths of 5-25 nm, thicknesses of 3-9 nm, and lengths of up to a few micrometers. After further treatment in alkali at 60 degrees C, the nanoribbons converted to boardlike nanostructures (nanoboards), which crystallized in the beta-phase with the average length-width-thickness ratio of 20:6:1. The crystal structures, Raman spectra, and electrochemical properties of these nanostructures of nickel hydroxide are described in this paper. For comparison, the amorphous alpha-Ni(OH)2 has also been investigated. Moreover, the intermediate product between the nanoribbons and the nanoboards displays a unique structure, which implied an interesting transformation process. The nanoribbons with the new phase show some unique features in Raman spectra, two new peaks located at 3534 and 3592 cm(-1) in the OH stretching region, indicating the new chemical environment of the hydroxyl groups. The nanoboards exhibit the highest specific capacity, which is close to the theoretical capacity of beta-Ni(OH)2. It suggests that the boardlike nanostructure is helpful in improving the electrochemical performance of nickel hydroxide. Because of their unique structures and properties, the nanoribbons and nanoboards of nickel hydroxide may give a new perspective for applications in the areas of catalysts and rechargeable batteries.     

Ellipsometry of nickel hydroxide electrodes formed by ex situ chemical precipitation. Potential routine and time effects

Ellipsometric and reflectivity data combined with voltammetric data have been obtained at 546.1 nm for different nickel hydroxide electrodes in 0.01 M NaOH at 25°C. The electrodes were prepared by ex situ chemical precipitation on a polished platinum substrate. The influence of the potential routine applied to the nickel hydroxide electrode on the corresponding optical parameters and time effects for both the oxidized and reduced forms of the active material kept at constant potential have been investigated. The nickel hydroxide layer is described as a mixture of nickel(II) hydroxide, nickel(III) hydroxide and electrolyte—water domains. The kinetic effects are discussed through a complex reaction pathway involving different nickel(II) and nickel(III) hydroxide species, the processes starting preferentially at the borders of the different domains.     

镍氢氧化物修饰玻碳电极的制备及其电化学行为

采用一种新方法———镀膜/循环伏安法成功制备了镍氢氧化物修饰玻碳电极。考察了影响镍氢氧化物膜电催化活性的因素,确定最佳富集时间为2min,最佳富集电位为-1.4V。讨论了成膜过程及机理。膜氧化峰电流及催化氧化峰电流均受扩散控制。制得的镍氢氧化物膜修饰电极具有相当的稳定性,并对H2O2的电氧化表现出较高的电催化活性。该电极对H2O2响应的线性范围为1.71×10-5~1.33×10-2mol/L,检出限为2.86×10-6mol/L(S/N=3)。     

Surface modification of spherical nickel hydroxide for nickel electrodes

Electroless cobalt plating on spherical nickel hydroxide is tested in order to improve the conductivity of Ni(OH)₂ and the capacity of the electrode. The factors affecting the process of electroless cobalt plating are cobalt solution, temperature and pH, etc. The effects have been examined and the optimum process parameters have been obtained. The nickel hydroxide electrode which is made by nickel hydroxide deposited cobalt has excellent performance, the results showing that electroless cobalt plating on the surface of spherical nickel hydroxide particles is an effective method for modifying electrodes.     

Formation of a nickel catalyst on the surface of aluminosilicate supports for the synthesis of catalytic fibrous carbon

Conditions for the homogeneous precipitation of nickel hydroxide in the presence of urea onto the surface of aluminosilicate honeycomb monoliths, which were prepared based on clay, talc, and amorphous aluminum hydroxide, were examined. Factors affecting the concentration of supported nickel (synthesis time, starting solution concentrations, loaded amount of the support, and support calcination temperature) were studied. The possibility of supporting nickel hydroxide onto the surface of cellular ceramic foam, glass foam, and haydite was demonstrated. The morphology of nickel hydroxide particles, nickel metal particles on support surfaces, and carbon coatings synthesized in the course of the catalytic pyrolysis of a propane-butane mixture was studied by scanning electron microscopy.