ZnO/Au纳米复合物的制备及光学性质的研究

采用ZnO纳米晶表面还原Au+的方法合成了ZnO/Au纳米复合物,研究了其光学性质。     

聚邻甲基丙烯酰胺基苯甲酸/纳米ZnO复合物的制备及其荧光性能研究

利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法对合成的新单体邻甲基丙烯酰胺基苯甲酸(o-MAABA)进行聚合,通过核磁验证得到符合预先设计的、结构明确的聚合物,聚合物分子量为7900;将纳米ZnO引入到该聚合物P(o-MAABA)中,得到聚合物/纳米ZnO粒子复合物.用红外光谱和差热分析方法对聚合物和复合物进行了表征,并采用透射电镜(TEM)观察了复合物粒子的形貌.红外光谱表明纳米ZnO确实被引入到聚合物链中,并且与聚合物中的某些官能团发生了一定的相互作用;差热分析表明P(o-MAABA)/纳米ZnO复合物的热稳定性较原来聚合物P(o-MAABA)有所提高;TEM观察表明复合物粒子基本为球状,表面较为光滑.P(o-MAABA)/纳米ZnO复合物表现出特殊的荧光性能,与聚合物相比荧光光谱发生红移,并且复合物溶解性较好,能成膜,可望在发光材料方面得到应用.     

掺银氧化锌纳米棒的水热法制备研究

利用水热法在直流磁控溅射制备的掺铝氧化锌 (AZO) 种子层上制备了不同形貌和光学性能的掺银ZnO纳米棒, 并采用XRD、扫描电镜、透射谱、光发射谱和EDS谱详细研究了Ag离子与Zn离子的摩尔百分比 (R_Ag/Zn) 及AZO种子层对掺银ZnO纳米棒的结构和光学性质的影响. 随着R_Ag/Zn的增加, 掺银ZnO 纳米棒的微结构和光学性质的变化与银掺杂诱导的纳米棒的端面尺寸变化有关. 平均端面尺寸的变化归结于种子层颗粒大小和颗粒数密度不同导致掺入的Ag离子的相对比例不同. 溅射15 min的AZO种子层上生长的ZnO纳米棒由于缺陷增多导致在可见光区的发光峰明显强于溅射10 min 的AZO种子层上、相同R_Ag/Zn 条件下生长的ZnO纳米棒. Ag掺杂产生的点缺陷增多导致可见光区PL波包较宽. 纯ZnO纳米棒的微结构与种子层厚度导致的结晶度和颗粒大小有关. 关键词： ZnO纳米棒 水热法 Ag掺杂 直流磁控溅射     

Co掺杂纳米ZnO微结构的正电子湮没研究

利用正电子湮没技术研究了10 at.% Co掺杂的Co₃O₄/ZnO纳米复合物中退火对缺陷的影响. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)测量了Co₃O₄/ZnO纳米复合物的结构和晶粒尺寸. 随着退火温度升高,Co₃O₄相逐步消失,ZnO晶粒尺寸也有显著增加. 经过1000 ℃以上退火后,Co₃O₄相完全消失,并出现了CoO的岩盐结构. 正电子湮没寿命测量显示出Co₃O₄ /ZnO纳米复合物中存在大量的Zn空位和空位团. 这些空位缺陷可能存在于纳米复合物的界面区域. 当退火温度达到700 ℃后Zn空位开始恢复,空位团也开始收缩. 900 ℃以上退火后,所有空位缺陷基本消失,正电子寿命接近ZnO完整晶格中的体态寿命值. 符合多普勒展宽谱测量也显示Co₃O₄ /ZnO纳米复合物经过900 ℃以上退火后电子动量分布与单晶ZnO基本一致,表明界面缺陷经过退火后得到消除. 关键词： ZnO 界面缺陷 正电子湮没     

Ag-ZnO纳米复合热电材料的制备及其性能研究

ZnO是一类具有潜力的热电材料, 但其较大声子热导率影响了热电性能的进一步提高. 纳米复合是降低热导率的有效途径. 本文以醋酸盐为前驱体, 溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ag-ZnO纳米复合热电材料. 扫描电镜照片显示ZnO颗粒呈现多孔结构, Ag纳米颗粒分布于ZnO的晶粒之间. Ag-ZnO纳米复合材料的电导率比未复合ZnO材料高出100倍以上, 而热导率是未复合ZnO材料的1/2. 同时, 随着Ag添加量的增加, 赛贝克系数的绝对值逐渐减小. 综合以上原因, 添加7.5%mol Ag的Ag-ZnO纳米复合材料在700 K时的热电优值达到0.062, 是未复合ZnO材料的约25倍. 在ZnO基体中添加导电金属颗粒有利于产生导电逾渗通道, 提高材料体系的电导率, 但同时导致赛贝克系数的绝对值减小. 总热导率的差异来源于声子热导率的差异. 位于ZnO晶界的纳米Ag颗粒, 有利于降低声子热导率. 关键词： 热电材料 ZnO 纳米复合 热导率     

Ag NPS/g-C3N4纳米复合材料制备及其SERS纳米传感器

通过化学氧化块状石墨型氮化碳(g-C3N4),获得在水中分散性好的片状g-C3N4.XRD,FTIR和XPS表明,所得片状g-C3N4含有氧官能团.这不仅可以作为锚定点负载纳米银粒子(Ag NPs),而且可以获得Ag NPs均匀分散的Ag NPS/g-C3N4纳米复合物.制备的复合材料中银纳米颗粒的重量百分比也会随着硝酸银与片状g-C3N4的质量变化而发生变化.基于g-C3N4对Co2+的明显的拉曼强度响应,Ag NPS/g-C3N4纳米复合物作为表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)传感器检测Co2+.通过拉曼强度的对照,发现随着Co2+浓度的增加,拉曼信号增加;而含有73％银纳米颗粒的Ag NPS/g-C3N4纳米复合物有高的灵敏性,检测极限浓度达到10-9 mol·L-1;复合材料同时显示出高的选择性,对其他如Cd2+,Cu2+和Zn2+的金属离子没有明显的拉曼增强信号.分析了复合材料对Co2+的增强机制.由于Co2+与g-C3N4中的=N-/-NH-基团的耦合,引发复合材料中Ag NPs聚集,从而产生局部电磁场,进而产生表面增强效应.可以预知,Ag NPS/g-C3N4纳米复合物将作为一种用于制造SERS传感器的新的理想材料.     

ZnO/Au纳米复合物的制备及光学性质的研究简

摘要：采用ZnO纳米晶表面还原Au＋的方法合成了ZnO／Au纳米复合物,研究了其光学性质。     

紫外发光增强的石墨烯-氧化锌纳米复合物

采用溶剂热法在相同条件下分别制备了纯ZnO和石墨烯-氧化锌纳米复合物,通过SEM、TEM、拉曼和红外光谱等手段,对纳米复合物样品进行了形貌和结构表征。实验结果显示ZnO纳米颗粒成功地分散在少层石墨烯上。通过对比纯ZnO与复合物的形貌和光致发光谱,发现在没有石墨烯时,ZnO能够择优取向生长成六方棱柱,紫外发光峰弱且宽;在有石墨烯时,ZnO聚集成表面不规则的球形颗粒,紫外发光峰强且窄。上述结果表明ZnO形貌的变化和石墨烯的等离子体效应共同影响了ZnO的紫外发光,但石墨烯的表面等离子体效应起主导作用。     

Ag/ZnO纳米结构的荧光增强效应

利用化学合成方法制备了Ag纳米线和ZnO量子点。对这两种纳米结构的表面形貌、晶体结构和光学性质分别进行了研究。结果表明：Ag纳米线和ZnO量子点均为单晶结构,平均直径分别为160 nm和5 nm左右。将Ag纳米线混入ZnO量子点可以使其紫外荧光显著增强,其中位于345 nm和383 nm 的荧光分别增强30倍和12倍。这与Ag纳米线和ZnO量子点混合体系的局域表面等离子体共振耦合吸收峰位相一致,说明该体系存在两种共振耦合模式。该研究结果为将来开发ZnO基纳米发光器件提供了一条新的途径。     

基于空心海胆状金纳米粒子和银/氧化锌纳米结构SERS特性的基因类肿瘤标志物高灵敏检测

基因类肿瘤标记物microRNA(miRNA)的痕量检测对于癌症早期诊断具有重要应用价值.根据空心海胆状金纳米粒子和银/氧化锌(Ag/ZnO)纳米结构的表面增强拉曼散射特性,并基于碱基互补配对原理构建探针-核酸-基底组成的"三明治"结构,提出了一种基因类肿瘤标志物miRNA的高灵敏定量检测方案.首先将捕获DNA与修饰4-巯基苯甲酸(4-MBA)的空心海胆状金纳米粒子链接作为探针,同时在Ag/ZnO纳米结构上修饰靶DNA,经与miRNA-106a互补杂交后进行SERS信号检测,获得相应的剂量-响应曲线.实验结果表明,在1 fmol·L~(-1)至1 nmol·L~(-1)的检测范围内,对miRNA-106a的检测限达到1.84 fmol·L~(-1).同时,采用实时荧光定量多聚核苷酸链式反应方法验证了基于空心海胆状金纳米粒子和Ag/ZnO纳米结构SERS特性的miRNA检测方案的可靠性.     

Synthesis and characterization of ZnO-Ag core-shell nanocomposites with uniform thin silver layers

This paper presents an investigation on the synthesis and characterization of ZnO-Ag core-shell nanocomposites. ZnO nanorods were employed as core material for Ag seeds, and subsequent nucleation and growth of reduced Ag by formaldehyde formed the ZnO-Ag core-shell nanocomposites. The ZnO-Ag nanocomposites were annealed at different temperature to improve the crystallinity and binding strength of Ag nanoparticles. The morphology, microstructure and optical properties of the ZnO-Ag core-shell nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption and photoluminescence measurement. It was demonstrated that very small face-center-cubic Ag nanoparticles were coated on the surface of ZnO nanorods. The ultraviolet absorption and surface plasmon absorption band of ZnO-Ag core-shell nanocomposites exhibited some redshifts relative to pure ZnO nanorods and monometallic Ag nanoparticles. The coating of Ag nanocrystals onto the ZnO nanorods completely quenched the photoluminescence. These observations reflected the strong interfacial interaction between ZnO nanorods and Ag nanoparticles. The effect of Ag coating thickness on the morphology and optical properties of ZnO-Ag core-shell nanocomposites was also investigated. Moreover, the growth mechanism of ZnO-Ag core-shell nanocomposites was also proposed and discussed in detail.     

Synthesis and characterisation: Zinc oxide–sulfide nanocomposites

A novel synthesis method is presented for the preparation of nanosized-semiconductor zinc oxide–sulphide (ZnO/ZnS) core–shell nanocomposites, both formed sequentially from a single-source solid precursor. ZnO nanocrystals were synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method and ZnO/ZnS core–shell nanocomposites were successfully fabricated by sulfidation of ZnO nanocrystals via a facile chemical synthesis at room temperature. The as-obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the pure ZnO nanocrystals were hexagonal wurtzite crystal structures and the ZnS nanoparticles were sphalerite structure with the size of about 10 nm grown on the surface of the ZnO nanocrystals. Optical properties measured reveal that ZnO/ZnS core–shell nanocomposites have integrated the photoluminescent effect of ZnO and ZnS. Based on the results of the experiments, a possible formation mechanism of ZnO/ZnS core–shell nanocomposites was also suggested. This treatment is suggested to improve various properties of optoelectronically valuable ZnO/ZnS nanocomposites. These nanosized semiconductor nanocomposites can form a new class of luminescent materials for various applications.     

Synthesis and characterization of hybrid Ag-ZnO nanocomposite for the application of sensor selectivity

Facile, rapid, and environmentally benign hybrid Ag-ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized by two steps from green synthesis approach at room temperature. The absence of an impurity peak in X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the formation of polycrystalline nanocomposite material. An additional peak (111) of Ag was detected along with ZnO crystalline wurtzite structure. The surface area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern further confirmed the crystallinity of nanocomposites. The compositional analysis of hybrid Ag-ZnO was determined by EDS-mapping and confirmed the presence of Zn, O and Ag in the composite. The room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra of hybrid Ag-ZnO depict a weak ultraviolet (UV) emission at 385 nm, and the strong visible emission at ∼600 nm, while increasing the Ag concentration in to ZnO matrix, the UV peak was completely disappeared and major visible peak was moved to ∼500 nm indicated to the best optimal detection peak for sensors. The fluorescence spectra were measured with respect to Ag concentrations of Ag-ZnO nanocomposite at room temperature to investigate the functionality and the selectivity of nanomaterials. This work opens a notable way to fabricate Ag-ZnO nanohybrids, and makes a significant contribution to the fluorescence based sensor applications.     

ZnO/ZnS核-壳量子点的双光子吸收效应

利用飞秒激光Z-扫描与泵浦-探测技术,研究了室温下ZnO/ZnS与ZnO/ZnS/Ag核-壳胶体量子点的双光子吸收效应.研究发现:ZnO基核-壳量子点的本征双光子吸收系数比ZnO体材料增大了3个数量级;测量得到的660 nm处的ZnO/ZnS核-壳量子点双光子吸收截面约为4.3×10^-44 cm⁴·s·photon^-1,比相应的ZnS、ZnSe及 CdS量子点大2个数量级;当ZnO/ZnS核-壳量子点镶嵌了银纳米点时,非线性吸收有所增强.ZnO基复合纳米结构的双光子吸收增强可归因于量子限域与局域场效应.     

磁控溅射制备本征ZnO/Ag/ZnO透明导电薄膜的性质研究

室温下采用射频磁控溅射氧化锌（ZnO）粉末靶、银（Ag）靶,在玻璃衬底上制备ZnO/Ag/ZnO透明导电薄膜。首先,ZnO厚度为30 nm时,改变Ag厚度制备3层透明导电薄膜,研究Ag层厚度及膜层间配比对光电性能的影响;其次,按ZnO∶Ag厚度比为30∶11比例制备不同厚度的3层透明导电薄膜,研究多层厚度对薄膜光电性能的影响。结果表明：Ag厚度为8 nm及11 nm的ZnO/Ag/ZnO表面相对平整,结晶程度较好,在可见光范围内最高透过率达到90%及86%,并且方块电阻为6 Ω/□及3.20 Ω/□,具有优良的光电性;当按配比制备ZnO/Ag/ZnO 3层膜时,增加ZnO厚度对Ag层的增透作用反而减弱,同时增加Ag层厚度也会降低3层薄膜的整体光学性。     

Carbon quantum dots supported ZnO sphere based photocatalyst for dye degradation application

A Carbon quantum dots supported ZnO hollow Sphere (ZnO/C-dots) were synthesized through a solvothermal method using polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) as a solvent. The phase and crystal structure of as-prepared ZnO/C-dots photocatalyst were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface morphology and size of the composite were analyzed using field emission scanning microscopy (FE-SEM). The optical properties of the as-prepared nanocomposites were examined using UV–visible (UV–Vis) spectrometer. The photocatalytic activity of pure ZnO and ZnO/C-dots nanocomposites were evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV–Visible light irradiation. The ZnO/C-dots nanocomposites exhibited maximum photocatalytic MB dye degradation efficiency of 96% which is much higher that the pure ZnO (63%). The enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnO/C-dots is due to the extended light absorption in the visible region and suppressed photoexcited electron-hole pair recombination rate. Moreover, the activity of photocatalyst after five cycles exhibits high stability, which is vital for the sustainable photocatalytic procedures. It is concluded that the prepared ZnO/C-dots composite have low cost, good stability and has a great potential application for Photocatalytic dye degradation.     

Fabrication of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering‐active ZnO/Ag composite microspheres

We show in this paper how zinc oxide (ZnO)/silver (Ag) composite microspheres can be prepared by the reduction of Ag(NH₃)₂⁺ with the reducing agent formaldehyde in aqueous solution on the surface of ZnO microspheres. During the preparation, Sn²⁺ was absorbed on the surface of ZnO microspheres for sensitization and activation, and then Ag(NH₃)₂⁺ was reduced to Ag nanoparticles by the reducing agent to obtain ZnO/Ag composite microspheres. SEM and TEM images revealed silver nanoparticles with a diameter ranging from tens to 100 nm. X‐Ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV‐vis spectra were used to characterize the structure of the ZnO/Ag composite microspheres. The origin of the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering properties was traced to the surface of the ZnO/Ag composite microspheres. The enhancement factor was estimated in detail, and the enhancement mechanism for the SERS effect was also investigated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

液晶-氧化锌纳米复合材料的可调发光

采用超声波分散技术,选用氧化锌纳米晶体和液晶（N-（4-methoxybenzylidene）-4-ethoxybenzenamine）,制成液晶质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%的液晶-氧化锌纳米复合材料。通过X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、光致发光光谱仪对样品进行表征。实验结果表明：当液晶MB₂BA在氧化锌纳米晶体的质量分数从0增加到80%时,氧化锌纳米复合材料的PL光谱峰值最终移到了418 nm的蓝光区域。随着氧化锌纳米晶体中液晶分子的增加,氧化锌纳米晶体的表面缺陷减少、其深层发光明显削弱,氧化锌纳米晶体的光致发光可以由最初的黄绿色转变为蓝色。因此,可以在氧化锌纳米晶体中通过添加适量的液晶MB₂BA来实现蓝光发射。