限进印迹柱在线净化/液相色谱-串联质谱法检测动物源食品中克伦特罗与莱克多巴胺残留量

利用针对β-受体激动剂的限进型分子印迹整体柱,通过切换阀的组合和在线净化条件的优化,建立了检测动物源食品中克伦特罗和莱克多巴胺残留的在线净化/液相色谱-串联质谱法。样品经酶解和乙酸铵缓冲液提取后,由在线分子印迹柱净化,CAPCELL PAK C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,5μm)分离,多反应监测模式测定,内标法定量。克伦特罗和莱克多巴胺的定量下限分别为0.02μg/kg和0.09μg/kg。在猪肉、牛肉、香肠和奶粉中添加0.05~0.20μg/kg克伦特罗和0.5~2.0μg/kg莱克多巴胺,回收率为84.0%~103.8%,相对标准偏差小于12%。     

分子印迹固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中5种β_2-受体激动剂残留

建立了一种分子印迹固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定猪肉中5种β2-受体激动剂残留的方法。样品经过均质处理后置于乙酸铵/乙酸缓冲液中,加入内标物和β-葡萄糖醛酸酶/芳基硫酸酯酶,于55℃酶解2 h,调节溶液p H后通过分子印迹固相萃取柱净化,然后采用BEH C18色谱柱分离,以甲醇-0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式下用内标法定量。检出限(LOD,S/N=3)和定量限(LOQ,S/N=10)分别为0.005~0.009μg/kg和0.015~0.025μg/kg。在0~10μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数≥0.993 3。添加水平为0.25、1、5μg/kg时,回收率为80.4%~92.9%,相对标准偏差为1.2%~6.3%。该方法具有灵敏度高、重复性好、回收率高等优点,适合同时进行多种β2-受体激动剂残留的测定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡肉与鸡蛋中6种他汀类药物残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定鸡肉与鸡蛋中6种他汀类药物残留量的方法。采用BEH C18色谱柱,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸5 mmol乙酸铵为流动相,梯度洗脱分离,在电喷雾正负离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)方式检测,外标法定量。6种他汀类药物检出限(LOD,S/N=3)和定量限(LOD,S/N=10)分别为0.1~0.5μg/kg和0.3~2.0μg/kg,在1.0~100μg/kg浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数大于0.9910;鸡肉和鸡蛋样品中20μg/kg水平的加标回收率分别为80.9%~97.2%和79.0%~87.2%,相对标准偏差分别为1.3%~10.2%和1.5%~10.7%。本方法应用于市场实际样品检测,尚未检出阳性样品。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法测定牛奶中51种激素

基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF MS),建立了牛奶中51种激素的高通量筛选和定量方法,并采用信息依赖型采集(IDA)模式建立了51种激素的定性筛选数据库。牛奶样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白后,采用氧化锆包覆硅胶(Z-Sep)填料进一步净化。采用Waters Acquity BEH C₁₈(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱进行分离,UPLC-Q-TOF MS测定,基质匹配曲线外标法定量。牛奶中51种激素的线性范围为0.10～500μg/L,相关系数(r2)均大于0.99;检出限为0.03～1.67μg/kg,定量下限为0.10～5.00μg/kg;在5、10、50μg/kg加标水平下的回收率为44.6%～120%,相对标准偏差为0.90%～20%。利用该方法测定了20份市售牛奶样品,其中19份样品检出孕酮,检出量为0.80～4.51μg/kg;1份样品中含有痕量的氢化可的松,检出量为0.62μg/kg;其他激素均未检出。该方法具有良好的线性、灵敏度、准确度和精密度,可用于多种激素的同时定性定量分析。     

黄油中8种类固醇激素的液相色谱/串联质谱检测

建立了黄油中雌酮、α-雌二醇、β-雌二醇、雌三醇、睾酮、表睾酮、孕酮和丙酸睾酮8种类固醇激素的凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)-液相色谱/串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品用乙酸乙酯-环己烷(1∶1,V/V)提取,提取液经GPC柱净化除脂,GPC浓缩液采用C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.0 mm i.d.,3.0μm)分离,以乙腈和水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾电离多反应监测模式进行定性和定量分析。8种类固醇激素以基质匹配外标法定量,药物在1.0~20.0μg/kg线性范围内相关系数(r)均大于0.999;方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.04~0.30μg/kg,定量限LOQs(S/N=10)为1.0μg/kg;添加水平为1.0,2.0,4.0μg/kg时,回收率范围在64.1%~110%之间;相对标准偏差(RSD)小于11%。结果表明,本方法准确、可靠,满足黄油中8种类固醇激素的检测分析要求。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定牛奶和奶粉中的青霉素类药物及其主要酶解代谢产物

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定牛奶和奶粉中4种青霉素(青霉素G、青霉素V、阿莫西林、氨苄西林)及其4种 β-内酰胺酶酶解产物(青霉素G脱羧噻唑酸、青霉素V脱羧噻唑酸、阿莫西林脱羧噻唑酸、氨苄西林脱羧噻唑酸)残留的方法。样品采用乙腈-水提取,浓缩后经HLB柱净化,用液相色谱-串联质谱检测,外标法定量。结果表明,青霉素原药在4~200 μg/L,酶解产物在10~500 μg/L范围呈良好线性,线性相关系数均大于0.99;样品检出限为5~50 μg/kg(S/N≥3),定量限为8~100 μg/kg(S/N≥10);对牛奶和奶粉样品分别进行3个水平的加标回收实验(n=6),牛奶中青霉素及其酶解产物的平均回收率为83.48%~96.97%,相对标准偏差为3.86%~10.87%;奶粉中青霉素及其酶解产物的平均回收率为82.70%~95.14%,相对标准偏差为3.02%~9.81%。该方法稳定、可靠,适用于牛奶和奶粉中青霉素类药物及其酶解代谢产物的测定。     

超高液相色谱/线性离子阱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法快速筛查土壤中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量

基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱质谱建立了土壤中常见23种氨基甲酸酯类农药的快速筛查和定量方法。样品采用乙腈提取,优化Qu ECh ERS净化。以BEH C18+色谱柱进行分离,通过正离子模式扫描,静电场轨道阱全扫描获得农药的精确质量数,以Full Scan/dd M S2进行定性筛查和定量检测。实验结果表明,添加量为10,20,50μg/kg时,23种氨基甲酸酯农药含量在1.0~50μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)0.9907,平均回收率为62.5%~119.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.1%~11%。定量限(S/N≥10)均为5.0μg/kg,方法适用于土壤中氨基甲酸酯类农药的定性筛查和定量分析。     

超高压液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜禽粪便中3种β-受体激动剂残留

建立了畜禽粪便中3种β-受体激动剂药物残留的超高压液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱联用仪测定方法。样品酶解后经高氯酸溶液净化,调节p H值至碱性,乙酸乙酯提取,净化浓缩后以流动相定容,用超高压液相色谱-质谱联用仪检测,内标法定量。3种β-受体激动剂在0.5~20.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.998。畜禽粪便中3种β-受体激动剂的加标回收率为80.3%~110.2%,相对标准偏差为3.0%~7.7%,检出限(S/N=3)为0.04~0.07μg/kg。     

QuEChERS结合柱净化的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定有机肥中46种抗生素

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定有机肥中磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类46种抗生素的分析方法。样品用乙腈-EDTA缓冲溶液(p H 10.0)提取,盐析后离心分层,乙腈层按Qu ECh ERS法,采用吸附剂净化;缓冲溶液层经HLB柱净化。ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18柱用作色谱分离,以2mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液(含0.1%甲酸)-甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱;电喷雾电离源正离子(ESI+)多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质外标法定量。46种抗生素在1~200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)为0.996 6~0.999 9。在25,100,400μg/kg加标浓度下,3类抗生素的回收率分别为67.8%~95.6%,65.6%~89.4%和66.6%~107.8%,相对标准偏差为0.4%~11.9%;方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.6~4.6μg/kg,定量下限(S/N=10)为2.1~15.4μg/kg。     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源食品中阿奇霉素残留

建立了QuEChERS前处理,液相色谱-串联质谱测定动物源食品中阿奇霉素残留的快速分析方法。样品以乙腈提取,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)净化,采用Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18柱(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱。阿奇霉素采用电喷雾正离子源(ESI+)、多重反应监测(MRM)模式检测,以保留时间和特征离子对(母离子和2个碎片离子)信息比较进行定性分析和定量分析。阿奇霉素在1.0~50.0 ng/m L范围内线性相关系数均大于0.995;在6种基质(鸡肉、牛肉、猪肉、猪肝、鲤鱼、牛奶)中方法的检出限(S/N=3)均为0.3μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)均为1.0μg/kg;3个加标水平(1,2,10μg/kg)下,回收率为81.4%~103.8%,相对标准偏差为3.6%~8.9%。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。