Inorganic analysis

AbstractsGeneral analytical chemistry

Inorganic analysis     

Inorganic analysis

AbstractsGeneral analytical chemistry

Inorganic analysis     

1.2 Inorganic analysis

Abstracts1 General analytical chemistry

     

1.2 Inorganic analysis

Abstracts1 General analytical chemistry

1.2 Inorganic analysis     

1.2 Inorganic analysis

Abstracts1 General analytical chemistry

1.2 Inorganic analysis     

Inorganic trace analysis by mass spectrometry

Mass spectrometric methods for the trace analysis of inorganic materials with their ability to provide a very sensitive multielemental analysis have been established for the determination of trace and ultratrace elements in high-purity materials (metals, semiconductors and insulators), in different technical samples (e.g. alloys, pure chemicals, ceramics, thin films, ion-implanted semiconductors), in environmental samples (waters, soils, biological and medical materials) and geological samples. Whereas such techniques as spark source mass spectrometry (SSMS), laser ionization mass spectrometry (LIMS), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) have multielemental capability, other methods such as thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) have been used for sensitive mono- or oligoelemental ultratrace analysis (and precise determination of isotopic ratios) in solid samples. The limits of detection for chemical elements using these mass spectrometric techniques are in the low ng g⁻¹ concentration range. The quantification of the analytical results of mass spectrometric methods is sometimes difficult due to a lack of matrix-fitted multielement standard reference materials (SRMs) for many solid samples. Therefore, owing to the simple quantification procedure of the aqueous solution, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is being increasingly used for the characterization of solid samples after sample dissolution. ICP-MS is often combined with special sample introduction equipment (e.g. flow injection, hydride generation, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or electrothermal vaporization) or an off-line matrix separation and enrichment of trace impurities (especially for characterization of high-purity materials and environmental samples) is used in order to improve the detection limits of trace elements. Furthermore, the determination of chemical elements in the trace and ultratrace concentration range is often difficult and can be disturbed through mass interferences of analyte ions by molecular ions at the same nominal mass. By applying double-focusing sector field mass spectrometry at the required mass resolution—by the mass spectrometric separation of molecular ions from the analyte ions—it is often possible to overcome these interference problems. Commercial instrumental equipment, the capability (detection limits, accuracy, precision) and the analytical application fields of mass spectrometric methods for the determination of trace and ultratrace elements and for surface analysis are discussed.     

同位素质谱与无机质谱分析

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述中“无机质谱分析”课题的第二篇评述文章,它增加了同位素质谱分析的内容,故将题目改为现今题目,它综述了1985年～1990年间同位素质谱和无机质谱的发展概况。其中包括同位素示踪、同位素稀释、火花源质谱、二次离子质谱、等离子体质谱等。内容以国内为主,也收集了少量代表学科先进水平的外国文献。     

Inorganic analysis of biological fluids using capillary electrophoresis

This review article focuses on recent advances of CE in determination of inorganic species in biological fluids and covers the years of dedicated research in the field since 2001 when a previous similar review was published. The most productive area, in which CE has distinctively progressed over the review period, encompasses assaying major inorganic anions and cations in blood serum and urine. Other applications include assessing less abundant analytes, e. g., heavy metals or seleno-compounds, and less abundant body fluids (saliva, sweat, etc.). Special emphasis is placed on developments in CE methodology that comprised modifications of separation and detection hardware and using specific electrolyte modifiers to enhance the resolution of a CE system. Significant progress in the application of in-line preconcentration methods in order to move CE ahead closer to trace analyte levels is also brought into focus. A series of tables detailing highly developed CE procedures and the analytical figures of merit accomplished are included. Finally discussed are further strategies for the method's expansion in the practice of biomedical and clinical laboratories where CE could likely acquire the status of a benchmark analytical technique.