酸性磷(膦)稀土萃取剂的空间结构和电子结构特征

用分子力学（Ｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓ）、分子动力学及量子化学方法研究了系列酸性磷（膦）萃取剂的空间结构和电子结构。结果表明，它们存在较为明显的特征。空间结构方面，所有Ｐ原子均采取ｓｐ３杂化，萃取剂的空间结构取决于取代基之间的核排斥作用，在有两个２乙基己基的萃取剂中，其中一个取代基呈链状结构，而另一个呈弯曲结构。在电子结构方面，磷酰氧原子的负电荷随化合物中Ｏ原子数目的减少逐渐增多；羟基上Ｏ原子的负电荷和Ｈ原子的正电荷随着化合物中Ｏ原子数目的减少逐渐减小。各萃取剂电子占据前线轨道之间的能级相差较小，ＨＯＭＯ轨道和ＬＵＭＯ轨道的能级随体系中Ｏ原子数的减少而升高。这些结果为进一步研究萃取剂结构—性能关系和发展分子设计提供了有用的信息和数据。     

蓝光萘酰亚胺发光材料的合成与表征

通过在4位引入不同芳香基团,采用Suzuki和Stille偶联反应,设计与合成了一系列新型1,8-萘酰亚胺类荧光染料,并研究了它们的紫外-可见吸收、荧光发射和电化学行为等光物理性质。这些化合物在甲苯中均发射蓝色荧光,最大吸收和荧光发射峰分别在357～378和423～451nm之间,且随着芳香基团供电性增强,吸收和荧光发射波长发生红移。芳香基团的结构对化合物的发光效率影响很大,其中,取代基为甲氧基苯的化合物具有最高的荧光量子效率,可达0.98,而取代基为噻吩的化合物荧光量子效率最低,只有0.17。电化学循环伏安研究表明该类化合物具有较高的电子亲合力,不同芳香基团的引入只影响化合物的被占分子轨道(HOMO)能级,而对化合物的最低空分子轨道(LUMO)能级没有影响,即LUMO能级由1,8-萘酰亚胺单元决定。     

噻吩低聚物能级结构的量子化学研究

用量子化学方法计算了系列EDOT低聚物的紫外-可见吸收光谱和前线分子轨道,得到了相应的能级结构参数.与实验值进行对比发现,计算值与实验值具有相同的变化趋势.计算结果表明,通过选择性地改变共轭主链的长度、取代基的位置和取代基的类型,可以规律性地改变化合物光谱性质和能级结构.     

新型黄烷酮类衍生物的合成、杀菌活性及定量构效关系研究

设计合成了14个含不同性质取代基的黄烷酮类化合物,并采用核磁共振氢波谱、质谱和元素分析对所有化合物的结构进行了表征.在系统测定化合物对水稻稻瘟病抑制活性的IC₅₀值的基础上,采用Hansch-Fujita方法和CoMFA方法对其定量结构活性关系进行了系统研究,结果发现,化合物的疏水性质、极化效应以及最高空轨道能级对杀菌活性有重要影响,化合物的疏水参数越小,分子越容易极化,则化合物的杀菌活性越高.此外,最高空轨道能级越低,化合物越容易接受电子,其杀菌活性也相应提高.通过考察∑π、clgP以及lgK与化合物杀菌活性的相关性,发现lgK能较好地反映该类化合物的疏水效应.三维定量构效关系研究表明,B环2,3,4位上含有较大体积的取代基,而6位含较小体积的取代基,有利于提高其杀菌活性.     

稀土砷钨杂多化合物的氧化还原性质及其对NO_2~－的电催化性质研究

研究了一个系列的稀土杂多化合物Ｋ_（１７）［Ｌｎ（Ａｓ_２Ｗ_（１７）Ｏ_（６１））_２~（１７－）］·ｘＨ_２Ｏ（Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｐｒ、Ｎｄ、Ｓｍ、Ｅｕ、Ｇｄ、Ｔｂ、Ｄｙ、Ｔｍ和Ｙｂ）的氧化还原性质和用这些化合物制备的修饰电极对ＮＯ_２~－的电催化性质。发现这些稀土化合物的极谱半波电位随原子序数的增加呈现双峰变化并与ｐＨ值有关，且用这些化合物制备的修饰电极对ＮＯ_２~－有明显的催化作用。     

直链烷烃结构型和凝聚型性质的递变规律研究

用图示法和非线性规划的方法对直链烷烃同系物最高成键分子轨道能级、最低成键分子轨道能级,电离电位、氧化半波电位、正常沸点、正常熔点、临界压力、临界温度、密度、折光率、表面张力和粘度等12种结构型性质和凝聚型性质的变化规律进行研究,结果发现直链烷烃结构型性质和凝聚型性质一般能遵守同系对数递变规律,各种结构型性能和凝聚型性能均与对数递变函数呈优良的相关性,相关系数均大于0.99．用同系对数递变规律对直链烷烃各种性能进行预测的结果表明,除少数同系列起始化合物的偏差较大外,大多数预测值与实验值非常吻合,实验散点几乎与对数递变函数曲线相重合．     

钌(Ⅱ)联吡啶配合物cis-[Ru~Ⅱ(bpy)_2(L)_2]的配体取代效应(CNDO/2)

用ＣＮＤＯ／２方法经ＳＣＦ计算获得了钌（Ⅱ）联吡啶配合物ｃｉｓ－［ＲｕⅡ（ｂｐｙ）２（Ｌ）２］的电子结构（其中ｂｐｙ＝２，２′－二联吡啶；Ｌ＝Ｃｌ－，ＮＣＳ－，ＣＮ－，ＮＨ３，ＮＣＣＨ３）．计算结果表明，这些钌（Ⅱ）联吡啶配合物的ＬＵＭＯ均定域于配体ｂｐｙ的最低能π轨道，而其ＨＯＭＯ均定域于中心钌（Ⅱ）原子的ｄπ轨道．随着配体Ｌ的σ电子给予能力的增强，对应配合物的ＨＯＭＯ能级相应增大，ＬＵＭＯ能级亦有所增大，两者之差值则降低．这些钌（Ⅱ）联吡啶配合物的ＨＯＭＯ和ＬＵＭＯ能级变化趋势分别与相应的第一氧化和第一还原电势变化趋势相同，并且ＨＯＭＯ和ＬＵＭＯ能级与其光谱最低吸收能和第一氧化还原电势呈现出很好的线性相关性．计算结果与实验数据相吻合．     

氯苯胺类化合物对发光细菌毒性的定量构效关系

应用密度泛函理论的BLYP方法,对14种氯苯胺类化合物进行几何构型优化,得到稳定构型下的量子化学参数,研究了该类化合物对发光细菌毒性作用的定量结构-活性关系(QSAR),应用逐步回归方法建立了相关方程.结果表明:该类化合物对发光细菌的毒性作用随分子最低空轨道(LUMO)能级的降低而增大,随分子中氯取代数目的增加而增大.     

取代基对依布硒啉电子结构及光谱性质影响的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法在6-311++G**水平对依布硒啉及其6个衍生物进行结构优化,并分析了取代基对分子几何构型、电荷分布、前线轨道能级分布的影响.在相同计算水平上采用含时密度泛函理论方法进行了电子光谱研究,讨论了取代基对电子光谱的影响.计算结果表明,标题化合物分子为非平面结构,苯并异硒唑酮环与苯环之间存在一...     

定域分子轨道重心和分子结构的关系

本文讨论了定域分子轨道（ＬＭＯ）的重心和分子中化学键之间的关系，建立了利用定域分子轨道重心判断分子中成键情况及其化学键类型的方法，进而在ａｂ ｉｎｉｔｉｏ所得正则分子轨道（ＣＭＯ）定域化的基础上，计算了一些常见分子的ＬＭＯ重心；由此讨论了这些分子的化学键性质及其成键规律，探讨了一些化合物的反应性能。     

Towards physical interpretation of Hammett constants: charge transferred between active regions of substituents and a functional group

The charges transferred between substituents and two functional groups: nitroso and N,N-dimethylamine in disubstituted benzene rings, were calculated at the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level, using Natural Population Analysis. They were compared with the charges transferred between active regions of the substituents and of the groups. The transferred charge was well correlated with the Hammett constants, but only when the charges were calculated for the corresponding active regions instead of being calculated for the substituents and functional groups themselves. The results were compared for substituents introduced at the para and meta position to the NO and N(CH₃)₂ groups.     

DFT calculations on the effects of para substituents on the energy differences between singlet and triplet states of 2,2-difluoro-1,3-diphenylcyclopentane-1,3-diyls

UB3LYP/6-31g* calculations have been performed on a series of para-substituted 2,2-difluoro-1,3-diphenylcyclopentane-1,3-diyls (4). The singlet is computed to be the ground state for each of the diradicals, regardless of the nature of the para substituents, which range from strongly pi-electron-donating (amino) to strongly pi-electron-withdrawing (nitro). In the symmetrically para-disubstituted diradicals, the size of the singlet-triplet energy gap (Delta E(ST)) increases with the pi-electron-donating ability of the substituents, but in the unsymmetrically substituted diradicals, large values of Delta E(ST) are calculated even when one of the substituents is a pi electron acceptor. The origins of the competitive and cooperative substituent effects, predicted for diradical 4, are discussed in light of the calculated effects of the same substituents on the singlet and triplet states of diradical 6, which lacks the geminal fluorines at C-2 that are present in 4.     

N_2H_4-CH_3OH氢键团簇体系的从头计算

用从头计算法研究了 (N2 H4-CH3OH)氢键团簇体系。分别在HF/6 31G 和HF/6 31G 水平上对它们的中性和离子团簇进行几何全优化 ,得到了 3种中性混合团簇稳定构型和离子混合团簇稳定构型 ,并对其能量和稳定性进行了比较。讨论了 3种不同构型离子团簇可能的解离通道。给出了质子化混合团簇的稳定构型 ,并对其可能的解离通道进行了讨论。文中最后计算出N2 H4,CH3OH ,(N2 H4-CH3OH)团簇的质子亲和能 (PA) ,分别为 :2 0 6.7kcal/mol,1 78.3kcal/mol,2 2 7.5kcal/mol,其中质子亲和能PAcalc[N2 H4]与实验值PAexp[N2 H4]=2 0 4 .8kcal/mol符合得很好。     

Nb-MCM-41硅基中孔分子筛的合成与表征

ＭＣＭ４１中孔分子筛在催化、吸附分离、离子交换以及无机材料等领域具有较高的工程应用与研究价值．近年来,在催化应用方面,将具有一定催化活性的过渡金属元素如Ｔｉ［１］、Ｚｒ［２］、Ｍｏ［３］、Ｖ［４］、Ｆｅ［５］、Ｍｎ［６］、Ｗ［７］等以高分散的形态嵌入分子筛骨架结构中,得到了许多具有催化氧化性能的新型催化剂．这些新型催化剂已在石油加工、精细化学品和有机中间体的制备等方面显示出良好的应用前景［８］．铌的化合物是目前引人注目的一种新型催化材料,因为具有酸活性中心及氧化还原功能,已应用于烯烃齐聚［９］…     

Effect of substituents and conformations on the optical rotations of cyclic oxides and related compounds. relationship between the anomeric effect and optical rotation

The effect of substituents on the specific rotation of substituted cyclic oxides (X = F, Cl, CN, and HCC) and related compounds was studied via geometry optimization at the B3LYP/6-311+G** level followed by calculations of the specific rotation with B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ and, when practical, also with B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ. In some cases chiral samples were prepared so that the calculated specific rotations could be compared with experimental data. With most compounds there was only a minor effect of the basis set on the specific rotations. With the oxiranes and oxetanes, the chloro derivative gave a different behavior than the other substituents, but all substituents behaved in the same fashion with trans-2-methyl-1-X-cyclopropanes. Therefore the unusual behavior of chlorooxirane probably results from an interaction between oxygen and chlorine rather than being due to the presence of a three-membered ring. Chlorine is also an unusual substituent for the tetrahydrofurans. The effect of conformation on the calculated specific rotations was examined with the axial and equatorial 2-substituted tetrahydropyrans, where the anomeric effect is operative with the axial substituent, and also the 3-substituted tetrahydropyrans that would not be subject to the anomeric effect. The unusual effect of chlorine was seen only when it is antiperiplanar with respect to the oxygen.     

Retro [2 + 2 + 2] ring opening in tricyclobutabenzene derivatives. Thermochemistry and reaction barriers. A theoretical hybrid density functional study

The starting materials, transition states, and products of the concerted retro [2 + 2 + 2] ring-opening reactions of several tricyclobutabenzene derivatives substituted by double-bonded substituents were calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G theoretical level. It was found that the geometries of the products (cyclododecatriyne derivatives) are governed by the electronegativity of the substituents and hyperconjugation effects. The transition-state geometries of all the derivatives are similar. It was found that the retro [2 + 2 + 2] ring-opening reactions are endothermic (ca. 30-85 kcal mol(-1), depending on the substituents) with high barriers, ranging between ca. 95 and 115 kcal mol(-1). It is predicted that the tricyclobutabenzene derivatives under study will be stable when prepared and that they can be made by [2 + 2 + 2] intramolecular ring closure of the respective cyclododecatriyne derivative, especially with the use of transition metals as mediators or catalysts.     

The gauche effect : On the nature of the interaction between electronegative substituents in trans-1,2-disubstituted cyclohexanes

The positions of the aa/ee conformational equilibria of a series of trans-1,2-disubstituted cyclohexanes containing etectronegative substituents have been determined experimentally by NMR, and calculated theoretically by classical means. It is found that the classical analysis of the results, which takes into account explicitly steric and electrostatic interactions between gauche substituents, is not adequate, because residual attraction remains between the substituents.     

Substituent Effects on the C-H Bond Dissociation Energy of Toluene. A Density Functional Study

The bond dissociation energies of the benzylic C-H bond of a series of 16 para-substituted toluene compounds (p-X-C(6)H(4)CH(3)) have been calculated with the density functional method (BLYP/6-31G). The calculated substituent effects correlate well with experimental rates of dimerization of para-substituted alpha,beta,beta-trifluorostyrenes and rearrangement of methylenearylcyclopropanes. Both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups reduce the bond dissociation energy (BDE) of the benzylic C-H bond because both groups cause spin delocalization from the benzylic radical center. The calculated spin density variations at the benzylic radical centers correlate well with both the ESR hyperfine coupling constants determined by Arnold et al. and the calculated radical effects of the substituents. The relative radical stabilities are mainly determined by the spin delocalization effect of the substituents, and polar effect of the substituents are not important in the current situation. The ground state effect is also found to influence the C-H BDE.     

X-Ray determination of the effective charges on sulfur and phosphorus atoms in chemical compounds

The dependencies of Kα line shifts of the P and S atoms on effective charges of the atoms, calculated by CNDO/S, CNDO/2, INDO, and MNDO methods in the minimal and extended basis sets, have been investigated for model compounds. Good linear relationships between Kα shifts and atomic charges have been obtained for all cases investigated except for CNDO/2 and INDO calculations in the extended basis set. It is found that the PS bond ionicity is a nearly constant value, whereas the P S bond ionicity increases linearly with an increase in the positive charge of the central P atom. It is shown that the P and S atom charge in sulfides and phosphines containing no substituents with a strong M-effect at the central atom depend only on inductive substituent effects. Also, the positive charge on the central atom increases with the growth of the π-donor properties of substituents in sulfides and phosphines containing substituents exerting a strong M-effect, as well as in phosphoryl and thiophosphoryl compounds and sulfones.