飞秒相干态相位差分光谱学

理论上证明了测量脉冲对激发的相干态布居等价于测量单脉冲激发的感应极化,能同时获得瞬态相干光学过程的振幅与相位信息,发展了双通道飞秒脉冲对实验技术,提出了相位差分光谱实验方法。研究了半导体GaAs和稀土材料的飞秒相干态动力学过程,根据自相关曲线和样品信号的关系得到相位光谱。理论拟合得液氮温度下GaAs的激子退相时间为190fs;单晶Nd:YVO4和粉末Nd:YAG 4f电子在室温下的退相时间为300fs。并研究了液氮温度下稀土材料原子核波包的动力学过程。     

缺少一个数态的相干态

引入一种新的量子光场态／ａ，ｍ〉，它是是由相干态／ａ／〉去掉一个数态／ｍ〉后经归一化得到，研究了ｍ顺次取不同值时态／ａ，ｍ〉的各种量子统计性质，这相当于用一根探针在相干态内部顺次扫描数态观察各不同数态在决定相干态性质上所起的作用由此得到了一些很有意义的结果，其中特别是我们发现了这样一量子光场态－－它们表明反群聚与后松分布这两种非经典光即使在单模情况下也只是基本等价而不是完全等价。     

纠缠相干态的量子隐形传态

提出利用双模纠缠相干态作为量子信道，实现纠缠相干态量子隐形传态的方案. 分别在非正交的相干态表象和另一个由相干态构成的正交态表象对双模纠缠相干态的隐形传态进行具体分析. 发现在相干态表象，虽然只要线性光学元件就可以完成隐形传态，但成功的概率小于1/2，而在正交态表象，只要能分辨4个由相干态构成的Bell态，成功的概率就是1. 关键词： 隐形传态 纠缠相干态 纠缠相干态量子信道     

相干态与量子角动量算符

将二维相干态视为二维复旋量，推导出量子角动量的Ｓｃｈｗｉｎｇｅｒ表示。     

四光子相干态是类虚化态

Ｓｒｉｎｉｖａｓａｎ和Ｌｅｅ从一个真实的量子辐射场的物理态和与之对应的非物理态的分布函数出发，引入了量子辐射场的虚化态（Ｒ．Ｓｒｉｎｉｖａｓａｎａｎｄ．Ｃ．Ｔ．ＬｅｅＰｈｙｓ．Ｌｅｔｔ．Ａ２１８（１９９６）１５１），接着，Ｄｅｌｉｍａ等人又真实的物理态出发引入了虚化态的概念，并表明奇偶相干态是一种类虚化态（Ａ．Ｆ．ｄｅｌｉｍａｅｔａｌ．Ｐｈｙｓ．Ｌｅｔｔ，Ａ２９９（１９９７）４１１）。本文证明量子     

截头相干态及其量子统计性质

本文引入一类新的最子光场态│αｍ〉，称截头相干态，它由Ｇｌａｕｂｅｒ相干态的数态展开式中去掉前面ｍ－１个数态所剩部分构成，即│α，ｍ〉＝ＡｍΣ＾∞ｎ＝ｍα＾ｎ／√ｎ！│ｎ〉，Ａｍ是归一化常数。我们研究了这些态的量子统计性质，预言了一种与相干态具有相同的一，二阶相干度但不同的高介相干度的光。     

几类相干态的量子保真度

在坐标表象下,研究了几类相干态的量子保真度,对于相干态,我们给出了量子保真度的解析表达式,考查了谐振子特征长度 ,平移距离 对保真度的影响;对于相干态 与 的叠加态,考查了初态量子干涉对量子保真度的影响,结论表明：量子保真度呈周期性;与相干态的量子保真度比较而言,当谐振子处于第二类相干态时,量子干涉能抑制量子态失真,当谐振子处于第三类相干态时,量子干涉能抑制量子态失真,也可能加大量子态失真.     

q变形对相干态的相位概率分布特性

通过推广Pegg和Barnett的相位算符和相位态到q变形的双模情况, 应用数值计算 研究了q变形对相干态的相位概率分布特性. 结果表明, q变形对相干态的相位概率分布受到相位参数、q参数和参数│ξ│的调节, 从而反映出不同的量子相干特性.     

化学反应飞秒相干动力学与激光相干控制——1999年诺贝尔化学奖介绍

文章主要介绍了１９９９ 年诺贝尔化学奖得主艾哈默德·泽维尔（Ａｈｍｅｄ．Ｈ．Ｚｅｗａｉｌ） 教授的获奖工作———用飞秒技术和飞秒光谱的方法研究化学反应飞秒相干动力学,叙述了它们的原理、方法和应用,并简要介绍了其获奖背景、重要意义、相关研究及应用展望．     

相干反馈增强型量子混合干涉仪

本文在理论上提出了一种由非线性分束器和线性合束器构成的量子混合干涉仪,其中非线性分束器是由非线性参量过程结合量子压缩源的线性相干反馈构成,用于提高量子混合干涉仪相位灵敏度。具体而言,光学参量放大输出的光束与量子压缩源线性反馈至输入端,获得一对纠缠度可控的双模压缩光束,结合线性合束器,构建反馈型量子混合干涉仪。结果表明,相比于无反馈量子混合干涉仪,本方案通过调节反馈强度至合适区间,可以在增加相敏光子数实现干涉信号强度提高的同时,增强两干涉臂之间纠缠度进而减小干涉噪声。此外,将压缩真空态作为反馈环结构的输入态,能够进一步降低探测信号的噪声。因此,本方案从以上三个方面有效地提升混合干涉仪的测量灵敏度,甚至在有损的情况下,相比于无反馈情形,该反馈型量子混合干涉仪仍具有更好的相位灵敏度,表现出更好的抗损能力,有望应用在量子精密测量领域。     

钛蓝宝石飞秒超快光谱技术及其应用进展

介绍飞秒激光技术的进展、钛宝石飞秒激光放大技术及飞秒分辨相关测量技术.并介绍了飞秒分辨光荧光上转换和光克尔实验技术及其在各种学科中的应用. 关键词： 飞秒激光 飞秒光谱 光克尔 光荧光     

Theoretical and experimental investigations of coherent phonon dynamics in sapphire crystal using femto- second time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering

We report on the theoretical and the experimental investigations of the coherent phonon dynamics in sapphire crystal using the femtosecond time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (fs-CARS) technique. The temporal chirped white-light continuum (WLC) is used for the Stokes pulse, therefore we can perform the selective excitation of the phonon modes without using a complicated laser system. The expected quantum beat phenomenon is clearly observed. The theoretical formulas consist very well with the experimental results. The dephasing times of the excited phonon modes, the wavenumber difference, and the phase shift between the simultaneously excited modes are obtained and discussed. This work opens up a way to study directly high-frequency coherent phonon dynamics in bulk crystals on a femtosecond time scale and is especially helpful for understanding the nature of coherent phonons.     

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INSTRUMENTATION FOR LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY

ABSTRACT

This review describes, in detail, the most recent developments in instrumentation for laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The paper focuses on various laser systems, including excimer, CO₂, and Nd: YAG and their performance in LIBS. The coupling of fiber-optics to LIBS and development of portable LIBS systems and their performance is presented. New approaches such as dual pulse operation, multi-fiber, resonant ablation, and combination with laser induced fluorescence are further described. Finally the use of the Echelle spectrometer in which it has been combined with various charge coupled devices.     

LASER FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY AS A METHOD FOR STUDYING HUMIC SUBSTANCE

This paper summarizes the results obtained by fluorescence spectroscopic techniques with conventional and laser light sources for the characterization of the spectral luminescent properties of aquatic humic substances (AHS). The band profiles of corrected absorption, fluorescence emission, and fluorescence excitation spectra are compared in graphical form with unique functions used for the axes. In order to calculate the quantum efficiency of fluorescence, we used the Raman signal from water molecules as an internal reference. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence spectra of humic matter has been recorded in solid (?160°C to 0°C) and in liquid (0°C to +300°C) aqueous solutions. The behavior of the fluorescence band shape is discussed. A new method of nonlinear fluorimetry is proposed to enhance the capabilities of fluorescence spectroscopy. This method is based on the fluorescence saturation effect manifesting itself under powerful laser pumping (excitation) conditions. The use of the technique allows one to determine certain photophysical properties of molecules, as a complement to the normal spectral data. Using three different samples of aquatic humic substances with very similar fluorescence band shapes, it is demonstrated that these compounds have distinct molecular luminescent parameters and therefore, can be identified. The similarity of the fluorescence band shapes of humic substances in natural water of different types; the absence of any noticeable effect of temperature across a wide range and the fluorescence saturation on the fluorescence band contour can be explained. This assumes that in all of the samples of aquatic humic substances studied, with different molecular weight fractions, that there is a single dominant fluorescent functionality present.     

用激光光电流光谱法测量同位素位移

建立了用激光光电流光谱测量同位素位移的方法并测量了波长在５７８．２ｎｍ处铜的同位素位移，波工在５７６．２ｎｍ处铕的同位素位移以及波长在５７４．８ｎｍ处铀的同位素位移。     

Broadband THz emission from gas plasmas induced by femtosecond optical pulses: From fundamentals to applications

We review the generation of broadband THz radiation from femtosecond photo‐induced gas plasmas, with an emphasis on the highly efficient “AC‐bias” case where the plasma is generated and driven by a superposition of fundamental and second‐harmonic optical fields. The dependence on experimental parameters such as pulse energy, air pressure, polarization and focusing are presented, and compared to the predictions from semi‐quantitative models for the THz generation process, namely (i) a microscopic photocurrent model and (ii) a four‐wave mixing model. We also employ these models to the case of few‐cycle pulses, where the observed THz emission is related directly to the carrier‐envelope phase of the pulses, and hence provides a mechanism with which to measure this phase.}     

Low‐noise,vibrational phase‐sensitive chemical imaging by balanced detection RIKE

We perform a back‐to‐back comparison between two nonlinear vibrational imaging techniques: stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and balanced detection Raman‐induced Kerr effect (BD‐RIKE). Using a compact fiber‐based laser system for generation of pump and Stokes signals, we image polymer beads as well as human hepatocytes under the same experimental conditions. We show that BD‐RIKE, despite the slightly lower signal levels, consistently offers an improved signal‐to‐noise ratio with respect to SRS, resulting in significantly higher image quality. Importantly, we observe that such quality is not affected by the static birefringence of the sample, which makes BD‐RIKE a robust and attractive alternative to SRS. We also highlight a unique advantage of the technique, which is its capability to easily access both the real and imaginary parts of the nonlinear susceptibility, thus allowing for vibrational phase imaging. The phase information can be readily obtained from BD‐RIKE with minimal experimental effort and provides an additional chemical selectivity channel for coherent Raman microscopy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.