Features of Short-Period Oscillations of Microwave Emission from the Solar Active Region before the Flare

The radiation of microwave sources above sunspots at a frequency of 17 GHz gives information about the parameters of solar plasma in the regions where the magneti-field strength is B ~ 2000 G in the transition region between the chromosphere and corona. Short-period oscillations (with a period of several minutes) of microwave emission from solar active regions (ARs) reflect wave processes in magnetic flux tubes of sunspots. Short-period oscillations of microwave emission from AR NOAA 12242 before two flares on December 17, 2014 are analyzed. This analysis is based on solar radio images obtained by means of the Nobeyama Radio Heliograph with a 10″?15″ two-dimensional spatial resolution. The radio maps of the whole solar disk were synthesized in a nonstandard mode with a cadence of 10 s and an averaging time of 10 s. An increase in the power of about ten-minute oscillations of microwave radiation approximately 40 to 50 min before the M1.5 flare (01: 00 UT) is found. On the same day, an increase in the power of ten-minute oscillations is observed about 60 min before the M8.7 flare (04: 42 UT). This effect is similar to the effect found earlier by two groups of authors independently for three-minute oscillations—namely, they observed a sharp increase in three-minute oscillations 15 to 20 min before the radio burst accompanying the flare. The effect in question may be interpreted as an relationship ofMHD waves propagating along the magnetic flux tube of a sunspot and the onset of the solar flare.     

Prevalence of the Ordinary Mode in Microwave Radio Emission from Solar Active Regions

We propose an interpretation of some observations of the ordinary (o) mode in the microwave emission of slowly-varying (s) radio sources associated with active regions in the solar atmosphere. As a rule, the extraordinary (e) mode dominates in the s-component, which is fully explained by the generally accepted theory of its origin. This theory is based on the cyclotron and bremsstrahlung mechanisms of radiation of thermal electrons in an inhomogeneous plasma of the solar atmosphere above sunspots, where the magnetic field decreases and the kinetic temperature increases with height. It is shown in this work that the prevalence of the ordinary mode is due most probably to the presence of a region with a negative gradient of the kinetic temperature in the atmosphere above the sunspot. We analyze the qualitative frequency dependences of the brightness temperature and polarization of the radiation of a hot and cold (compared to the ambient plasma) filament in the s-component source, as well as the possible reasons for the polarization reversal at a certain frequency. Special attention is paid to the active region NOAA 4741 with the unipolar sunspot described in [1, 2]. Criteria permitting one to judge which of two effects (linear wave coupling or presence of a region with a negative temperature gradient) is responsible for the o-mode in the s-component are discussed.     

Effect of Microwave Radiation on Quantum Magnetocapacitance Oscillations

JETP Letters - The effect of microwave radiation on the amplitudes of the quantum magnetocapacitance oscillations in field-effect transistors has been studied. It has been found that the...     

微波液相等离子体发射光谱研究

为了研究微波液相放电等离子体的基本物理现象和放电特性,为微波液相放电技术奠定一定的理论基础,利用发射光谱仪对水中微波液相放电及放电中产生的活性粒子进行了检测,同时对微波液相放电光谱数据统计方法进行了研究。 利用发射光谱仪结合数控摄像机对微波液相放电过程中起始放电和稳定放电两个过程进行了同步检测拍摄。 实验结果发现：微波液相等离子体发射光谱强度波动较大,光谱强度可以用10个光谱数据点进行平均计算;放电的强度在一定程度上可以由等离子体区域面积所反映,尽管如此,等离子体区域面积和羟基自由基发射光谱强度的变化梯度并不一致,这主要是因为在放电过程中,放电强度不仅体现在等离子体区域面积,同时也与等离子体区域的亮度有关。     

Quantum Oscillations of the Microwave Sensitivity of a Spin-Torque Diode in a Magnetic Nanobridge

The reduction of the area of the cross section of a spin-valve-like structure to a nanoscale is an important problem of modern spin electronics. However, the transverse quantization of electronic states in the spin valve, which forms a magnetic nanobridge at this scale, additionally affects not only the magnetoresistance but also the spin-transfer torques. In this work, features of the quantization of the magnetoresistance and spin-angular momentum associated with the spin transfer in a Co/Au/Co metallic nanobridge with metallic contacts have been theoretically analyzed. It has been shown that these features are manifested in oscillations of the microwave sensitivity of a spin-torque diode based on the spin-valve structure mentioned above.     

分子发射光谱法测量微波等离子体气体温度

通过OH自由基A2Σ+→X2Π_r电子带系分子发射光谱测温法,实现了对氩气、氮气、空气三种大气压微波等离子体气体温度的测量。探究了不同微波功率、不同气体流量下气体温度的变化规律,测量了氮气、空气微波等离子体羽流的轴向温度分布。实验结果表明,不同工作条件下微波等离子体核心温度普遍超过2 000 K,空气微波等离子体可超过6 000 K;同样工作条件下三种微波等离子体气体温度满足：T_Ar<T_N2<T_Air;气体温度总体上随微波功率增加而小幅增加,随气体流量下降而小幅降低;氮气与空气等离子体羽流温度沿轴向迅速降低。为验证分子发射光谱测温法的准确性,以热电偶测温作为比对,对温度较低的介质阻挡放电氩气等离子体进行了温度测量,实验表明,分子发射光谱法与热电偶所测结果十分接近。     

二次发射微波电子枪的数值计算方法

阐述了在rfz轴对称坐标系下,计算二次发射微波电子枪中电子束运动的一种数值方法.通过在束流运动区域建立网格,把空间中的电荷密度分布转化为网格上各顶点的电荷密度分布.在束团运动坐标系中,用多重网格法求解Poisson方程,得到束团的空间电荷场.用5阶Runge?Kutta法直接求解相对论下的电子运动方程.通过实例计算,并和MAFIA的计算结果对比,证明其是一种可靠的方法.     

Study of Spectral Emission Behaviour in the Glow and Microwave Discharges of Oxygen

Because of the very important role of oxygen plasmas in various applications, both direct current and microwave discharges have been analysed from the point of view of emission spectra properties. In both cases silica discharge tubes with practically the same diameters were used. The following transitions of the oxygen discharges were studied: the atomic lines at 777.4 nm (⁵P ‐ ⁵S)and 747.7 nm (³D ‐ ³P⁰), and the head at 759.4 nm of the atmospheric system (b ¹Σ⁺_g, v = 0 ‐ X ³Σ^—_g, v = 0).     

On Thermal Runaway Electrons and the Polarization of X-ray Emission in Solar Flares

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - A model for the thermal runaway of electrons in solar flares based on an approximate analytical solution of the kinetic equation with a linearized...     

微波退火对聚合物太阳能电池性能的提高

利用微波对基于poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)和 -phenyl-C61-buytyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) 的体异质结太阳能电池进行退火处理,提高了器件的效率。使用的微波频率为2.45 GHz,当处理时间为10 min时,获得的短路电流为9.13 mA/cm²,开路电压为0.63 V,能量转化效率为3.21%,其性能参数完全可以与普通真空干燥箱退火相比拟。研究了微波对活性层的作用,从微波退火处理后的UV-Vis吸收谱和SEM图发现,微波退火主要改善了活性层的粗糙度,提高了相分离程度,有利于激子在界面处的解离和载流子的传输。     

The Numerical Algorithm of Secondary Emission Microwave Electron Gun

a tracking algorithm using grid–based space charge fields is studied for the analysis of secondary emission microwave electron gun(semeg). the poisson equations of the space charge forces are determined in the bunchs rest frame with a multi–grid method. the particles equations of motion are solved with a fifth–order embedded runge–Kutta method. the results of the semeg by this algorithm are presented and compared with these by mafia algorithm.     

MP-AES法测定水产饲料中多种金属元素

应用微波等离子体发射光谱(microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, MP-AES)技术, 建立水产饲料中铜、铁、锰、锌、钾、钠等元素MP-AES分析方法。样品采用干灰化法消解, 开展了方法学研究试验, 同时与AAS和ICP-AES方法进行比对, 并完成FAPAS能力验证样品和标准物质确证试验。通过优化MP-AES仪器的各项参数, 在所选定的条件下, 各元素的线性相关系数在0.999以上, 检出限在0.4～3.9 mg·kg-1之间, 加标回收率在103%～112%之间, 精密度试验相对标准偏差在0.2%～0.6%之间;测定结果与AAS法、ICP-AES法比对, 单因素方差分析(α=0.05)各元素P值在0.065～0.438之间, 均大于0.05, 无显著性差异;FAPAS奶牛饲料能力验证和灌木枝叶(GBW07602)标准物质确证试验的各元素测定值均在参考值范围内。结果表明, 所建立的方法简单、快速, 线性范围宽, 具有良好的准确性和精密度;MP-AES无需使用乙炔、氩气, 安全、经济、环保, 能降低检测成本、提高检测效率, 可替代AAS、ICP-AES法测定水产饲料中的六种金属元素, 为水产饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

MP-AES法测定水产饲料中多种金属元素

应用微波等离子体发射光谱(microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry,MP-AES)技术,建立水产饲料中铜、铁、锰、锌、钾、钠等元素MP-AES分析方法。样品采用干灰化法消解,开展了方法学研究试验,同时与AAS和ICP-AES方法进行比对,并完成FAPAS能力验证样品和标准物质确证试验。通过优化MP-AES仪器的各项参数,在所选定的条件下,各元素的线性相关系数在0.999以上,检出限在0.4～3.9 mg·kg-1之间,加标回收率在103%～112%之间,精密度试验相对标准偏差在0.2%～0.6%之间;测定结果与AAS法、ICP-AES法比对,单因素方差分析(α=0.05)各元素P值在0.065～0.438之间,均大于0.05,无显著性差异;FAPAS奶牛饲料能力验证和灌木枝叶(GBW07602)标准物质确证试验的各元素测定值均在参考值范围内。结果表明,所建立的方法简单、快速,线性范围宽,具有良好的准确性和精密度;MP-AES无需使用乙炔、氩气,安全、经济、环保,能降低检测成本、提高检测效率,可替代AAS、ICP-AES法测定水产饲料中的六种金属元素,为水产饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Studying the Polarization Characteristics of Thermal Microwave Emission from a Cloudy Atmosphere

We present the results of spectral studies of thermal microwave emission from a cloudy atmosphere at 37 and 85 GHz. The experimental data are interpreted on the basis of modeling of microwave radiation transfer in the mixed-type clouds containing ice crystals of different shapes and supercooled water drops. All orders of scattering are taken into account. It is shown that polarization radiometric measurements allow one to separately determine ice-water and liquid-water contents of the clouds and also to diagnose the cloud microstructure (crystal shapes and characteristic sizes).     

微波等离子体原子发射光谱分析膨润土中总砷的研究

膨润土是由比例为2∶1的Si—O四面体和Al—O八面体交替组成具有层状结构的硅酸盐天然黏土矿物,膨润土的多孔结构、化学组成、可交换离子类型以及较小的晶体尺寸,赋予了膨润土具有化学活性表面积大、阳离子交换容量大以及孔隙率高的独特性能,广泛应用于石化、冶金、食品、医药和环保等各个领域。在膨润土的开发利用过程中,其所含元素As可能通过迁移对人体健康构成潜在风险。采用硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸对膨润土进行微波消解,加入高氯酸在电热板上对消解溶液继续进行低温消解,利用微波等离子体原子发射光谱（MP-AES）联用多模式样品引入系统（MSIS）测定膨润土中总As含量。采用25%（w/v）碘化钾为预还原溶液对As的形态进行预还原,将As（Ⅴ）还原为As（Ⅲ）,利用硼氢化钠/氢氧化钠在MSIS中将As（Ⅲ）转变为气态氢化物（AsH₃）,通过优化MP-AES的最佳观测位置和雾化气流量,获得最佳分析性能,选择188.979 nm为As的分析波长避开了谱线重叠干扰,使用快速线性干扰校正（FLIC）模型校正了背景干扰,选择261.542 nm为内标元素Lu的分析波长校正了基体效应。As的检出限（LOD）为0.41 μg·L-1,通过测定国家标准参考物质对分析方法进行评价,As的测定值与标准参考物质的认定值一致,相对标准偏差（RSD）≤2.80%,验证了方法的准确性好,精密度高。对来自中国不同产地的12个膨润土的分析显示,所有样品中总As的浓度相对较低（As的平均含量在3.51～12.6 mg·kg-1之间）,按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 2760—2014食品安全国家标准食品添加剂膨润土中规定的总As浓度限量标准,所有膨润土样品中的As含量均没有超标。采用大气氮气为等离子体气的MP-AES降低了运行成本,提高了分析效率,为膨润土的质量控制提供了可靠的方法,具有运行安全稳定、操作简单快速、适用性强等优点。     

微波液相放电乙醇制氢发射光谱研究

氢能作为一种高热值、无污染的清洁能源日渐受到国内外专家学者的追捧。微波液相放电技术在醇类中制氢具有光明的研究前景,为氢能的研究开发开辟了一条新的途径。通过对乙醇制氢发射光谱分析,有利于分析微波液相放电醇类制氢机理的探讨,为进一步改进微波液相放电制氢技术奠定基础。本文采用2.45 GHz频率微波在液相醇类中放电实现了微波液相等离子体制氢,并借助发射光谱仪对微波液相放电乙醇制氢光谱特性进行了研究。研究结果显示：微波液相放电乙醇制氢过程中,能产生大量的H,O,OH,CH,C₂等活性粒子;乙醇放电光谱中OH自由基、H自由基和O自由基的光谱强度要远大于纯水中OH自由基、H自由基和O自由基的光谱强度;高能粒子打开水分子中的O—H键,脱氢制氢的过程较乙醇分子难度要大,因此在微波乙醇放电制氢过程中,氢气的来源主要是乙醇分子的脱氢重组,水分解产氢的贡献度较低;在外界压力与温度一定的条件下,OH,H,O自由基的发射光谱强度随着功率的增加显著增强,而CH和C₂活性粒子发射光谱强度则出现减弱趋势,这表明较大的微波功率不仅使产生的高能粒子的能量增加,同时高能粒子的密度也有所增加,导致较多的CH和C₂基团被充分碰撞打开。     

Correspondence Between Oscillations and Emitted Photon Closed-Orbits in Spontaneous Emission Rate of an Atom Near a Dielectric Slab

We study the oscillations in the spontaneous emission rate of an atom near a dielectric slab. The emission rate is calculated as a function of system size using quantum electrodynamics. It exhibits multi-periodic oscillations. Four frequencies of the oscillations are extracted by Fourier transforms. They agree with actions of photon closed-orbits going away and returning to the atom. These oscillations are explained as manifestations of quantum interference effects between the emitted photon wave near the atom and the returning photon waves travelling along various closed-orbits.