催化裂解CH4或CO制碳纳米管结构性能的谱学表征

利用TEM、HRTEM、XRD、XPS和TPO等方法对CH₄或CO催化分解生成的碳纳米管结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明,所得产物是管径15～20nm的均匀碳纳米管.其XRD谱图与石墨的相近,但特征衍射峰稍宽化,表明其长程有序度较石墨的低.由CH₄制备的碳纳米管系由多层具有类石墨片状结构的同心、等径及中空圆锥形面叠合而成,类石墨层面取向与管轴倾斜;而由CO制备的碳纳米管系由多层具有类石墨片状结构的圆柱形面围叠而成,类石墨层面取向与管轴平行.碳纳米管中C_1s的电子结合能比石墨的下降约0.5eV.TPO试验结果显示所制备的两种产物中无定形碳含量都很低,其整体结构石墨化程度较高;由CH₄制得的碳纳米管与O₂反应的起燃温度比由CO制得的约高100K.     

稀土化合物增强ZA—27合金耐磨性的研究

对稀土化合物增强ＺＡ－２７合金的组织及耐磨性做了研究。试验发现,由于在ＺＡ－２７合金中加入一定量的ＥＲ和Ｓｉ元素,组织中出现一些颗粒状第二相;这些物相分布在晶界及枝晶间,阻止了晶粒长大。通过航向电镜能谱分析发现,该物相是一种含有Ｚｎ、Ａｌ、Ｓｉ及ＲＥ元素的复杂化合物。经测试,这种物相的显微硬度要比基体高得多。耐磨性等性能试验结果表明,这种合金的耐磨性要比ＺＡ－２７合金高４倍,比Ｓｉ相增强合金也高,     

不同取代基的噻碳菁和吲哚碳菁染料对其在溴化银微晶上吸附能力及形成J-聚集体尺寸分布的影响

本文研究了5-位不同取代基的噻碳菁和吲哚碳菁染料对其在立方型颗粒和T-颗粒溴化银微晶上吸附能力的影响,并采用ACFEM(Analytical Color Fluore scence Electron Microscopy)研究了上述结构染料对其吸附在溴化银微晶所形成的J-聚集体尺寸分布的影响。实验结果表明,对吲哚碳菁染料来说,立方体溴化银微晶表面的吸附能力较T-颗粒溴化银微晶表面的吸附能力强;但对噻碳菁染料来说则相反,它们在T-颗粒溴化银微晶表面的吸附能力较立方体溴化银微晶表面的吸附能力强。另外,对5-位不同取代基的噻碳菁染料而言,无论是在立方型颗粒或T-颗粒溴化银微晶上的吸附能力来说,含取代基(无论4-取代基是吸电子型还是推电子型)的噻碳菁染料较未取代的噻碳菁染料强;而5-位取代基是吸电子型的噻碳菁染料更有利于其吸附在T-颗粒溴化银微晶表面。此外,本文还进一步证明了溴化银微晶表面上染料J-聚集体的生长过程是符合奥斯瓦尔特成熟过程的。吲哚碳菁染料在T-颗粒溴化银微晶上形成的J-聚集体的平均尺寸明显大于在立方体溴化银微晶上形成的J-聚集体的平均尺寸。吸附在立方体溴化银微晶上的5-不同取代基的噻碳菁染料对其形成J-聚集体尺寸分布的影响的研究结果表明,含取代基(-CH₃,-Ph,-Cl)的噻碳菁染料形成的J-聚集体的尺寸分布几乎相同,但与未取代的噻碳菁染料形成的J-聚集体的尺寸分布明显不同;5-位含取代基的噻碳菁染料形成的J-聚集体平均尺寸大于未取代的噻碳菁染料的。     

微波场下湿法合成的CoFe2O4粉体对H2O2催化分解研究

借助微波电磁场的作用制备超细粉体，已有不少报导［’一到本文着重研究了湿法制备COFe。O。粉体时，微波辐照与常规加热两种陈化方式对其催化活性的影响，并初步分析了造成催化活性差异的原因．1实验部分1·ICOFe。0。催化剂的制备采用自行设计的装置旧1），微波的频率为Zd5Al     

Peptide‐Guided Assembly of Repeat Protein Fragments

Herein, we present the peptide‐guided assembly of complementary fragments of designed armadillo repeat proteins (dArmRPs) to create proteins that bind peptides not only with high affinity but also with good selectivity. We recently demonstrated that complementary N‐ and C‐terminal fragments of dArmRPs form high‐affinity complexes that resemble the structure of the full‐length protein, and that these complexes bind their target peptides. We now demonstrate that dArmRPs can be split such that the fragments assemble only in the presence of a templating peptide, and that fragment mixtures enrich the combination with the highest affinity for this peptide. The enriched fragment combination discriminates single amino acid variations in the target peptide with high specificity. Our results suggest novel opportunities for the generation of new peptide binders by selection from dArmRP fragment mixtures.     

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine, the sixth base of the genome

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) was recently discovered as a new constituent of mammalian DNA. Besides 5-methylcytosine (mC), it is the only other modified base in higher organisms. The discovery is of enormous importance because it shows that the methylation of cytosines to imprint epigenetic information is not a final chemical step that leads to gene silencing but that further chemistry occurs at the methyl group that might have regulatory function. Recent progress in hmC detection--most notably LC-MS and glucosyltransferase assays--helped to decipher the precise distribution of hmC in the body. This led to the surprising finding that, in contrast to constant mC levels, the hmC levels are strongly tissue-specific. The highest values of hmC are found in the central nervous system. It was furthermore discovered that hmC is involved in regulating the pluripotency of stem cells and that it is connected to the processes of cellular development and carcinogenesis. Evidence is currently accumulating that hmC may not exclusively be an intermediate of an active demethylation process, but that it functions instead as an important epigenetic marker.     

Techniques for the calculation of three-dimensional structural similarity using inter-atomic distances

Summary This paper reports a comparison of several methods for measuring the degree of similarity between pairs of 3-D chemical structures that are represented by inter-atomic distance matrices. The methods that have been tested use the distance information in very different ways and have very different computational requirements. Experiments with 10 small datasets, for which both structural and biological activity data are available, suggest that the most cost-effective technique is based on a mapping procedure that tries to match pairs of atoms, one from each of the molecules that are being compared, that have neighbouring atoms at approximately the same distances.     

二甲基亚砜-水混合溶液的等效介电常数特异性研究

在2.45 GHz下利用微扰谐振腔法测量二甲基亚砜(DMSO)-水(H₂O)混合溶液的等效介电常数过程中, 发现混合溶液等效介电常数虚部大于其中任一组分的介电常数虚部的特异现象. 分析表明, 这种特异性现象的发生主要是由于DMSO与H₂O混合后溶液的高频摩擦项大于混合前引起的. 因此, 经典混合物介电常数公式需要进行适当修正才能较好地适用于这类特异性问题计算.     

磷脂水解与胆固醇型胆结石时的可能生成机理

用胆酸盐-磷脂-胆固醇-水体系模拟胆汗的化学行为。在体系中发现，磷脂可 以发生降解形成脂肪酸。而在胆汗中，磷脂在增溶固醇的过程中起到了十分重要的 作用。依此，我们提出磷脂的水解可能与胆固醇型胆结石的生成有密切关系。     

The Compositional Aspects of Edible Flowers as an Emerging Horticultural Product

Edible flowers are becoming very popular, as consumers are seeking healthier and more attractive food products that can improve their diet aesthetics and diversify their dietary sources of micronutrients. The great variety of flowers that can be eaten is also associated with high variability in chemical composition, especially in bioactive compounds content that may significantly contribute to human health. The advanced analytical techniques allowed us to reveal the chemical composition of edible flowers and identify new compounds and effects that were not known until recently. Considering the numerous species of edible flowers, the present review aims to categorize the various species depending on their chemical composition and also to present the main groups of compounds that are usually present in the species that are most commonly used for culinary purposes. Moreover, special attention is given to those species that contain potentially toxic or poisonous compounds as their integration in human diets should be carefully considered. In conclusion, the present review provides useful information regarding the chemical composition and the main groups of chemical compounds that are present in the flowers of the most common species.     

A Relative Study on Two-photon Absorption Properties of C60 and C70

We have theoretically investigated the one- and two-photon absorption properties of C60 and C70 using the ZINDO method. From the results it is suggested that the one-photon absorption spectra are in agreement with the experimental observations. It is found that the maximum TPA cross section of C70 is more than twice that of C60,which is consistent with the experimental results. A notable point is that the TPA process of C60 is different from that of C70 as well as other ordinary conjugated molecules.     

五彩湾煤镜质组与惰质组在热解中的相互作用

以五彩湾煤镜质组、惰质组为研究对象,建立两种不同的体系,镜质组与惰质组无相互作用体系(A)和相互作用体系(B)。利用热重技术(TG)和傅里叶变换红外技术(FT-IR),将两体系的热解固体产物进行红外分析。结果表明,在300~450℃,体系B的脂肪氢含量高于体系A,表明镜质组与惰质组之间发生了烷基自由基转移反应,芳氢的含量也是体系B多于体系A,这说明镜质组与惰质组之间同时发生了芳构化作用,随温度升高,镜质组生成少量氢自由基与惰质组发生侧链取代反应;在500~700℃,体系B的脂肪氢含量和芳氢含量均低于体系A,表明此时镜质组与惰质组之间发生缩聚反应及缩合反应;750~800℃时,脂肪氢和芳香氢含量均为体系B大于体系A,说明体系B中,镜质组产生较多的氢自由基与惰质组大分子芳香结构发生氢化反应,同时与惰质组发生侧链取代反应;850~900℃时,镜质组与惰质组之间进一步发生多环芳香缩合反应。     

L—赖氨酸锌细胞生物学和生物学实验研究

研究了Ｌ－赖氨酸锌对健康大鼠血液及骨髓中细胞的影响,并与对照组进行了比较。结果表明,本品对健康鼠血液中红细胞,血小板,淋巴细胞、中性白细胞和单核细胞及骨髓多染红细胞中的微核数等均无显著性影响,另外大鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的致突变实验显示Ｌ－赖氨酸锌未引起大鼠伤寒沙门氏组氨酸缺陷型变异菌株的回复突变,而健康小儿血液各项生化指标的变化,揭示本品可显示提高血液中碱性磷酸酶和红细胞水平,对白细胞的增殖有促进作用,但对乳酸脱氢酶、谷丙转氨酶等无显著性影响。     

Novel Properties of Photochromic Spirooxazine Nanoparticles

The nanoparticles of a spirooxazine （SPO） and its photomerocyanine （PMC） were prepared through the reprecipitation method. Two distinct features were observed. One is that the decaying lifetime for PMC nanoparticles was 600 times of that for the dispersed molecules, and the other is that the fluorescence intensity of SPO nanoparticles was enhanced by 240 times of that of the dispersed monomer.     

REGULATION OF NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY IN RICE

The properties of NR from rice varieties Yuanfengzao and Jingyin 127 are the same in molecular weight of native enzyme and subunit, optimum pH, K_m value for substrates NO_3~- and NADH, stability in vitro and immunological characteristics. The decay rate in vitro of the activity of the partially purified NR from Yuanfengzao is 20％ lower than that from Jingyin 127. The results from antiserum titration and rocket immunoelectrophoresis indicated that the amount of NR in Yuanfengzao is about 1.5 times more than that in Jingyin 127. Further study on in vivo incorporation of ~3H-labeled amino acids into NR revealed that the rate of NR synthesis in Yuanfengzao is obviously higher than that in Jingyin 127. In vitro translation of mRNA showed that the products of NR-mRNA per unit of total mRNA of Yuanfengzao is much more than that of Jingyin 127. It is concluded that, therefore, NR activity in rice is regulated through NR synthesis and NR-inhibitory protein(s) system, the former is further controlled at the lev     

塑料裂解碳的反应活性及结构分析

对2种无氯塑料裂解残碳的反应活性进行测试,结果表明,塑料裂解残碳的反应活性要强于焦炭.分形理论分析结果表明塑料裂解碳的孔隙率大、比表面大,这有利于气固相反应的进行.     

去氢枞酸类成核剂改性聚丙烯的非等温结晶动力学研究

对以去氢枞酸盐为成核剂的聚丙烯非等温结晶动力学进行了研究，用修正Avrami方程的Jexiorny法和莫志深法进行处理。结果表明：修正Avrami方程的Jeziorny方法和莫志深法都适用于去氢枞酸类成核剂改性的聚丙烯的非等温结晶动力学。在同样的降温速率下纯聚丙烯的t1/2比成核聚丙烯的t1／2要长，当降温速率为20K/min时，纯聚丙烯和成核聚丙烯的t1/2分别为0．78min和0．51min。同时从莫志深法得到的F(T)结果可以看出，达到相同的结晶度时纯聚丙烯所需的降温速率要大于成核聚丙烯所需的降温速率，说明成核剂的加入提高了聚丙烯的结晶速率。从Jeziorny法求出的纯聚丙烯和成核聚丙烯的Avrami指数分别为4．46和2．77，表明成核剂改变了聚丙烯的结晶成核和生长方式。     

Inhibiting and Reversing Amyloid‐β Peptide (1–40) Fibril Formation with Gramicidin S and Engineered Analogues

In Alzheimer’s disease, amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides aggregate into extracellular fibrillar deposits. Although these deposits may not be the prime cause of the neurodegeneration that characterizes this disease, inhibition or dissolution of amyloid fibril formation by Aβ peptides is likely to affect its development. ThT fluorescence measurements and AFM images showed that the natural antibiotic gramicidin S significantly inhibited Aβ amyloid formation in vitro and could dissolve amyloids that had formed in the absence of the antibiotic. In silico docking suggested that gramicidin S, a cyclic decapeptide that adopts a β‐sheet conformation, binds to the Aβ peptide hairpin‐stacked fibril through β‐sheet interactions. This may explain why gramicidin S reduces fibril formation. Analogues of gramicidin S were also tested. An analogue with a potency that was four‐times higher than that of the natural product was identified.     

在线紫外-可见光谱研究ITO导电玻璃电极上苯胺与对苯二胺的电化学共聚及其产物的表征

本文用在线紫外-可见光谱电化学的方法较详细地研究了在0.5M硫酸水溶液中苯胺、对苯二胺以及苯胺与对苯二胺混合体系在ITO导电玻璃电极上的电化学聚合和共聚合的过程。苯胺与对苯二胺在ITO导电玻璃上发生了电化学共聚合,在0.5M硫酸水溶液的纯苯胺和苯胺与对苯二胺共聚时的循环伏安曲线以及其对应的在线紫外-可见光谱表明对苯二胺的加入除了发生共聚外,也使聚合的速率明显加快;而且纯苯胺在循环伏安电化学聚合时在430nm处出现的吸收带因对苯二胺的加入而消失,说明对苯二胺的加入使聚合的机理与纯苯胺的聚合机理有明显不同,主要原因是苯胺产生的反应中间体可能很快与对苯二胺的阳离子自由基反应聚合。在导电玻璃ITO上的聚合物膜的反射傅立叶红外光谱表明,对苯二胺的加入可能产生了具有1,2取代模式结构,这说明了对苯二胺结合进入到聚合物中。这种共聚使得产物的表面形貌也发生了变化,聚合物扫描电镜图表明对笨二胺的加入有利于纤维状的表面形貌产生,纤维的直径可达到50nm粗细;同时用在线紫外-可见光谱研究了纯聚苯胺和共聚物随电位变化的电变色性质,结果表明在0v-0.6v之间共聚物与纯聚苯胺的在线紫外-可见光谱有明显的不同,且共聚物的电变色可逆性比纯聚苯胺好;同时SEM图也表明在0.8v电位下聚苯胺和共聚物表面形貌发生了团聚。     

短链支化对低分子量聚乙烯结晶及熔融行为的影响

研究了金属茂催化的低分子量支化聚乙烯和线性聚乙烯的结晶及熔融行为 ,发现支化聚乙烯的结构与线性聚乙烯相同为正交结构 ,但晶格略有膨胀 .支链的存在对熔融行为影响不大 ,两种聚乙烯的熔点均随结晶温度的升高而非线性增加 ,表现出低分子量样品的共同特征 .但支链的存在对结晶行为却有很大的影响 ,主要是由于支链的存在降低了晶体的结晶速率从而影响结晶过程 ,使得低分子量的支化聚乙烯的结晶行为与高分子量线性聚乙烯的结晶行为相似而与低分子量的线性聚乙烯不同 .动力学分析表明 ,低分子量的支化聚乙烯的结晶生长方式的转变温度比同等分子量的线性聚乙烯降低了约 2 0℃