Lower bound on the number of Toffoli gates in a classical reversible circuit through quantum information concepts

The question of finding a lower bound on the number of Toffoli gates in a classical reversible circuit is addressed. A method based on quantum information concepts is proposed. The method involves solely concepts from quantum information--there is no need for an actual physical quantum computer. The method is illustrated in the example of classical Shannon data compression.     

Beam-propagation method based on the Wigner transform: a new formulation

A new formulation of the classical scalar beam-propagation method is derived by use of the Wigner transform. The new method is faster than the classical beam-propagation method because no Fourier transform must be computed. An example given to illustrate the proposed method shows additional advantages.     

Impulse techniques for the simplification of insulation measurement between dwellings

This paper describes a novel method of measuring sound insulation in frequency bands or dB(A) using pistol shots as the source. The method has the advantages of speed and economy in comparison with classical measurements. Comparisons of the impulsive and classical methods are given for a number of structures and it is shown that the agreement is generally good.     

Quantum projection. Integration of the open Tod quantum chain

A quantum projection method is developed on the basis of noncommutative integration of linear differential equations and the results of M. A. Ol’shanetskii and A. M. Perelomov on the integration of classical Hamiltonian systems (projection method). The method proposed makes it possible to obtain in explicit form solutions of the quantum equations whose classical analogs can be integrated by projection. Then the semisimplicity property of the symmetry algebra of the original equation is no longer a factor. The solution basis of a Schrödinger equation with the potential of an open three-particle Tod chain is constructed as a nontrivial example.     

Equations of motion from field equations and a gauge-invariant variational principle for the motion of charged particles

New, gauge-independent, second-order Lagrangian for the motion of classical, charged test particles is proposed. It differs from the standard, gauge-dependent, first-order Lagrangian by boundary terms only. A new method of deriving equations of motion from field equations is developed. When applied to classical electrodynamics, this method enables us to obtain unambiguously the above, second-order Lagrangian from the general energy-momentum conservation principle.     

Qubits versus bits for measuring an integral of a classical field

Methods for measuring an integral of a classical field via local interaction of classical bits or local interaction of qubits passing through the field one at a time are analyzed. A quantum method, which has an exponentially better precision than any classical method we could see, is described.     

Criticism of statistical energy analysis for the calculation of sound insulation—Part 1: Single partitions

Crocker and Price⁴ employed the method of statistical energy analysis to calculate the sound insulation of single and double partitions. This paper deals with the degree of agreement between the results obtained by this method for sound insulation of single partitions and measured values.In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of this method compared with classical methods are discussed. A comparison between the statistical energy analysis method and classical methods for the calculation of the sound insulation of single partitions is made.     

Application of approximate symmetries to the construction of solutions of classical and quantum Hamiltonian systems

A method for integration of classical and quantum Hamiltonian systems, based on the use of approximate symmetries, is proposed in this paper. The proposed method is similar to the averaging method in classical mechanics; however, it does not use canonical transformations to the variables action-angle. This allows one in some cases to apply this method to quantum equations. A nontrivial example is analyzed in the paper.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 114–117, August, 1993.     

血清白蛋白与小分子化合物相互作用的荧光光谱研究

以牛血清白蛋白-Triton X-100和牛血清白蛋白-盐酸西布曲明两个体系为实例,考察了以血清白蛋白和小分子化合物为荧光检测对象所获得的相互作用信息的差异。发现两种方法获得的分子间结合常数差异显著,说明在以血清白蛋白为检测对象的传统荧光光谱法中,以色氨酸基团的荧光光谱所表达的信息来代表整个蛋白分子的相互作用信息是不准确的。文章提出了以荧光小分子化合物为检测对象的改进荧光光谱方法和荧光背景扣除方法,前者能全面表达相互作用过程中分子的整体信息,后者实现了荧光光谱交叠体系的荧光光谱法相互作用分析。     

双原子分子在啁啾激光作用下的经典解离

采用辛算法及经典理论方法,计算了HF分子在啁啾激光作用下的经典解离,讨论了解离几率随激光强度的变化,以及在相同激光强度下,选取不同的振动态作为初始态时解离几率的变化.     

梯度膜作为高功率激光反射膜的初步研究

 对渐变折射率薄膜替代均匀膜系作为高功率激光反射膜的可行性进行了理论研究。以较容易获得的线性共蒸法制备的光学膜在中心波长为1 064 nm的激光作用为例,分析了薄膜与基体之间波长的匹配、场强分布等问题。提出了通过改变微小单元获得梯度膜匹配厚度的数值方法,将之运用在14个周期结构的梯度膜中,并由膜系计算软件验证了所获得结果。最后通过分析Maxwell方程,计算了梯度膜中与薄膜损伤密切相关的电场强度分布。结果表明：周期性结构梯度高反射膜中的电场分布与传统高反射膜具有相似性,但相对于传统高反射膜容易在界面处出现损伤的情形而言,梯度膜更容易在表面出现损伤,使梯度膜表面反射相移接近π是高功率梯度高反射膜的设计方向。     

On the accuracy of a method to make film-grain noise independent of the signal

A formalism equivalent to the one previously introduced by the authors is used to determine the accuracy of a method to transform film-grain noise into signal-independent additive noise. Experimental results for film-grain noise that does not follow the classical square-root law are presented.     

二维椭圆量子台球中的谱分析

研究了二维椭圆台球中的量子谱和经典轨道之间的对应关系.为尝试求解没有解析波函数和本征能量又不能分离变量的体系，采用了定态展开方法(expansion method for stationary states，简称EMSS)得到尽可能精确的数值解，这是闭合轨道理论被推广到计算开轨道的情况.比较了傅里叶变换谱和经典轨道，发现量子谱的峰位置与经典轨道的长度在可分辨的范围内符合得很好，这是半经典理论为经典与量子力学的联系提供桥梁作用的又一个例子. 关键词： 椭圆量子台球 定态展开方法 闭合轨道理论 量子谱     

Criticism of statistical energy analysis for the calculation of sound insulation: Part 2-double partitions

The theory of statistical energy analysis has been applied to the problem of estimating the transmission loss of a single finite panel. This theory was extended to the problem of a finite double-leaf partition structure.This paper deals with the degree of agreement of the measured values with the theoretical results of the sound insulation of double partitions according to this theory.In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of this method compared with classical methods are discussed. A comparison between the method of statistical energy analysis and classical methods for the calculation of the sound insulation of double partitions is given.     

Electromagnetic detection of a perfect cloak based on the material nonlinear response

Methods of detecting a perfect invisible cloak are analyzed. A classical frequency-domain method of detection is proposed. It is based on the detection of the difference between the nonlinear responses of the materials of the cloak and the background. The cloak treated here is perfect working within any frequency. The method for detecting the cloak in the frequency domain is demonstrated numerically for an example.     

一种改进的红外图像归一化互相关匹配算法

分析了传统归一化互相关算法在红外空中目标匹配定位时失效的原因,提出一种改进的红外图像归一化互相关匹配算法.该方法将模板和匹配区域之间的纹理相关计算看作一个最优化问题,寻求使图像纹理相关匹配鲁棒性最好的相关基准值,用图像的相关基准函数替代传统方法中的区域均值部分,构造了一种适用于的红外目标匹配的归一化相关算法.实验结果表明,该相关匹配算法对模板中背景部分的变化和非均匀性亮度变化有良好的抗干扰能力,较好地解决了恶劣环境下红外对空目标跟踪中匹配定位出错的问题.     

Equation of states for classical Coulomb systems: use of the Hubbard-Schofield approach

An effective method based on the Hubbard-Schofield approach [Phys. Lett. A 40, 245 (1972)] is developed to calculate the free energy of classical Coulomb systems. This method significantly simplifies the derivation of the cluster expansion. A diagrammatic representation of the cluster integrals is proposed. Simple rules providing the leading order in density n of each diagrammatic contribution are found. We calculate the n(3) contribution and recover the results at the order n(5/2) obtained by the traditional method of resummation of diverging Mayer bonds.