载体酸碱性对CO2／CH4重整反应用镍基催化剂的影响

考察了6种载体对镍基催化剂的CO2/CH4重整反应性能的影响,并采用CO2-TPD,H2-TPR和BET技术对催化剂进行表征.结果表明,Ni/MgO-Al203,催化剂表现出较好催化活性和较高的反应产率,且反应后催化剂的失活率最小(4.65%).载体的酸碱性和比表面积的大小直接影响到催化剂的反应性能,经碱土金属修饰的复合载体表面的碱性增强,提高了对CO2的吸附解离能力,使催化剂在重整反应中表现出较好的抗积炭能力.各催化剂的稳定性依次为:Ni/MgO-Al2O3>Ni/MCM-41>Ni/MgO>Ni/Al203>Ni/ZrO2>Ni/ZSM-5.     

载体对镍基催化剂CH4／CO2重整制合成气性能的影响

在Ｎｉ／ＭｇＯ、Ｎｉ／ＣａＯ和Ｎｉ／ＣｅＯ催化剂上,ＣＨ４／ＣＯ２重整制事成的活性测试表明ＭｇＯ是一种较好的载体,ＴＰＲ实验显示,Ｎｉ－ＭｇＯ之间的相互作用比Ｎｉ－ＣａＯ和Ｎｉ－ＣｅＯ２强,现场ＣＯ岐化和ＣＨ４解离实验表明, 经剂表面吸附的氢会促进ＣＯ歧化和ＣＨ４解离积炭。     

反应条件对Ni-CaO-ZrO2催化剂上CH4-CO2重整反应及积炭的影响

用共沉淀法制备了Ni-CaO-ZrO₂催化剂,并将其用于CH₄-CO₂重整反应。考察了反应温度、空速和反应物配比对催化剂性能和积炭的影响。通过热力学计算和实验表征研究发现,反应条件对CH₄-CO₂重整反应结果和积炭有重要的影响。由于高温条件同时有利于CH₄裂解和碳物种的及时消除,升高温度可以提高催化剂的活性和稳定性。增大空速则使CH₄的转化率和消碳反应的速率均降低,导致积炭量增加。同时,反应物配比对催化剂表面的积炭量也有很大影响;稍高的CO₂/CH₄摩尔比有利于抑制CH₄-CO₂重整反应过程中的积炭。     

CO2／CH4重整镍基催化剂制备与性能的关系

一般浸渍法与真空浸渍法的比较说明,真空浸渍制备的催化剂,其表面具有较多的Ｎｉ原子,催化活性较高,现场ＴＰＯ实验表明,ＣＯ岐化的积炭量大于ＣＨ４解离的积炭量。从而提出镍基催化剂的积炭主要来自反应生成气ＣＯ的岐化。     

氧化物担载铑原子簇催化剂的金属载体相互作用的考察 Ⅲ.Rh/La_2O_3和Rh/ZnO催化剂的金属载体相互作用

本文是文献[1]、[2]的续篇,选择了Rh/La_2O_3和Rh/ZnO两种SMSI体系,以进一步考察文献[1]、[2]所述观点。实验部分     

Ce1-xZrxO2的氧化还原性能及其对CO2重整CH4反应的影响

 通过X射线衍射和程序升温还原技术对Ce1-xZrxO2(0≤x≤1)催化剂的结构和氧化还原性能进行了研究,同时考察了Ce1-xZrxO2催化剂在CO2重整CH4反应中的催化性能,并与其氧化还原性能进行了关联. 结果表明,当x≤0.25时, Ce1-x-ZrxO2以立方相Ce-Zr-O固溶体形式存在,氧化还原性随着Zr含量的增加而增加; 当x＞0.25时,以四方ZrO2相和立方相Ce-Zr-O固溶体的混合相存在,氧化还原性随着Zr含量的增加而减弱. Ce0.75Zr0.25O2具有最高的氧化还原性, Ce1-xZrxO2对CO2重整CH4反应的催化活性依赖于其氧化还原性,催化剂的氧化还原性越强,反应物(CO2和CH4)的转化率越高,催化剂的稳定性也越好. 氧化还原性能最强的Ce0.75Zr0.25O2催化剂表现出最高的催化活性、抗积炭能力和稳定性.     

Mo、W金属氧化物对CH4/CO2重整Ni基催化剂性能的影响

用XRD、XPS、元素分析、TEM和活性评价等方法研究过渡金属氧化物MoO3和WO3对SiO2负载的Ni基催化剂物理化学性质和CH4/CO2重整制合成气催化性能的影响.结果表明,在负载型的镍催化剂中,MoO3和WO3的添加一方面提高了Ni的核外电子密度,减弱了对CH4深度裂解积炭;另一方面使催化剂表面镍的相对浓度降低,结构上起到了隔离、分散金属颗粒的作用,氧的相对浓度升高,有效提高了催化剂的抗烧结和抗积炭能力,显示出较好的催化稳定性.     

CH4,CO2和O2制合成气反应中载体对催化剂抗积炭性能的影响

在CH4,CO2 和O2 催化氧化制合成气反应中 ,积炭是催化剂活性减弱的一个重要因素 .通过向Ni/Al2 O3 添加各种氧化物后 ,催化剂的抗积炭性能得到了提高 .实验结果表明 ,催化剂的抗积炭顺序为 :Ni/CaO Al2 O3 >Ni/MgO Al2 O3 >Ni/TiO2 Al2 O3>Ni/CeO2 Al2 O3 >Ni/La2 O3 Al2 O3 >Ni/Y2 O3 Al2 O3 >Ni/Fe2 O3 Al2 O3 >Ni/Al2 O3 ,并通过CO2 TPD ,O2 TPD ,XPS等方法对催化剂进行表征 ,讨论了抗积炭顺序与催化剂性能的关系 .     

超细镍基催化剂的CH4—CO2重整反应性能——Ⅲ制备方法对催化剂吸附CO2性能的影响

采用溶胶－凝胶法和超临界干燥技术,制备了气凝胶超细氧化铝载体、超细二元（NiO-Al2O3）和三元（NiO-La2O3-Al2O3）催化剂,同时以超细氧化铝载体浸渍镍盐的二元催化剂和普通氧化铝浸渍的镍镧铝的三元催化剂作为对比。通过CO2－TPD实验及XRD、XPS和IR技术表征,考察了制备方法和氧化镧改性对催化剂吸附二氧化碳能力的影响。结果表明,超细样品的吸附能力明显高于浸渍型催化剂,具有明显的纳米粒子效应,La2O3的加入,提高了强碱中心数,使催化剂的吸附能力显著增强,且不受制备方法的影响,还原后的镍物种吸附CO2后,与载体之间的相互作用被消弱,容易被重新氧化成粒度较大的氧化镍晶粒。     

载体对负载钴催化剂CH4/CO2重整反应的影响

重整制合成气;载体对负载钴催化剂CH4/CO2重整反应的影响     

Reforming of CH4 with CO2 over Rh/H-Beta:Effect of Rhodium Dispersion on the Catalytic Activity and Coke Resistance

The effect of Rh dispersion on reforming of CH₄ with CO₂ over H‐Beta supported Rh catalysts has been investigated. The CH₄ and CO₂ conversion over the catalysts increase with increasing Rh loading from 0.5 wt% to 4.0 wt% in the reaction temperature range of 823–1123 K. The high TOF of CH₄ over 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt% Rh/H‐beta may be attributed to high dispersion of rhodium species. The catalysts before and after the reaction were characterized by XRD, TEM, and TG‐DTA and the results indicate the catalysts with Rh loading of 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt% exhibiting high resistance to coke. Under controllable conditions, we confirm that the coke is originated from methane dissociation and can be substantially oxidized by active oxygen species dissociated from the adsorbed carbon dioxide on the catalyst with high dispersion of Rh species.     

介孔Ni/CaO-ZrO2纳米复合物催化甲烷和二氧化碳重整

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一种具有高热稳定性的介孔Ni/CaO-ZrO2纳米复合物.此纳米复合物在甲烷/二氧化碳重整中表现出较高的活性和稳定性,且经连续运行50h后,其催化活性没有明显降低,稳定性显著高于Ni/Al2O3或Ni/SiO2负载型催化剂.这是由于反应过程中纳米Ni颗粒尺寸被有效稳定以及碱性组分CaO的存在,催化剂中相互嵌合的Ni,ZrO2和CaO的颗粒尺寸均为10nm左右,堆积形成了海绵状的介孔结构.CaO的存在使催化剂具有较强的碱性,促进了反应物CO2的化学吸附和解离.     

水蒸气对Ni/Ce-Zr-Al-Ox催化剂上CO2重整CH4瓜的影响

采用水热合成-负载法制备了Ni/Ce-Zr-Al-Ox催化剂,测试了该催化剂上CO2重整CH4反应的活性和稳定性,并考察了添加少量水蒸气对CO2重整CH4反应的影响.结果表明,在不含水蒸气的反应气中反应198 h后CH4和CO2的转化率分别为89%和98%,H2/CO摩尔比约为1.00,且没有任何失活.添加3.2%的水蒸气后,CH4转化率提高到94%,CO2转化率不变,H2/CO摩尔比约提高0.06,同时稳定性也很好.计算结果表明,添加少量水蒸气后,CO2重整CH4被促进,逆水煤气反应被抑制,而水蒸气重整CH4没有明显变化.     

CO2 Reforming of CH4 over Nickel and Cobalt Catalysts Prepared from La—Based Perovskite Precursors

Four perovskite-type complex oxides (LaNiO3, La2NiO4, LaCoO3 and La2CoO4) were successfully prepared using two sol-gel methods, the Pechini method (PC) and the citric acid complexing method (CC). The catalysts were characterized by XRD and TPR. After reduction, the activity of the catalysts in the CO2 reforming of methane was tested. Ni-based catalysts from La2NiO4 precursors were the most active and stable catalyst after calcination above 850 癈, which gave a methane conversion of 0.025 mmol/(g-s) for those prepared by the PC method and 0.020 mmol/(g-s) by the CC method. It was proposed that the well-defined structure and lower reducibility is responsible for the unusual catalytic behavior observed over the pre-reduced La2NiO4 catalyst.     

Metal-Support Interaction and Catalysis of the Catalysts Prepared Using Microemulsion

We have developed a new preparation method (ME method) of supported metal catalysts by using microemulsion. The metal particles in the catalyst prepared by this method were interacted strongly with support and were considered to be positively charged, and the SiO₂-supported Rh and Fe catalysts prepared by this method exhibited a unique activity and a good selectivity to oxygenates in the hydrogenation of CO. The Al₂O₃-supported Ni catalyst also exhibited an excellent activity and a strong resistance to carbon deposition in the methane-steam reforming. In this review, these interesting catalytic behaviors of the catalysts prepared by ME method were elucidated from the view-point of the electronic state of metals.     

La2NiO4／Al2O3催化剂上CH4／CO2的重整

 通过溶胶－凝胶方法制备了尖晶石结构的La2NiO4／Al2O3催化剂，采用BET，XRD和TG表征了催化剂的孔分布、比表面积、体相组成以及凝胶样品的热失重和热分解过程．将催化剂应用于CH4／CO2重整反应制合成气，考察了惰性气体和反应温度对转化率、选择性以及积碳的影响．结果表明，在高空速（GHSV＝4．8×104ml／（g·h））下，CH4和CO2转化率分别为51％和60％，CO和H2的选择性约为98％和92％，惰性气体He的引入明显地提高了CH4和CO2的转化率．     

制备方法对Ni/MgO/Al2O3催化剂在甲烷与二氧化碳重整反应活性的影响

采用浸渍－还原法制备的Ｎｉ／ＭｇＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３在ＣＨ４与ＣＯ２重整制合成气反应中显示出良好的催化性能和一定的抗积炭能力;在１０２３Ｋ下流动反应气氛中连续运转１００ｈ,未见活性下降,ＣＨ４及Ｃ弦均为９０％左右,ＣＯ收率高于９０％,实验还发现,ＣＨ４转化率随着原料气中ＣＯ２浓度的增加而升高,当Ｖ（ＣＯ２）／Ｖ（ＣＨ４）＝２时ＣＨ４转化率可达１００％,通过ＢＥＴ比表面积测定及ＸＲＤ,ＴＥＭ等分析手段,比     

CO2 Reforming of CH4 over Ni／CeO2-ZrO2-Al203 Prepared by Hydrothermal Synthesis Method

The Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-A12O3 catalyst with different A12O3 and NiO contents were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method. The catalytic performance for CO2 reforming of CH4 reaction, the interaction among components and the relation between Ni content and catalyst surface basicity were investigated. Results show that the interaction between NiO and A12O3 is stronger than that between NiO and CeO2-ZrO2. The addition of A12O3 can prevent the formation of large metallic Ni ensembles, increase the dispersion of Ni, and improve catalytic activity, but excess A12O3 causes the catalyst to deactivate easily. The interaction between NiO and CeO2 results in more facile reduction of surface CeO2. The existence of a small amount of metallic Ni can increase the number of basic sites. As metallic Ni may preferentially reside on the strong basic sites, increasing Ni content can weaken the catalyst basicity.     

CO_2 Reforming of CH_4 over Ni/CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3 Prepared by Hydrothermal Synthesis Method

The Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 catalyst with different Al2O3 and NiO contents were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method. The catalytic performance for CO2 reforming of CH4 reaction, the interaction among components and the relation between Ni content and catalyst surface basicity were investigated. Results show that the interaction between NiO and Al2O3 is stronger than that between NiO and CeO2-ZrO2.The addition of Al2O3 can prevent the formation of large metallic Ni ensembles, increase the dispersion of Ni, and improve catalytic activity, but excess Al2O3 causes the catalyst to deactivate easily. The interaction between NiO and CeO2 results in more facile reduction of surface CeO2. The existence of a small amount of metallic Ni can increase the number of basic sites. As metallic Ni may preferentially reside on the strong basic sites, increasing Ni content can weaken the catalyst basicity.